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חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · PARSHAS HASHAVUAחוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · PARSHAS HASHAVUA

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · חיי שרה · רִאשׁוֹן

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Chayei Sara · 1st Aliyah
Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה

We begin the parsha of Chayei Sara with the petirah of our mother Sarah Imeinu at the age of one hundred and twenty-seven years. Avraham Avinu is faced with the immediate, painful task of finding a fitting place to bury his beloved wife in the land of Canaan, specifically in Kiryas Arba, which is Chevron. This sets the stage for a major negotiation with the local inhabitants, the Bnei Ches, as Avraham seeks to acquire a permanent estate for a burial plot.

Lichoira, Avraham is a stranger in their midst, yet he is highly respected as a prince of Elokim. He focuses his efforts on acquiring the Cave of Machpelah from Ephron ben Zohar. We will see the back-and-forth negotiation between Avraham and Ephron, where Avraham insists on paying the full price in order to secure an absolute, undisputed possession for his family.

All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.
פָּסוּק א
Pasuk 1
וַיִּהְיוּAnd wereחַיֵּיthe life ofשָׂרָהSarahמֵאָהone hundredשָׁנָהyearsוְעֶשְׂרִיםand twentyשָׁנָהyearsוְשֶׁבַעand sevenשָׁנִיםyearsשְׁנֵיthe years ofחַיֵּיthe life ofשָׂרָה׃Sarah
רַשִׁ״י
ויהיוAnd wereחייthe life ofשרהSarahמאהone hundredשנהyearsועשריםand twentyשנהyearsושבעand sevenשנים.yearsלְכָךְthereforeנִכְתַּבit was writtenשָׁנָהyearבְּכָלat everyכְּלָלtermוּכְלָל,and termלוֹמַרto sayלְךָto youשֶׁכָּלthat everyאֶחָדoneנִדְרָשׁis expoundedלְעַצְמוֹ,by itselfבַּתat the age ofק'one hundredכְּבַתwas like one ofכ'twentyלְחֵטְא,regarding sinמַהjust asבַּתat the age ofכ'twentyלֹאshe had notחָטְאָה,sinnedשֶׁהֲרֵיsince beholdאֵינָהּshe was notבַּתsubject toעֳנָשִׁין,punishmentsאַףso tooבַּתat the age ofק'one hundredבְּלֹאwas withoutחֵטְא,sinוּבַתand at the age ofכ'twentyכְּבַתwas like one ofז'sevenלְיֹפִי:regarding beauty
רַשִׁ״י
שניThe years ofחייthe life ofשרה.Sarahכֻּלָּןall of themשָׁוִיןwere equalלְטוֹבָה:for good
פָּסוּק ב
Pasuk 2
וַתָּמָתAnd diedשָׂרָהSarahבְּקִרְיַתin KiriathאַרְבַּעArbaהִואit isחֶבְרוֹןChevronבְּאֶרֶץin the land ofכְּנָעַןCanaanוַיָּבֹאand cameאַבְרָהָםAvrahamלִסְפֹּדto eulogizeלְשָׂרָהfor Sarahוְלִבְכֹּתָהּ׃and to bewail her
רַשִׁ״י
