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חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · דברים · רִאשׁוֹן

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Devarim · 1st Aliyah
Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה

In this opening aliyah of Sefer Devarim, Moshe Rabbeinu begins his final address to Klal Yisrael on the other side of the Yarden. Out of his deep love and concern for the nation, Moshe delivers his words of rebuke with great sensitivity, subtly hinting at the places where they stumbled in the wilderness rather than shaming them openly. He reminds them of the long journey from Chorev and establishes the precise timing of this address—the fortieth year, just months before his passing, after the defeat of Sichon and Og.

Moshe then begins to expound the Torah, recalling Hashem's command at Chorev that it was time to journey onward and inherit the Promised Land. Hashem placed the land before them, swearing to the Avos—Avraham, Yitzchak, and Yaakov—to give it to them and their children. Moshe also recalls how he told the people at that time that he could not bear the heavy burden of leading them alone, as Hashem had blessed them to multiply like the stars of the heaven.

All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.
פָּסוּק א
Pasuk 1
אֵלֶּהThese areהַדְּבָרִיםthe wordsאֲשֶׁרthatדִּבֶּרspokeמֹשֶׁהMosheאֶלtoכָּלall ofיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelבְּעֵבֶרon the side ofהַיַּרְדֵּןthe Yardenבַּמִּדְבָּרin the wildernessבָּעֲרָבָהin the plainמוֹלoppositeסוּףSufבֵּיןbetweenפָּארָןParanוּבֵיןand betweenתֹּפֶלTofelוְלָבָןand Lavanוַחֲצֵרֹתand Chatzerosוְדִיand Diזָהָב׃Zahav
רַשִׁ״י
אלהThese areהדברים.the wordsלְפִיBecauseשֶׁהֵןthat they areדִּבְרֵיwords ofתוֹכָחוֹתreproofsוּמָנָהand he enumeratedכָאןhereכָּלallהַמְּקוֹמוֹתthe placesשֶׁהִכְעִיסוּthat they angeredלִפְנֵיbeforeהַמָּקוֹםthe Omnipresentבָּהֶן,in themלְפִיכָךְthereforeסָתַםhe concealedאֶתהַדְּבָרִיםthe mattersוְהִזְכִּירָםand mentioned themבְּרֶמֶזwith an allusionמִפְּנֵיbecause ofכְבוֹדָןthe honorשֶׁלofיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelעי'seeספריSifrei:
רַשִׁ״י
אלToכלall ofישראל.Yisraelאִלּוּifהוֹכִיחַhe had reprovedמִקְצָתָן,some of themהָיוּwould haveאֵלּוּtheseשֶׁבַּשּׁוּקwho were in the streetאוֹמְרִיםsayingאַתֶּםyouהֱיִיתֶםwereשׁוֹמְעִיםhearingמִבֶּןfrom the son ofעַמְרָםAmramוְלֹאand did notהֲשִׁיבוֹתֶםanswerדָּבָרa wordמִכָּךְregarding thisוְכָךְ?and thatאִלּוּifהָיִינוּwe had beenשָׁםthereהָיִינוּwe would haveמְשִׁיבִיםansweredאוֹתוֹ,himלְכָךְthereforeכִּנְּסָםhe assembled themכֻּלָּםall of themוְאָמַרand saidלָהֶםto themהֲרֵיbeholdכֻּלְּכֶםall of you areכָּאן,hereכָּלanyמִיwhoשֶׁיֵּשׁthat hasלוֹto himתְשׁוּבָהan answerיָשִׁיבlet him answerספריSifrei:
