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חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · PARSHAS HASHAVUAחוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · PARSHAS HASHAVUA

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · נצבים-וילך · שְׁבִיעִי

Complete Word-for-Word Interlinear · Navy & Gold Edition
Nitzavim-Vayeilech · 7th Aliyah
Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה

In this aliyah, we find Moshe Rabbeinu preparing the Bnei Yisrael for the future, warning them about what will happen after they enter the land of Eretz Yisrael. Hashem foretells that the people will eat, grow fat, and chas v'shalom turn to other gods, which will bring many tzaros upon them. To stand as a perpetual witness for future generations, Moshe writes down the Shira of Ha'azinu and teaches it to the Bnei Yisrael.

We also see the handoff of leadership as Yehoshua is given chizuk to be strong and courageous in leading the nation. Moshe then finishes writing the entire Sefer Torah and commands the Levi'im to place it next to the Aron HaKodesh, where it will remain as an eternal witness.

All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.
פָּסוּק א
Pasuk 1
כִּיWhenאֲבִיאֶנּוּI shall bring themאֶלtoהָאֲדָמָהthe landאֲשֶׁרwhichנִשְׁבַּעְתִּיI sworeלַאֲבֹתָיוto their fathersזָבַתflowing withחָלָבmilkוּדְבַשׁand honeyוְאָכַלand they shall eatוְשָׂבַעand be satisfiedוְדָשֵׁןand grow fatוּפָנָהand they will turnאֶלtoאֱלֹהִיםgodsאֲחֵרִיםotherוַעֲבָדוּםand serve themוְנִאֲצוּנִיand provoke Meוְהֵפֵרand breakאֶתבְּרִיתִי׃My covenant
רַשִׁ״י
ונאצוני.and they will provoke Meוְהִכְעִיסוּנִי,and they will anger Meוְכֵןand soכָּלeveryנִאוּץprovocationלְשׁוֹןis an expression ofכַּעַס:anger
פָּסוּק ב
Pasuk 2
וְהָיָהAnd it shall beכִּיwhenתִמְצֶאןָbefallאֹתוֹhimרָעוֹתevilsרַבּוֹתmanyוְצָרוֹתand troublesוְעָנְתָהthen shall testifyהַשִּׁירָהthe songהַזֹּאתthisלְפָנָיוbefore himלְעֵדas a witnessכִּיforלֹאnotתִשָּׁכַחwill it be forgottenמִפִּיfrom the mouth ofזַרְעוֹhis offspringכִּיforיָדַעְתִּיI knowאֶתיִצְרוֹhis inclinationאֲשֶׁרwhichהוּאheעֹשֶׂהdevisesהַיּוֹםtodayבְּטֶרֶםbeforeאֲבִיאֶנּוּI bring himאֶלtoהָאָרֶץthe landאֲשֶׁרwhichנִשְׁבָּעְתִּי׃I swore
רַשִׁ״י
וענתהand shall testifyהשירהthe songהזאתthisלפניוbefore himלעד.as a witnessשֶׁהִתְרֵיתִיthat I warnedבוֹhimבְתוֹכָהּwithin itעַלconcerningכָּלallהַמּוֹצְאוֹתthe occurrencesאוֹתוֹ:befalling him
רַשִׁ״י
כיForלאnotתשכחit shall be forgottenמפיfrom the mouth ofזרעו.his seedהֲרֵיbeholdזוֹthisהַבְטָחָהis an assuranceלְיִשְׂרָאֵלto Yisraelשֶׁאֵיןthat notתּוֹרָהthe Torahמִשְׁתַּכַּחַתwill be forgottenמִזַּרְעָםfrom their seedלְגַמְרֵי:completely
פָּסוּק ג
Pasuk 3
וַיִּכְתֹּבAnd wroteמֹשֶׁהMosheאֶתהַשִּׁירָהthe songהַזֹּאתthisבַּיּוֹםon the dayהַהוּאthatוַיְלַמְּדָהּand he taught itאֶתבְּנֵיthe children ofיִשְׂרָאֵל׃Yisrael
פָּסוּק ד
Pasuk 4
וַיְצַוAnd He commandedאֶתיְהוֹשֻׁעַYehoshuaבִּןson ofנוּןNunוַיֹּאמֶרand He saidחֲזַקbe strongוֶאֱמָץand be courageousכִּיforאַתָּהyouתָּבִיאshall bringאֶתבְּנֵיthe children ofיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelאֶלtoהָאָרֶץthe landאֲשֶׁרthatנִשְׁבַּעְתִּיI sworeלָהֶםto themוְאָנֹכִיand Iאֶהְיֶהwill beעִמָּךְ׃with you
רַשִׁ״י
ויצוAnd He commandedאתיהושעYehoshuaבןthe son ofנון.Nunמוּסָבis directedלְמַעְלָהaboveכְּלַפֵּיtowardsשְׁכִינָה,the Shechinahכְּמוֹasשֶׁמְּפֹרָשׁis explained"אֶל"toהָאָרֶץthe landאֲשֶׁרwhichנִשְׁבַּעְתִּיI sworeלָהֶם":to them"
