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חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · PARSHAS HASHAVUAחוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · PARSHAS HASHAVUA

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · כי תבוא · רִאשׁוֹן

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Ki Tavo · 1st Aliyah
Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה

In this first aliyah of Parshas Ki Tavo, the Torah introduces us to the beautiful mitzvah of Bikkurim, the first fruits. When a Yid enters Eretz Yisrael, inherits the land, and settles it, he is commanded to show his hakaras hatov to Hashem by taking the very first of his fruits, placing them in a basket, and bringing them to the Beis HaMikdash.

This aliyah outlines the entire process of this holy avodah, from the moment the basket is handed over to the Kohen, to the special declaration the bringer must recite. This declaration, known as Mikra Bikkurim, recounts our history from the time of Lavan the Aramean and the galus in Mitzrayim, through the miracles of the Geulah, and finally to our arrival in the land flowing with milk and honey.

All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.
פָּסוּק א
Pasuk 1
וְהָיָהAnd it shall beכִּיwhenתָבוֹאyou enterאֶלintoהָאָרֶץthe landאֲשֶׁרthatיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godנֹתֵןis givingלְךָto youנַחֲלָהas an inheritanceוִירִשְׁתָּהּand you possess itוְיָשַׁבְתָּand you dwellבָּהּ׃in it
רַשִׁ״י
והיהAnd it shall beכיwhenתבואyou comeוירשתהand you possess itוישבתand you settleבה.thereinמַגִּידThis tellsשֶׁלֹּאthat they did notנִתְחַיְּבוּbecome obligatedבְּבִכּוּרִיםin first fruitsעַדuntilשֶׁכָּבְשׁוּthat they conqueredאֶתהָאָרֶץthe landוְחִלְּקוּהָand divided itעי'seeקידושיןKiddushinל"ז37ע"בb:
פָּסוּק ב
Pasuk 2
וְלָקַחְתָּand you shall takeמֵרֵאשִׁיתfrom the firstכָּלof allפְּרִיthe fruit ofהָאֲדָמָהthe groundאֲשֶׁרthatתָּבִיאyou shall bringמֵאַרְצְךָfrom your landאֲשֶׁרthatיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godנֹתֵןis givingלָךְto youוְשַׂמְתָּand you shall putבַטֶּנֶאin the basketוְהָלַכְתָּand you shall goאֶלtoהַמָּקוֹםthe placeאֲשֶׁרthatיִבְחַרwill chooseיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godלְשַׁכֵּןto establishשְׁמוֹHis nameשָׁם׃there
רַשִׁ״י
מראשית.Of the firstוְלֹאand notכָלallרֵאשִׁית,the firstשֶׁאֵיןfor notכָּלallהַפֵּרוֹתthe fruitsחַיָּבִיםare obligatedבְּבִכּוּרִיםin first-fruitsאֶלָּאbut onlyשִׁבְעַתthe sevenהַמִּינִיןspeciesבִּלְבַד,aloneנֶאֱמַרit is saidכָּאןhere"אֶרֶץ"landוְנֶאֱמַרand it is saidלְהַלָּןthereדבריםDevarimח'chapter 8"אֶרֶץa land ofחִטָּהwheatוּשְׂעֹרָהand barleyוְגוֹ'",etc.מַהjust asלְּהַלָּןthereמִשִׁבְעַתfrom the sevenהַמִּינִיםspeciesשֶׁנִּשְׁתַּבְּחָהthat was praisedבָהֶןwith themאֶרֶץthe land ofיִשְׂרָאֵל,Yisraelאַףsoכָּאןhereשֶׁבַחthe praise ofאֶרֶץthe land ofיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelשֶׁהֵןwhich areשִׁבְעַתthe sevenמִינִיןspeciesספרי;SifreiמנחותMenachotפ"ד84b:
רַשִׁ״י
זיתOliveשמן.of oilזַיִתan oliveאֱגוֹרִי,Agariשֶׁשַּׁמְנוֹthat its oilאָגוּרis gatheredבְּתוֹכוֹwithin itספרי;SifreiברכותBerachosל"ט39:
רַשִׁ״י
ודבש.And honeyהוּאitדְּבַשׁis honey ofתְּמָרִיםdatesספריSifrei:
רַשִׁ״י
מראשית.From the firstאָדָםa manיוֹרֵדgoes downלְתוֹךְintoשָׂדֵהוּhis fieldוְרוֹאֶהand seesתְאֵנָהa figשֶׁבִּכְּרָה,that has ripenedכוֹרֵךְhe bindsעָלֶיהָupon itגְּמִיreedלְסִימָןfor a signוְאוֹמֵרand says"הֲרֵיBeholdזוֹthis isבִכּוּרִים"bikkurimספרי;SifreiבכוריםBikkurimג'chapter three:
פָּסוּק ג
Pasuk 3
וּבָאתָAnd you shall comeאֶלtoהַכֹּהֵןthe Kohenאֲשֶׁרwhoיִהְיֶהwill beבַּיָּמִיםin the daysהָהֵםthoseוְאָמַרְתָּand you shall sayאֵלָיוto himהִגַּדְתִּיI declareהַיּוֹםtodayלַיהוָהto Hashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour GodכִּיthatבָאתִיI have comeאֶלtoהָאָרֶץthe landאֲשֶׁרwhichנִשְׁבַּעsworeיְהוָהHashemלַאֲבֹתֵינוּto our fathersלָתֶתto giveלָנוּ׃to us
רַשִׁ״י
אשרthatיהיהshall beבימיםin the daysההם.thoseאֵיןthere is notלְךָto youאֶלָּאbutכֹּהֵןthe Kohenשֶׁבְּיָמֶיךָwho is in your daysכְּמוֹasשֶׁהוּאit isראשRoshהשנהHashanahכ"ה25b:
רַשִׁ״י
ואמרתand you shall sayאליו.to himשֶׁאֵינְךָthat you are notכְּפוּיungrateful ofטוֹבָה:goodness
רַשִׁ״י
הגדתיI have declaredהיום.todayפַּעַםtimeאַחַתoneבַּשָּׁנָהin the yearוְלֹאand notשְׁתֵּיtwoפְעָמִיםtimesספריSifrei:
פָּסוּק ד
Pasuk 4
וְלָקַחAnd shall takeהַכֹּהֵןthe Kohenהַטֶּנֶאthe basketמִיָּדֶךָfrom your handוְהִנִּיחוֹand place itלִפְנֵיbeforeמִזְבַּחthe altar ofיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָ׃your God
רַשִׁ״י
ולקחAnd shall takeהכהןthe priestהטנאthe basketמידך.from your handלְהָנִיףto waveאוֹתוֹ,itכֹּהֵןa priestמַנִיחַplacesיָדוֹhis handתַּחַתbeneathיַדthe hand ofהַבְּעָלִיםthe ownerוּמֵנִיףand wavesסוכהSukkahמ"ז47:
פָּסוּק ה
Pasuk 5
וְעָנִיתָAnd you shall call outוְאָמַרְתָּand you shall sayלִפְנֵיbeforeיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour GodאֲרַמִּיAn Arameanאֹבֵדdestroyedאָבִיmy fatherוַיֵּרֶדand he went downמִצְרַיְמָהto Mitzrayimוַיָּגָרand he sojournedשָׁםthereבִּמְתֵיwith peopleמְעָטfewוַיְהִיand he becameשָׁםthereלְגוֹיinto a nationגָּדוֹלgreatעָצוּםmightyוָרָב׃and numerous
רַשִׁ״י
וענית.And you shall answerלְשׁוֹןis an expression ofהֲרָמַתraisingקוֹלvoiceסוטהSotahל"ב32:
רַשִׁ״י
ארמיan Arameanאבדdestroyedאבי.my fatherמַזְכִּירhe mentionsחַסְדֵיthe kindnesses ofהַמָּקוֹם,the Omnipresentאֲרַמִּיan Arameanאֹבֵדdestroyedאָבִיmy fatherלָבָןLavanבִּקֵּשׁsoughtלַעֲקֹרto uprootאֶתהַכֹּלeverythingכְּשֶׁרָדַףwhen he pursuedאַחַרafterיַעֲקֹב,Yaakovוּבִשְׁבִילand becauseשֶׁחָשַׁבthat he plannedלַעֲשׂוֹתto doחָשַׁבreckonedלוֹto himהַמָּקוֹםthe Omnipresentכְּאִלּוּas ifעָשָׂה,he didשֶׁאֻמּוֹתfor nations ofהָעוֹלָםthe worldחוֹשֵׁבreckonsלָהֶםto themהַקָּבָּ"הthe Holy Oneמַחֲשָׁבָהthoughtכְּמַעֲשֶׂהlike actionעי'seeספריSifrei:
רַשִׁ״י
וירדAnd he went downמצרימה.to Mitzrayimוְעוֹדand furthermoreאֲחֵרִיםothersבָּאוּcameעָלֵינוּagainst usלְכַלּוֹתֵנוּ,to destroy usשֶׁאַחֲרֵיfor afterזֹאתthisיָרַדwent downיַעֲקֹבYaakovלְמִצְרַיִם:to Mitzrayim
רַשִׁ״י
במתיwith people ofמעט.fewבְּשִׁבְעִיםwith seventyנֶפֶשׁsoulספריSifrei:
פָּסוּק ו
Pasuk 6