רַשִׁ״י
במדבר.In the wildernessלֹאnotבַמִּדְבָּרin the wildernessהָיוּwere theyאֶלָּאbut ratherבְּעַרְבוֹתin the plains ofמוֹאָב,Moavוּמַהוּand what isבַּמִּדְבָּר?in the wildernessאֶלָּאbut ratherבִּשְׁבִילon account ofמַהthatשֶּׁהִכְעִיסוּהוּwhich they angered Himבַּמִּדְבָּרin the wildernessשֶׁאָמְרוּthat they saidשמותShemosט"ז16"מִיwouldיִתֵּןthatמוּתֵנוּwe had diedוְגוֹ'":etc
רַשִׁ״י
בערבה.In the plainבִּשְׁבִילon account ofהָעֲרָבָה,the plainשֶׁחָטְאוּthat they sinnedבְּבַעַלwith BaalפְּעוֹרPeorבְּשִּׁטִּיםin Shittimבְּעַרְבוֹתin the plains ofמוֹאָב:Moav
רַשִׁ״י
מולOppositeסוף.Suphעַלregardingמַהthat whichשֶּׁהִמְרוּthey rebelledבְיַםat the Sea ofסוּףReedsבְּבוֹאָםupon their arrivalלְיַםat the Sea ofסוּף,Reedsשֶׁאָמְרוּthat they saidשםthereי"ד14"הֲמִבְּלִיIs it becauseאֵיןthere are noקְבָרִיםgravesבְּמִצְרַיִם",in Mitzrayimוְכֵןand likewiseבְּנָסְעָםwhen they journeyedמִתּוֹךְfrom the midst ofהַיָּם,the seaשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is saidתהיליםTehillimק"ו106"וַיַּמְרוּand they rebelledעַלbyיָםthe seaבְּיַםat the Sea ofסוּף"Reedsכִּדְאִיתָאas it isבַּעֲרָכִיןin Arachinדףpageט"ו15:
רַשִׁ״י
ביןBetweenפארןParanוביןand betweenתפלTophelולבן.and LabanאָמַרsaidרַבִּיRabbiיוֹחָנָןYochananחָזַרְנוּwe went overעַלonכָּלall ofהַמִּקְרָאthe Scriptureוְלֹאand notמָצִינוּwe foundמָקוֹםa placeשֶׁשְּׁמוֹwhose name isתֹּפֶלTophelוְלָבָן,or Labanאֶלָּאratherהוֹכִיחָןhe rebuked themעַלforהַדְּבָרִיםthe wordsשֶׁתָּפְלוּthat they falsely castעַלuponהַמָּן,the Mannaשֶׁהוּאwhich isלָבָן,whiteשֶׁאָמְרוּthat they saidבמדברin Bamidbarכ"א21"וְנַפְשֵׁנוּand our soulקָצָהloathesבַּלֶּחֶםthe breadהַקְּלֹקֵל",the miserableוְעַלand forמַהwhatשֶּׁעָשׂוּthat they didבְמִדְבַּרin the wilderness ofפָּארָןParanעַלbyיְדֵיmeans ofהַמְרַגְּלִים:the spies
רַשִׁ״י
וחצרת.And Hazerothבְּמַחְלָקְתּוֹregarding the disputeשֶׁלofקֹרַח;KorahדָּבָרAnotherאַחֵרexplanationאָמַרHe saidלָהֶםto themהָיָהIt wasלָכֶםfor youלִלְמֹדto learnמִמַּהfrom whatשֶּׁעָשִׂיתִיI didלְמִרְיָםto Miriamבַּחֲצֵרוֹתat Hazerothבִּשְׁבִילbecause ofלָשׁוֹןslanderousהָרָע,speechוְאַתֶּםand youנִדְבַּרְתֶּםspokeבַּמָּקוֹם:against the Omnipresent
רַשִׁ״י