בקריתIn the city ofארבע.Fourעַלonשֵׁםthe name ofאַרְבַּעfourעֲנָקִיםgiantsשֶׁהָיוּwho wereשָׁם,thereאֲחִימָןAhimanשֵׁשַׁיSheshaiוְתַלְמַיand Talmaiוַאֲבִיהֶם.and their fatherדָּ"אַanother explanationעַלonשֵׁםthe name ofאַרְבַּעfourזוּגוֹתcouplesשֶׁנִקְבְּרוּwho were buriedשָׁםthereאִישׁmanוְאִשְׁתּוֹ,and his wifeאָדָםAdamוְחַוָּה,and ChavahאַבְרָהָםAvrahamוְשָׂרָה,and SarahיִצְחָקYitzchakוְרִבְקָה,and RivkahיַעֲקֹבYaakovוְלֵאָהand LeahבראשיתBereishisרבהRabbah:
רַשִׁ״י
ויבאAnd Avraham cameאברהם.Avrahamמִבְּאֵרfrom Beerשֶׁבַע:Sheva
רַשִׁ״י
לספודto bewailלשרהSarahולבכתה.and to weep for herוְנִסְמְכָהand was juxtaposedמִיתַתthe death ofשָׂרָהSarahלַעֲקֵדַתto the binding ofיִצְחָקYitzchakלְפִיbecauseשֶׁעַלthat throughיְדֵיthe means ofבְּשׂוֹרַתthe announcement ofהָעֲקֵדָה,the bindingשֶׁנִּזְדַּמֵּןthat was preparedבְּנָהּher sonלִשְׁחִיטָהfor slaughterוְכִמְעַטand almostשֶׁלֹּא·נִשְׁחַט,was slaughteredפָּרְחָהflew outנִשְׁמָתָהּher soulמִמֶּנָּהfrom herוּמֵתָה:and she died
פָּסוּק ג
Pasuk 3
וַיָּקָםAnd roseאַבְרָהָםAvrahamמֵעַלfrom beforeפְּנֵיthe face ofמֵתוֹhis deadוַיְדַבֵּרand he spokeאֶלtoבְּנֵיthe sons ofחֵתChesלֵאמֹר׃saying
פָּסוּק ד
Pasuk 4
גֵּרA strangerוְתוֹשָׁבand a residentאָנֹכִיam Iעִמָּכֶםwith youתְּנוּgiveלִיto meאֲחֻזַּתa possession ofקֶבֶרa burial siteעִמָּכֶםwith youוְאֶקְבְּרָהthat I may buryמֵתִיmy deadמִלְּפָנָי׃from before me
רַשִׁ״י
גרA strangerותושבand a settlerאנכיI amעמכם.with youגֵּרa strangerמֵאֶרֶץfrom a landאַחֶרֶתanotherוְנִתְיַשַּׁבְתִּיand I settledעִמָּכֶם.with youוּמִדְרַשׁand the Midrashאַגָּדָהof Aggadahאִםifתִּרְצוּyou wishהֲרֵינִיbehold I amגֵּר,a strangerוְאִםand ifלָאוnotאֶהְיֶהI will beתּוֹשָׁבa settlerוְאֶטְּלֶנָּהand I will take itמִןfromהַדִּין,the lawשֶׁאָמַרfor saidלִיto meהַקָּבָּ"הthe Holy Oneלְזַרְעֲךָto your seedאֶתֵּןI will giveאֶת—הָאָרֶץthe landהַזֹּאת:this
רַשִׁ״י
אחוזתA possession ofקבר.a burying placeאֲחֻזַּתa possession ofקַרְקַעlandלְבֵיתfor a house ofהַקְּבָרוֹת:the graves
פָּסוּק ה
Pasuk 5
וַיַּעֲנוּAnd they answeredבְנֵיthe children ofחֵתChesאֶת—אַבְרָהָםAvrahamלֵאמֹרsayingלוֹ׃to him
פָּסוּק ו
Pasuk 6
שְׁמָעֵנוּhear usאֲדֹנִיmy lordנְשִׂיאa prince ofאֱלֹהִיםGodאַתָּהare youבְּתוֹכֵנוּamong usבְּמִבְחַרin the choicest ofקְבָרֵינוּour burial placesקְבֹרburyאֶת—מֵתֶךָyour deadאִישׁno manמִמֶּנּוּof usאֶת—קִבְרוֹhis burial placeלֹאwill notיִכְלֶהwithholdמִמְּךָfrom youמִקְּבֹרfrom buryingמֵתֶךָ׃your dead
רַשִׁ״י
לאwill notיכלה.withholdלֹאnotיִמְנַעwill withholdכְּמוֹjust asלֹאnotתִכְלָאYou will withholdרַחֲמֶיךָYour merciesתהיליםTehillimמ'chapter 40וּכְמוֹand likeוַיִּכָּלֵאand was restrainedהַגֶּשֶׁםthe rainבראשיתBereishisח'chapter 8:
פָּסוּק ז
Pasuk 7
וַיָּקָםAnd aroseאַבְרָהָםAvrahamוַיִּשְׁתַּחוּand bowedלְעַםto the people ofהָאָרֶץthe landלִבְנֵיto the children ofחֵת׃Ches
פָּסוּק ח
Pasuk 8
וַיְדַבֵּרand he spokeאִתָּםwith themלֵאמֹרsayingאִםifיֵשׁit isאֶת—נַפְשְׁכֶםyour desireלִקְבֹּרto buryאֶת—מֵתִיmy deadמִלְּפָנַיfrom before meשְׁמָעוּנִיhear meוּפִגְעוּand intercedeלִיfor meבְּעֶפְרוֹןwith Ephronבֶּןson ofצֹחַר׃Zohar
רַשִׁ״י
נפשכם.your soulרְצוֹנְכֶם:your will
רַשִׁ״י
ופגעוand entreatלי.for meלְשוֹןan expression ofבַּקָּשָׁהrequestכְּמוֹ:likeאַלdo notתִּפְגְּעִיentreatבִּיmeרותRuthא'1:
פָּסוּק ט
Pasuk 9
וְיִתֶּןand let him giveלִיto meאֶת—מְעָרַתthe cave ofהַמַּכְפֵּלָהMachpelahאֲשֶׁרwhichלוֹis hisאֲשֶׁרwhichבִּקְצֵהis at the edge ofשָׂדֵהוּhis fieldבְּכֶסֶףfor moneyמָלֵאfullיִתְּנֶנָּהlet him give itלִיto meבְּתוֹכְכֶםin your midstלַאֲחֻזַּתfor a property ofקָבֶר׃a burial site
רַשִׁ״י
המכפלה.Machpelahבַּיתa houseוַעֲלִיָּהand an upper chamberעַלuponגַּבָּיו.its backדָּ"אַanother explanationשֶׁכְּפוּלָהthat it was doubledבְּזוּגוֹתwith couplesעירוביןEruvinנ"ג53:
רַשִׁ״י
בכסףFor silverמלא.fullשָׁלֵם,completeכָּלall ofשָׁוְיָהּ;its valueוְכֵןand soדָּוִדDovidאָמַרsaidלַאֲרַוְנָהto Aravnahבְּכֶסֶףfor silverמָלֵאfullדבריChroniclesהימים·אIכ"א21:
פָּסוּק י
Pasuk 10
וְעֶפְרוֹןAnd Ephronיֹשֵׁבwas sittingבְּתוֹךְin the midst ofבְּנֵיthe children ofחֵתChesוַיַּעַןand answeredעֶפְרוֹןEphronהַחִתִּיthe Hittiteאֶת—אַבְרָהָםAvrahamבְּאָזְנֵיin the ears ofבְנֵיthe children ofחֵתChesלְכֹלto allבָּאֵיwho enteredשַׁעַרthe gate ofעִירוֹhis cityלֵאמֹר׃saying
רַשִׁ״י
ועפרוןAnd Ephronישב.satכְּתִיבit is writtenחָסֵר,lackingאוֹתוֹthatהַיּוֹםdayמִנּוּהוּthey appointed himשׁוֹטֵרan officerעֲלֵיהֶם;over themמִפְּנֵיbecause ofחֲשִׁיבוּתוֹthe importanceשֶׁלofאַבְרָהָםAvrahamשֶׁהָיָהwho wasצָרִיךְneedingלוֹ,himעָלָהhe roseלִגְדֻלָּה:to greatness
רַשִׁ״י
לכלof allבאיthose who enterשערthe gate ofעירו.his cityשֶׁכֻּלָּןfor they allבָּטְלוּceasedמִמְּלָאכְתָּןfrom their workוּבָאוּand cameלִגְמֹלto bestowחֶסֶדkindnessלְשָׂרָה:to Sarah
פָּסוּק יא
Pasuk 11
לֹאNoאֲדֹנִיmy lordשְׁמָעֵנִיhear meהַשָּׂדֶהthe fieldנָתַתִּיI giveלָךְto youוְהַמְּעָרָהand the caveאֲשֶׁרthatבּוֹis in itלְךָto youנְתַתִּיהָI give itלְעֵינֵיin the presence ofבְנֵיthe children ofעַמִּיmy peopleנְתַתִּיהָI give itלָּךְto youקְבֹרburyמֵתֶךָ׃your dead
רַשִׁ״י
לאNayאדני.my lordלֹאnotתִּקְנֶהshall you buyאוֹתָהּitבְּדָמִים:with money
רַשִׁ״י
נתתיI have givenלך.to youהֲרֵיbeholdהוּאitכְּמוֹis likeשֶׁנְּתַתִּיהָthat I gave itלְךָ:to you