וַיָּרֵעוּAnd they dealt-harshlyאֹתָנוּwith usהַמִּצְרִיםthe Egyptiansוַיְעַנּוּנוּand they afflicted usוַיִּתְּנוּand they imposedעָלֵינוּupon usעֲבֹדָהlaborקָשָׁה׃hard
פָּסוּק ז
Pasuk 7
וַנִּצְעַקAnd we cried outאֶלtoיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵיthe God ofאֲבֹתֵינוּour fathersוַיִּשְׁמַעand He heardיְהוָהHashemאֶתקֹלֵנוּour voiceוַיַּרְאand He sawאֶתעָנְיֵנוּour afflictionוְאֶתand —עֲמָלֵנוּour laborוְאֶתand —לַחֲצֵנוּ׃our oppression
פָּסוּק ח
Pasuk 8
וַיּוֹצִאֵנוּAnd He brought us outיְהוָהHashemמִמִּצְרַיִםfrom Mitzrayimבְּיָדwith a handחֲזָקָהstrongוּבִזְרֹעַand with an armנְטוּיָהoutstretchedוּבְמֹרָאand with terrorגָּדֹלgreatוּבְאֹתוֹתand with signsוּבְמֹפְתִים׃and with wonders
פָּסוּק ט
Pasuk 9
וַיְבִאֵנוּAnd He brought usאֶלtoהַמָּקוֹםthe placeהַזֶּהthisוַיִּתֶּןand He gaveלָנוּto usאֶתהָאָרֶץthe landהַזֹּאתthisאֶרֶץa landזָבַתflowing withחָלָבmilkוּדְבָשׁ׃and honey
רַשִׁ״י
אלuntoהמקוםthe placeהזה.thisזֶהthisבֵּיתthe House ofהַמִּקְדָּשׁ:the Sanctuary
רַשִׁ״י
ויתןand He gaveלנוto usאתהארץ.the landכְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ:according to its literal meaning
פָּסוּק י
Pasuk 10
וְעַתָּהAnd nowהִנֵּהbeholdהֵבֵאתִיI have broughtאֶתרֵאשִׁיתthe first ofפְּרִיthe fruit ofהָאֲדָמָהthe groundאֲשֶׁרwhichנָתַתָּהYou have givenלִּיto meיְהוָהHashemוְהִנַּחְתּוֹand you shall place itלִפְנֵיbeforeיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godוְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתָand you shall prostrateלִפְנֵיbeforeיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָ׃your God
רַשִׁ״י
והנחתו.And you shall place itמַגִּידthis teachesשֶׁנּוֹטְלוֹthat he takes itאַחַרafterהֲנָפַתthe waving ofהַכֹּהֵןthe Kohenוְאוֹחֲזוֹand holds itבְיָדוֹin his handכְּשֶׁהוּאwhile heקוֹרֵאreadsוְחוֹזֵרand returnsוּמֵנִיףand wavesספרי;SifreiסוכהSukkahמ"ז47:
פָּסוּק יא
Pasuk 11
וְשָׂמַחְתָּAnd you shall rejoiceבְכָלin allהַטּוֹבthe goodאֲשֶׁרthatנָתַןhas givenלְךָto youיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godוּלְבֵיתֶךָand to your householdאַתָּהyouוְהַלֵּוִיand the Leviteוְהַגֵּרand the strangerאֲשֶׁרwho isבְּקִרְבֶּךָ׃in your midst
רַשִׁ״י
ושמחתAnd you shall rejoiceבכלin allהטוב.the goodמִכָּאןFrom hereאָמְרוּthey saidאֵיןwe do notקוֹרִיןreciteמִקְרָאthe declaration ofבִכּוּרִיםfirst fruitsאֶלָּאexceptבִזְמַןat a time ofשִׂמְחָה,joyמֵעֲצֶרֶתfrom Shavuosוְעַדand untilהֶחָג,the Festivalשֶׁאָדָםwhen a personמְלַקֵּטgathersתְּבוּאָתוֹhis grainוּפֵרוֹתָיוand his fruitsוְיֵינוֹand his wineוְשַׁמְנוֹ,and his oilאֲבָלbutמֵהֶחָגfrom the Festivalוָאֵילָךְand onwardמֵבִיאhe bringsוְאֵינוֹand he does notקוֹרֵאreciteפסחיםPesachimל"ו36:
רַשִׁ״י
אתהyouוהלוי.and the Leviteאַףevenהַלֵּוִיthe Leviteחַיָּבis obligatedבְּבִכּוּרִיםin first-fruitsאִםifנָטְעוּthey plantedבְּתוֹךְwithinעָרֵיהֶם:their cities
רַשִׁ״י
והגרAnd the strangerאשרwhoבקרבך.is in your midstמֵבִיאbringsוְאֵינוֹbut does notקוֹרֵא,reciteשֶׁאֵינוֹsince he is notיָכוֹלableלוֹמַרto sayלַאֲבוֹתֵינוּto our fathersתלמודTalmudירושלמיYerushalmiמ"שMaaser Sheniפ"הchapter fiveה"הhalacha five:
Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם

The aliyah begins with the obligation to bring the first fruits to the Beis HaMikdash once the land is settled, where the bringer presents them to the Kohen and declares his gratitude to Hashem. The Kohen then places the basket before the Mizbeach, and the bringer recites the Mikra Bikkurim, detailing how Hashem saved us from Lavan and the Mitzrim, redeemed us with a strong hand, and brought us to Eretz Yisrael. Finally, the bringer bows before Hashem, leaves the fruits, and is commanded to rejoice in all the goodness Hashem has given him, together with his household, the Levi, and the ger.

לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home

The parsha of Bikkurim is coming to teach us a massive yesod in our avodas Hashem. Lichoira, when a Yid finally enters Eretz Yisrael, works the land, and sees the very first fruits of his hard labor, the natural reaction is to feel a sense of personal accomplishment. Yet, the Torah tells us that davka at this moment of success, we must pack up those first fruits in a basket, travel to the Beis HaMikdash, and declare our entire history out loud, from Lavan trying to destroy Yaakov Avinu down to the slavery in Mitzrayim and the miracles of the Geulah. Why is this long historical declaration necessary just to bring some fruit?

The chiddush here is that we cannot truly appreciate our present blessings without remembering where we came from and who brought us here. By tracing our roots back to the hardships of our ancestors, we realize that our current success is not the result of our own strength or cleverness. Mimeila, when you look at your own life and see the 'first fruits' of your efforts, whether in parnassah, shalom bayis, or raising children, the yetzer hara wants you to think that you did it all yourself. The Torah is teaching us that the only way to keep our success holy is to trace it directly back to Hashem's kindness.

This is why the parsha ends with the mitzvah of 'v'samachta b'chol hatov', you shall rejoice in all the good. True simchah in life only comes when we live with the emunah that everything we have is a direct gift from Hashem. When we stop taking our blessings for granted and recognize the Yad Hashem in our daily lives, our physical achievements are elevated into a beautiful avodah.

Today, take a moment to look at one specific area of success or comfort in your life. Instead of taking it for granted, verbally acknowledge it to Hashem, saying out loud: 'Hashem, thank You for giving me this, I know it is entirely from You.'

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י — כי תבוא · רִאשׁוֹן