ודיAnd Diזהב.ZahabהוֹכִיחָןHe reproved themעַלon account ofהָעֵגֶלthe calfשֶׁעָשׂוּwhich they madeבִּשְׁבִילbecause ofרֹבthe abundance ofזָהָבgoldשֶׁהָיָהthat wasלָהֶם,to themשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is saidהושעHosheaב'two"וְכֶסֶףand silverהִרְבֵּיתִיI multipliedלָהּfor herוְזָהָבand goldעָשׂוּthey madeלַבָּעַל"for the Baalעי'seeספרי;SifreiברכותBerachotל"ב32:
פָּסוּק ב
Pasuk 2
אַחַדElevenעָשָׂר·יוֹםdaysמֵחֹרֵבfrom Chorevדֶּרֶךְby way ofהַרMountשֵׂעִירSeirעַדuntilקָדֵשׁKadeshבַּרְנֵעַ׃Barnea
רַשִׁ״י
אחדOneעשרtenיוםdaysמחרב.from Horebאָמַרsaidלָהֶםto themמֹשֶׁהMosheרְאוּseeמַהwhatגְּרַמְתֶּםyou causedאֵיןthere is noלָכֶםfor youדֶּרֶךְrouteקְצָרָהshortמֵחוֹרֵבfrom Horebלְקָדֵשׁto KadeshבַּרְנֵעַBarneaכְּדֶרֶךְlike the way ofהַרMountשֵׂעִיר,Seirוְאַףand evenהוּאitמַהֲלַךְa journey ofי"אelevenיוֹם,daysוְאַתֶּםand youהֲלַכְתֶּםtraversedאוֹתָהּitבִּשְׁלֹוֹשָׁהin threeיָמִיםdaysשֶׁהֲרֵיfor beholdבְּעֶשְׂרִיםon the twentiethבְּאִיָּרof Iyarנָסְעוּthey journeyedמֵחוֹרֵב,from Horebשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is saidבמדברBamidbarי'ten"וַיְהִיand it wasבַּשָּׁנָהin the yearהַשֵּׁנִיתthe secondבַּחֹדֶשׁin the monthהַשֵּׁנִיthe secondבְּעֶשְׂרִיםon the twentiethבַּחֹדֶשׁof the monthוְגוֹ'",etceteraוּבְכ"טand on twenty-ninthבְּסִיוָןof Sivanשָׁלְחוּthey sentאֶתהַמְרַגְּלִיםthe spiesמִקָּדֵשׁfrom KadeshבַּרְנֵעַBarneaתעניתTaanisכ"טtwenty-nine,צֵאdeductמֵהֶםfrom themל'thirtyיוֹםdaysשֶׁעָשׂוּthat they spentבְּקִבְרוֹתat KibrosהַתַּאֲוָהHataavahשֶׁאָכְלוּwhere they ateהַבָּשָׂרthe meatחֹדֶשׁa monthיָמִים,of daysוְשִׁבְעָהand sevenיָמִיםdaysשֶׁעָשׂוּthat they spentבַחֲצֵרוֹתat Hazerothלְהִסָּגֵרto be shut upשָׁםthereמִרְיָם,Miriamנִמְצָאit followsבִשְׁלוֹשָׁהin threeיָמִיםdaysהָלְכוּthey traversedכָּלall ofאוֹתוֹthatהַדֶּרֶךְwayוְכָלand allכָּךְthisהָיְתָהdidהַשְּׁכִינָהthe Shechinahמִתְלַבֶּטֶתexert itselfבִּשְׁבִילְכֶםfor your sakeלְמַהֵרto hastenבִּיאַתְכֶםyour comingלָאָרֶץ,to the landוּבִשְׁבִילbut becauseשֶׁקִּלְקַלְתֶּםyou became degenerateהֵסֵבHe made travelאֶתְכֶםyouסְבִיבוֹתaroundהַרMountשֵׂעִירSeirאַרְבָּעִיםfortyשָׁנָהyearsע'seeספריSifrei:
פָּסוּק ג
Pasuk 3
וַיְהִיAnd it wasבְּאַרְבָּעִיםin the fortiethשָׁנָהyearבְּעַשְׁתֵּיin the eleventhעָשָׂר·חֹדֶשׁmonthבְּאֶחָדon the firstלַחֹדֶשׁof the monthדִּבֶּרspokeמֹשֶׁהMosheאֶלtoבְּנֵיthe children ofיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelכְּכֹלaccording to allאֲשֶׁרthatצִוָּהcommandedיְהוָהHashemאֹתוֹhimאֲלֵהֶם׃to them
רַשִׁ״י