פָּסוּק יב
Pasuk 12
וַיִּשְׁתַּחוּAnd he bowedאַבְרָהָםAvrahamלִפְנֵיbeforeעַםthe people ofהָאָרֶץ׃the land
פָּסוּק יג
Pasuk 13
וַיְדַבֵּרAnd he spokeאֶלtoעֶפְרוֹןEphronבְּאָזְנֵיin the ears ofעַםthe people ofהָאָרֶץthe landלֵאמֹרsayingאַךְButאִםifאַתָּהyouלוּwould onlyשְׁמָעֵנִיhear meנָתַתִּיI will giveכֶּסֶףthe money ofהַשָּׂדֶהthe fieldקַחtakeמִמֶּנִּיfrom meוְאֶקְבְּרָהand I will buryאֶת—מֵתִיmy deadשָׁמָּה׃there
רַשִׁ״י
אךButאםifאתהyouלוwouldשמעני.hear meאַתָּהYouאוֹמֵרsayלִיto meלִשְׁמֹעַto listenלְךָto youוְלִקַּחand to takeבְּחִנָּם,for freeאֲנִיIאִיdo notאֶפְשִׁיdesireבְּכָךְ:this
רַשִׁ״י
אךButאםifאתהyouלוwould onlyשמעני.hear meהַלְוַאיI wishוְתִשְׁמָעֵנִי:and you would hear me
רַשִׁ״י
נתתי.I giveדני"שdonisבלע"ז,in foreign tongueמוּכָןreadyהוּאit isאֶצְלִי,by meוְהַלְוַאיand would thatנָתַתִּיI had givenלְךָto youכְּבָר:already
פָּסוּק יד
Pasuk 14
וַיַּעַןAnd answeredעֶפְרוֹןEphronאֶת—אַבְרָהָםAvrahamלֵאמֹרsayingלוֹ׃to him
פָּסוּק טו
Pasuk 15
אֲדֹנִיmy lordשְׁמָעֵנִיhear meאֶרֶץa landאַרְבַּעfourמֵאֹתhundredשֶׁקֶלshekels ofכֶּסֶףsilverבֵּינִיbetween meוּבֵינְךָand between youמַהwhatהִואis itוְאֶתand —מֵתְךָyour deadקְבֹר׃bury
רַשִׁ״י
ביניBetween meובינך.and between youבֵּיןbetweenשְׁנֵיtwoאוֹהֲבִיםfriendsכָּמוֹנוּlike usמַהwhatהִיאis itחֲשׁוּבָהimportantלִכְלוּם,for anythingאֶלָּאratherהַנַּחleaveאֶת—הַמֶּכֶרthe saleוְאֶתand —מֵתְךָyour deadקְבֹרburyבראשיתBereishisרבהRabbah:
פָּסוּק טז
Pasuk 16
וַיִּשְׁמַעAnd listenedאַבְרָהָםAvrahamאֶלtoעֶפְרוֹןEphronוַיִּשְׁקֹלand weighed outאַבְרָהָםAvrahamלְעֶפְרֹןto Ephronאֶת—הַכֶּסֶףthe silverאֲשֶׁרwhichדִּבֶּרhe spokeבְּאָזְנֵיin the ears ofבְנֵיthe sons ofחֵתChesאַרְבַּעfourמֵאוֹתhundredשֶׁקֶלshekels ofכֶּסֶףsilverעֹבֵרacceptableלַסֹּחֵר׃to the merchant
רַשִׁ״י
וישקלAnd Avraham weighedאברהםAvrahamלעפרן.to Ephronחָסֵרlackingוָי"ו;the letter vavלְפִיbecauseשֶׁאָמַרthat he saidהַרְבֵּה,muchוַאֲפִלּוּand evenמְעַטa littleלֹאnotעָשָׂהhe didבבאBavaמציעאMetziaפ"זpage 87,שֶׁנָּטַלfor he tookמִמֶּנוּfrom himשְׁקָלִיםshekelsגְּדוֹלִיםlargeשֶׁהֵןwhich areקַנְטָרִין,centenariaשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is saidעֹבֵרcurrentלַסֹּחֵר,with the merchantשֶׁמִּתְקַבְּלִיםthat are acceptedבְּשֶׁקֶלas a shekelבְּכָלin everyמָקוֹםplaceשםthereובכורותand Bechorosנ'page 50,וְיֵשׁand there isמָקוֹםa placeשֶׁשִּׁקְלֵיהֶןwhere their shekelsגְּדוֹלִים,are largeשֶׁהֵןwhich areקַנְטָרִיןcentenariaצנטינא"רשcentenarsבלע"ז:in foreign tongue
Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם

The aliyah details the petirah of Sarah Imeinu in Chevron and Avraham Avinu's subsequent negotiation with the Bnei Ches to purchase a burial plot. Although the locals offer him the choice of their best graves for free, Avraham insists on buying the Cave of Machpelah from Ephron ben Zohar at full price. Ephron initially makes a show of offering the field and the cave as a gift, but quickly names a steep price of four hundred shekels of silver. Avraham immediately accepts these terms and weighs out the silver at the going merchants' rate, successfully securing the property.

לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home

The Torah is coming to be mechadesh a tremendous yesod in how a Yid conducts himself in the world, even when he is dealing with the most difficult, painful situations. Look at Avraham Avinu. He just lost his partner in life, the holy Sarah Imeinu. He is broken, mourning, and trying to secure a place to bury her. Yet, when he stands before the Bnei Cheis, he doesn't demand anything, nor does he act with a sense of entitlement. He bows, he speaks with utmost respect, and he refers to himself as a "ger v'toshav", a stranger and a resident. Even when Ephron tries to play games, offering the land for free but hinting at a massive price tag of four hundred shekels, Avraham doesn't argue or complain. He simply pays the full price, "over lasocher," in the most honorable way.

Lichoira, we would have thought that a person in such deep pain has a right to be demanding, or at least a bit impatient. But the Tanna is telling us that a Yid's middos and his mentchlichkeit are never on vacation. Avraham Avinu was a "nesi Elokim," a prince of Hashem, and he showed it davka by how he treated the people around him during his darkest hour. He didn't use his spiritual stature as an excuse to bypass the normal, respectful ways of the world. Mimeila, we see that true yiras Shamayim and greatness in Torah must express themselves in how we speak to others, how we do business, and how we carry ourselves when things are hard.

When you are under pressure, or when things are not going your way, the yetzer hara wants you to throw away your refinement and act with entitlement. The avodah of a Yid is to remember Avraham Avinu. Whether you are dealing with family, coworkers, or a storekeeper, your speech should be soft, your transactions honest, and your respect for others absolute.

Today, make a point to speak with extra gentleness and respect to everyone you encounter, especially if you find yourself in a stressful or frustrating situation.

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‹חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י — חיי שרה · רִאשׁוֹן›