ויהיAnd it wasבארבעיםin the fortiethשנהyearבעשתיin the eleventhעשר·חדשmonthבאחדon the firstלחדש.of the monthמְלַמֵּדthis teachesשֶׁלֹּאthat notהוֹכִיחָןdid he reprove themאֶלָּאexceptסָמוּךְcloseלַמִּיתָה;to the deathמִמִּיfrom whomלָמַד?did he learnמִיַּעֲקֹב,from Yaakovשֶׁלֹּאwho did notהוֹכִיחַreproveאֶתבָּנָיוhis sonsאֶלָּאexceptסָמוּךְcloseלַמִּיתָה,to the deathאָמַר,he saidרְאוּבֵןReuvenבְּנִיmy sonאֲנִיIאוֹמֵרsayלְךָto youמִפְּנֵיbecause ofמָהwhatלֹאnotהוֹכַחְתִּיךָdid I reprove youכָּלallהַשָּׁנִיםthe yearsהַלָּלוּ,theseכְּדֵיso thatשֶׁלֹּאnotתַנִּיחֵנִיyou would leave meוְתֵלֵךְand goוְתִדְבַּקand clingבְּעֵשָׂוto Esavאָחִי;my brotherוּמִפְּנֵיand because ofאַרְבָּעָהfourדְּבָרִיםthingsאֵיןwe do notמוֹכִיחִיןreproveאֶתהָאָדָםa personאֶלָּאexceptסָמוּךְcloseלַמִּיתָה,to the deathכְּדֵיso thatשֶׁלֹּאnotיְהֵאhe will beמוֹכִיחוֹreproving himוְחוֹזֵרand returningוּמוֹכִיחוֹ,and reproving himוְשֶׁלֹּאand so that notיְהֵאwill beחֲבֵרוֹhis fellowרוֹאֵהוּseeing himוּמִתְבַּיֵּשׁand feeling ashamedמִמֶּנּוּ,before himכּוּ'etc.כִּדְאִיתָאas it isבְּסִפְרֵי.in Sifreiוְכֵןand soיְהוֹשֻׁעַYehoshuaלֹאdid notהוֹכִיחַreproveאֶתיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelאֶלָּאexceptסָמוּךְcloseלַמִּיתָה,to the deathוְכֵןand soשְׁמוּאֵלShmuelשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is saidשמואלShmuelאIי"ב12,"הִנְנִיhere I amעֲנוּtestifyבִי",against meוְכֵןand soדָּוִדDovidאֶתשְׁלֹמֹהShlomoבְנוֹhis sonמלכיםKingsאIב'2:
פָּסוּק ד
Pasuk 4
אַחֲרֵיafterהַכֹּתוֹhis defeatingאֵתסִיחֹןSichonמֶלֶךְking ofהָאֱמֹרִיthe Emoriאֲשֶׁרwhoיוֹשֵׁבdweltבְּחֶשְׁבּוֹןin Cheshbonוְאֵתand —עוֹגOgמֶלֶךְking ofהַבָּשָׁןthe Bashanאֲשֶׁרwhoיוֹשֵׁבdweltבְּעַשְׁתָּרֹתin Ashtarosבְּאֶדְרֶעִי׃in Edrei
רַשִׁ״י
אחריAfterהכתו.his smitingאָמַרsaidמֹשֶׁהMosheאִםIfאֲנִיIמוֹכִיחָםreprove themקֹדֶםbeforeשֶׁיִּכָּנְסוּthat they enterלִקְצֵהto the edge ofהָאָרֶץ,the landיֹאמְרוּthey will sayמַהwhatלָּזֶהhas this oneעָלֵינוּ?against usמַהwhatהֵיטִיבhas he benefitedלָנוּ?usאֵינוֹhe does notבָאcomeאֶלָּאexceptלְקַנְתֵּרto provokeוְלִמְצֹאand to findעִלָּה,a pretextשֶׁאֵיןthat there is notבּוֹin himכֹחַpowerלְהַכְנִיסֵנוּto bring us inלָאָרֶץ,to the landלְפִיכָךְThereforeהִמְתִּיןhe waitedעַדuntilשֶׁהִפִּילthat he cast downסִיחוֹןSichonוְעוֹגand Ogלִפְנֵיהֶםbefore themוְהוֹרִישָׁםand gave them inheritanceאֶתאַרְצָםtheir landוְאַחַרand afterכָּךְthatהוֹכִיחָןhe reproved themספריSifrei:
רַשִׁ״י
סיחןSihonאשרwhoיושבdweltבחשבון.in HeshbonאִלּוּifלֹאnotהָיָהwereסִיחוֹןSihonקָשֶׁהdifficultוְהָיָהand he wasשָׁרוּיdwellingבְּחֶשְׁבּוֹן,in Heshbonהָיָהit would beקָשָׁה,difficultשֶׁהַמְּדִינָהbecause the cityקָשָׁה,is difficultוְאִלּוּand ifהָיְתָהit wereעִירa cityאַחֶרֶתotherוְסִיחוֹןand Sihonשָׁרוּיdwellingבְּתוֹכָהּ,within itהָיְתָהit would beקָשָׁה,difficultשֶׁהַמֶּלֶךְbecause the kingקָשֶׁה,is difficultעַלuponאַחַתoneכַּמָּהhow muchוְכַמָּהand how muchשֶׁהַמֶּלֶךְwhen the kingקָשֶׁהis difficultוְהַמְּדִינָהand the cityקָשָׁהis difficultשםthere:
רַשִׁ״י
אשרwhoיושבdweltבעשתרת.at Ashtarothהַמֶּלֶךְthe kingקָשֶׁהwas difficultוְהַמְּדִינָהand the cityקָשָׁה:was difficult
רַשִׁ״י
עשתרת.Ashtarothהוּאit isלְשׁוֹןan expression ofצוּקִיןrocksוְקֹשִׁי,and hardnessכְּמוֹjust as"עַשְׁתְּרֹתAshtarothקַרְנַיִם"KarnaimבראשיתBereishisי"ד14וְעַשְׁתָּרוֹתand AshtarothזֶהthisהוּאisעַשְׁתְּרֹתAshtarothקַרְנַיִם,Karnaimשֶׁהָיוּwhere wereשָׁםthereרְפָאִיםRephaimשֶׁהִכָּהwhom smoteאַמְרָפֶל,Amraphelשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is saidשםthere"וַיַּכּוּand they smoteאֶתרְפָאִיםRephaimבְּעַשְׁתְּרֹתin Ashtarothקַרְנַיִם".Karnaimוְעוֹגand Ogנִמְלַטescapedמֵהֶם,from themוְהוּאand heשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרis of whom saidשםthere"וַיָּבֹאand cameהַפָּלִיט",the fugitiveוְאוֹמֵרand it saysדבריםDevarimג'3"כִּיforרַקonlyעוֹגOgמֶלֶךְking ofהַבָּשָׁןthe Bashanנִשְׁאַרremainedמִיֶּתֶרfrom the remnant ofהָרְפָאִים":the Rephaim
רַשִׁ״י
באדרעי.in Edreiשֵׁםthe name ofהַמַּלְכוּת:the kingdom
פָּסוּק ה
Pasuk 5
בְּעֵבֶרOn the side ofהַיַּרְדֵּןthe Jordanבְּאֶרֶץin the land ofמוֹאָבMoavהוֹאִילundertookמֹשֶׁהMosheבֵּאֵרto explainאֶתהַתּוֹרָהthe Torahהַזֹּאתthisלֵאמֹר׃saying
רַשִׁ״י
הואיל.he beganהִתְחִיל,he beganכְּמוֹjust asבראשיתBereishisי"ח18"הִנֵּהbeholdנָאnowהוֹאַלְתִּי"I have begunע'seeספריSifrei:
רַשִׁ״י
בארexplainedאתהתורה.the Torahבְּשִׁבְעִיםin seventyלָשׁוֹןlanguagesפֵּרְשָׁהּhe explained itלָהֶםto themתנחומא;Tanchumaע'70סוטהSotahל"ב32:
פָּסוּק ו
Pasuk 6
יְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵינוּour Godדִּבֶּרspokeאֵלֵינוּto usבְּחֹרֵבat Chorevלֵאמֹרsayingרַבmuchלָכֶםfor youשֶׁבֶתdwellingבָּהָרat mountainהַזֶּה׃this
רַשִׁ״י
רבMuchלכםfor youשבת.dwellingכִּפְשׁוּטוֹ;according to its plain senseוְיֵשׁand there isמִ"אַ,an Agadic explanationהִרְבָּהHe increasedלָכֶםfor youגְדֻלָּהgreatnessוְשָׂכָרand rewardעַלforיְשִׁיבַתְכֶםyour dwellingבָּהָרin the mountainהַזֶּהthisעֲשִׂיתֶםyou madeמִשְׁכָּן,a Mishkanמְנוֹרָה,a Menorahוְכֵלִים,and vesselsקִבַּלְתֶּםyou receivedתּוֹרָה,Torahמִנִּיתֶםyou appointedלָכֶםfor yourselvesסַנְהֶדְרִין,a Sanhedrinשָׂרֵיcaptains ofאֲלָפִיםthousandsוְשָׂרֵיand captains ofמֵאוֹתhundredsע'seeספריSifrei:
פָּסוּק ז
Pasuk 7
פְּנוּturnוּסְעוּand journeyלָכֶםfor yourselvesוּבֹאוּand comeהַרto the mountain ofהָאֱמֹרִיthe Emoriוְאֶלand toכָּלall ofשְׁכֵנָיוits neighborsבָּעֲרָבָהin the plainבָהָרin the mountainוּבַשְּׁפֵלָהand in the lowlandוּבַנֶּגֶבand in the southוּבְחוֹףand on the coast ofהַיָּםthe seaאֶרֶץthe land ofהַכְּנַעֲנִיthe Kenaaniוְהַלְּבָנוֹןand the Levanonעַדuntilהַנָּהָרthe riverהַגָּדֹלthe greatנְהַרthe river ofפְּרָת׃Peras
רַשִׁ״י
פנוTurnוסעוand journeyלכם.for yourselvesזוֹthis isדֶּרֶךְthe way ofעֲרָדAradוְחָרְמָה:and Hormah
רַשִׁ״י
ובאוAnd go toהרthe mountain ofהאמרי.the Emoriכְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ:according to its literal meaning
רַשִׁ״י
ואלand toכלall ofשכניו.its neighborsעַמּוֹןAmmonוּמוֹאָבand Moavוְהַרand Mountשֵׂעִיר:Seir
רַשִׁ״י
בערבה.In the plainזֶהthis isמִישׁוֹרthe plainשֶׁלofיַעַר:the forest
רַשִׁ״י
בהר.In the mountainזֶהthis isהַרthe mountain ofהַמֶּלֶךְ:the King
רַשִׁ״י
ובשפלה.And in the low landזוֹthis isשְׁפֵלַתthe low land ofדָּרוֹם:the south
רַשִׁ״י
ובנגבand in the southובחוףand by the coast ofהים.the seaאַשְׁקְלוֹןAshkelonוְעַזָּהand Gazaוְקֵיסָרִיand Caesareaוְכוּ'etc.כִּדְאִיתָאas it isבְּסִפְרֵי:in Sifrei
רַשִׁ״י
עדUntilהנהרthe riverהגדל.the greatמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁנִּזְכָּרthat it is mentionedעִםwithאֶרֶץthe Land ofיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelקוֹרְאוֹit calls itגָּדוֹל,greatמְשַׁלa proverb ofהֶדְיוֹטa commonerאוֹמֵרsays"עֶבֶד"a servant ofמֶלֶךְa kingמֶלֶךְ",is a king""הִדַּבֵּק"clingלַשַּׁחֲוָרto a captainוְיִשְׁתַּחֲווּand they will bowלְךָ",to you"״קְרַב"draw nearלְגַבֵּיtoדְהִינָאan anointed oneוְאִדַּהֵן"and be anointed"שבועותShevuosמ"ז47:
פָּסוּק ח
Pasuk 8
רְאֵהseeנָתַתִּיI have placedלִפְנֵיכֶםbefore youאֶתהָאָרֶץthe landבֹּאוּgo inוּרְשׁוּand possessאֶתהָאָרֶץthe landאֲשֶׁרthatנִשְׁבַּעsworeיְהוָהHashemלַאֲבֹתֵיכֶםto your fathersלְאַבְרָהָםto Avrahamלְיִצְחָקto Yitzchakוּלְיַעֲקֹבand to Yaakovלָתֵתto giveלָהֶםto themוּלְזַרְעָםand to their seedאַחֲרֵיהֶם׃after them
רַשִׁ״י
ראהSeeנתתי.I have givenבְּעֵינֵיכֶםwith your eyesאַתֶּםyouרוֹאִים,seeאֵינִיI do notאוֹמֵרsayלָכֶםto youמֵאֹמֶדfrom conjectureוּמִשְּׁמוּעָהand from hearsayספריSifrei:
רַשִׁ״י
באוGo inורשו.and possessאֵיןthere is noמְעַרְעֵרchallengerבַּדָּבָר,in the matterוְאֵינְכֶםand you are notצְרִיכִיםneedingלְמִלְחָמָה,warאִלּוּifלֹאnotשָׁלְחוּthey had sentמְרַגְּלִיםspiesלֹאnotהָיוּthey would have beenצְרִיכִיםneedingלִכְלֵיweapons ofזַיִןwarע'seeשםthere:
רַשִׁ״י
לאבתיכם.To your fathersלָמָּהwhyהִזְכִּירdid He mentionשׁוּבagainלְאַבְרָהָםto Avrahamלְיִצְחָקto Yitzchakוּלְיַעֲקֹב?and to YaakovאֶלָּאbutאַבְרָהָםAvrahamכְּדַאיis sufficientלְעַצְמוֹ,by himselfיִצְחָקYitzchakכְּדַאיis sufficientלְעַצְמוֹ,by himselfיַעֲקֹבYaakovכְּדַאיis sufficientלְעַצְמוֹby himselfשםthere:
פָּסוּק ט
Pasuk 9
וָאֹמַרAnd I saidאֲלֵכֶםto youבָּעֵתat the timeהַהִואthatלֵאמֹרsayingלֹאnotאוּכַלwill I be ableלְבַדִּיby myselfשְׂאֵתto bearאֶתְכֶם׃you
רַשִׁ״י
ואמרAnd I saidאלכםto youבעתat the timeההואthatלאמר.sayingמַהוּwhat isלֵאמֹר?sayingאָמַרsaidלָהֶםto themמֹשֶׁהMosheלֹאnotמֵעַצְמִיfrom myselfאֲנִיdo Iאוֹמֵרsayלָכֶם,to youאֶלָּאbutמִפִּיfrom the mouth ofהַקָּבָּ"הthe Holy One blessed be Heשםthere:
רַשִׁ״י
לאNotאוכלam I ableלבדיby myselfוגו'.etc.אֶפְשָׁרIs it possibleשֶׁלֹּאthat notהָיָהwasמֹשֶׁהMosheיָכוֹלableלָדוּןto judgeאֶתיִשְׂרָאֵל?YisraelאָדָםA manשֶׁהוֹצִיאָםwho brought them outמִמִּצְרַיִם,from Mitzrayimוְקָרַעand splitלָהֶםfor themאֶתהַיָּם,the seaוְהוֹרִידand brought downאֶתהַמָּן,the Mannaוְהֵגִיזand gatheredהַשְּׂלָו,the quailלֹאnotהָיָהwasיָכוֹלableלְדוּנָם?to judge themאֶלָּאratherכָּךְthusאָמַרhe saidלָהֶם,to themה'Hashemאלהיכםyour Godהרבהhas multipliedאתכםyouהִגְדִּילHe made greatוְהֵרִיםand elevatedאֶתְכֶםyouעַלaboveדַּיָּנֵיכֶם,your judgesנָטַלHe tookאֶתהָעֹנֶשׁthe punishmentמִכֶּםfrom youוּנְתָנוֹand placed itעַלuponהַדַּיָּנִין;the judgesוְכֵןand soאָמַרsaidשְׁלֹמֹהShlomoמלכיםMelachimאIג'3"כִּיForמִיwhoיוּכַלcanלִשְׁפֹּטjudgeאֶתעַמְּךָYour peopleהַכָּבֵדthe heavyהַזֶּה";thisאֶפְשָׁרIs it possibleמִיheשֶׁכָּתוּבof whom it is writtenבּוֹconcerning himשםthereה'5"וַיֶּחְכַּםAnd he was wiserמִכָּלthan allהָאָדָם",menאוֹמֵרsaysמִיwhoיוּכַלcanלִשְׁפֹּט?judgeאֶלָּאratherכָּךְthusאָמַרsaidשְׁלֹמֹה,ShlomoאֵיןAre notדַּיָּנֵיthe judges ofאֻמָּהnationזוֹthisכְדַיָּנֵיlike the judges ofשְׁאָרthe rest ofהָאֻמּוֹת,the nationsשֶׁאִםfor ifדָּןhe judgesוְהוֹרֵגand killsוּמַכֶּהand strikesוְחוֹנֵקand stranglesוּמַטֶּהand pervertsאֶתדִּינוֹhis judgmentוְגוֹזֵלand robsאֵיןthere is notבְּכָךְin thisכְּלוּם,anythingאֲנִיIאִםifחִיַּבְתִּיI obligatedמָמוֹןmoneyשֶׁלֹּאnotכַדִּין,according to lawנְפָשׁוֹתlivesאֲנִיIנִתְבָּע,am held accountableשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is saidמשליMishleiכ"ב22"וְקָבַעand He robsאֶתקֹבְעֵיהֶםthose who rob themנָפֶשׁ"of lifeספרי;SifreiסנהדריןSanhedrinז'7a:
פָּסוּק י
Pasuk 10
יְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵיכֶםyour Godהִרְבָּהhas multipliedאֶתְכֶם— youוְהִנְּכֶםand behold you areהַיּוֹםtodayכְּכוֹכְבֵיlike the stars ofהַשָּׁמַיִםthe heavensלָרֹב׃for multitude
רַשִׁ״י
והנכםAnd behold youהיוםtodayככוכביlike the stars ofהשמים.the heavensוְכִיAnd is it thatכְכוֹכְבֵיlike the stars ofהַשָּׁמַיִםthe heavensהָיוּthey wereבְּאוֹתוֹon thatהַיּוֹם,dayוַהֲלֹאbut beholdלֹאnotהָיוּthey wereאֶלָּאbutשִׁשִּׁיםsixtyרִבּוֹא,myriadמַהוּwhat isוְהִנְּכֶםand behold youהַיּוֹם?todayהִנְּכֶםbehold youמְשׁוּלִיםare comparedכַּיּוֹםto the dayקַיָּמִיםexistingלְעוֹלָםforeverכַּחַמָּהlike the sunוְכַלְּבָנָהand like the moonוְכַכּוֹכָבִיםand like the starsעי'seeספריSifrei:
Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם

The aliyah traces the beginning of Moshe Rabbeinu's rebuke to Klal Yisrael, delivered in the wilderness of Moav in the fortieth year. Moshe recounts the divine command to leave Chorev and possess the land of the Canaanites up to the Euphrates River, emphasizing the oath Hashem made to the Avos. Finally, Moshe recalls the immense growth of the nation, which led him to declare that he could not carry the burden of leadership and judgment by himself.

לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home

In the opening of Sefer Devarim, Moshe Rabbeinu gathers all of Klal Yisrael to speak to them before his passing. Rashi famously explains that the long list of places mentioned in the first verse, the wilderness, the Arabah, Suph, Paran, Tophel, Laban, Hazeroth, and Di-zahab, are not just geographical locations. Rather, they are hints to the various times and places where the Jewish people stumbled and complained against Hashem. Out of his deep love and respect for the nation, Moshe did not openly shame them. Instead, he chose to mention only the names of the places, hinting at their mistakes so they would understand the rebuke privately, preserving their dignity.

This teaches us a profound lesson in how we must treat one another, especially when we feel the need to correct a child, a spouse, or a friend. It is so easy to point out mistakes bluntly, but the Torah's way is the way of sensitivity. Moshe Rabbeinu shows us that the goal of rebuke is never to make someone feel small or embarrassed; the goal is to help them grow. When we speak with gentleness and use subtle hints rather than harsh, direct accusations, we protect the other person's self-respect, making it much easier for them to truly hear the message and improve.

Today, if you need to correct someone or point out a mistake, pause before you speak. Instead of bringing it up directly and causing them embarrassment, find a gentle, indirect way to hint at the issue, or speak to them privately with the utmost sensitivity to their feelings.

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י — דברים · רִאשׁוֹן