פָּסוּק ה
Pasuk 5
וַיְהִיAnd it wasכְּכַלּוֹתwhen finishingמֹשֶׁהMosheלִכְתֹּבto writeאֶתדִּבְרֵיthe words ofהַתּוֹרָהthis Torahהַזֹּאתtheעַלuponסֵפֶרa bookעַדuntilתֻּמָּם׃their completion
פָּסוּק ו
Pasuk 6
וַיְצַוAnd commandedמֹשֶׁהMosheאֶתהַלְוִיִּםthe Levitesנֹשְׂאֵיthe bearers ofאֲרוֹןthe Ark ofבְּרִיתthe Covenant ofיְהוָהHashemלֵאמֹר׃saying
פָּסוּק ז
Pasuk 7
לָקֹחַTakeאֵתסֵפֶרthe book ofהַתּוֹרָהthe Torahהַזֶּהthisוְשַׂמְתֶּםand you shall placeאֹתוֹitמִצַּדat the side ofאֲרוֹןthe Ark ofבְּרִיתthe covenant ofיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵיכֶםyour Godוְהָיָהand it shall beשָׁםthereבְּךָagainst youלְעֵד׃as a witness
רַשִׁ״י
לקח.Takeכְּמוֹis likeזָכוֹרrememberשמותShemosכ'chapter 20שָׁמוֹרsafeguardדבריםDevarimה'chapter 5,הָלוֹךְgoירמיהוYirmeyahuב'chapter 2:
רַשִׁ״י
מצדAt the side ofארוןthe Ark ofבריתthe Covenant ofה'.Hashemנֶחְלְקוּdifferedבוֹabout itחַכְמֵיthe Sages ofיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelבְּבָבָאin BavaבָּתְרָאBatraדףpageי"ד14,יֵשׁThere areמֵהֶםof themאוֹמְרִיםwho sayדַּףa boardהָיָהwasבוֹלֵטprojectingמִןfromהָאָרוֹןthe Arkמִבַּחוּץon the outsideוְשָׁםand thereהָיָהit wasמֻנָּח,placedוְיֵשׁand there areאוֹמְרִיםwho sayמִצַּדat the side ofהַלּוּחוֹתthe Tabletsהָיָהit wasמֻנָּחplacedבְּתוֹךְinsideהָאָרוֹן:the Ark
פָּסוּק ח
Pasuk 8
כִּיforאָנֹכִיIיָדַעְתִּיknowאֶתמֶרְיְךָyour rebellionוְאֶתand —עָרְפְּךָyour neckהַקָּשֶׁהstiffהֵןbeholdבְּעוֹדֶנִּיwhile I am stillחַיaliveעִמָּכֶםwith youהַיּוֹםtodayמַמְרִיםrebelliousהֱיִתֶםyou have beenעִםwithיְהֹוָהHashemוְאַףand surelyכִּיhow much moreאַחֲרֵיafterמוֹתִי׃my death
פָּסוּק ט
Pasuk 9
הַקְהִילוּGatherאֵלַיto meאֶתכָּלall ofזִקְנֵיthe elders ofשִׁבְטֵיכֶםyour tribesוְשֹׁטְרֵיכֶםand your officersוַאֲדַבְּרָהand I will speakבְאָזְנֵיהֶםin their earsאֵתהַדְּבָרִיםthe wordsהָאֵלֶּהtheseוְאָעִידָהand I will call to witnessבָּםagainst themאֶתהַשָּׁמַיִםthe heavensוְאֶתand —הָאָרֶץ׃the earth
רַשִׁ״י
הקהילוAssembleאלי.unto meוְלֹאand notתָקְעוּdid they blowאוֹתוֹthatהַיּוֹםdayבַּחֲצוֹצְרוֹתwith the trumpetsלְהַקְהִילto assembleאֶתהַקָּהָל,the congregationלְפִיbecauseשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרthat it is saidבמדברBamidbarי'10"עֲשֵׂהMakeלְךָ",for yourselfוְלֹאand notהִשְׁלִיטdid he empowerיְהוֹשֻׁעַYehoshuaעֲלֵיהֶם,over themוְאַףand evenבְּחַיָּיוin his lifetimeנִגְנְזוּthey were hiddenבְּיוֹםon the day ofמוֹתוֹhis deathלְקַיֵּםto fulfillמַהthatשֶּׁנֶּאֱמַרwhich is saidקהלתKohelesח'8"וְאֵיןand there is noשִׁלְטוֹןauthorityבְּיוֹםon the day ofהַמָּוֶת"deathתנחומאTanchumaויחיVayechiובהעלותךand Beha'alotcha:
רַשִׁ״י
ואעידהAnd I will callבםagainst themאתהשמיםthe heavensואתand —הארץ.the earthוְאִםAnd ifתֹּאמַרyou will sayהֲרֵיbeholdכְּבָרalreadyהֵעִידhe called as witnessלְמַעְלָהabove"הַעִדֹתִיI called as witnessבָכֶםagainst youהַיּוֹםtodayוְגוֹ'"?etc.הָתָםthereלְיִשְׂרָאֵלto Israelאָמַר,he saidאֲבָלbutלַשָּׁמַיִםto the heavensוְלָאָרֶץand to the earthלֹאnotאָמַר,he saidוְעַכְשָׁוand nowבָּאhe comesלוֹמַרto say"הַאֲזִינוּGive earהַשָּׁמַיִםO heavensוְגוֹ'"etc.דבריםDevarimל"ב32:
פָּסוּק י
Pasuk 10
כִּיForיָדַעְתִּיI knowאַחֲרֵיafterמוֹתִיmy deathכִּיthatהַשְׁחֵתcorruptlyתַּשְׁחִתוּןyou will act corruptlyוְסַרְתֶּםand you will turnמִןfromהַדֶּרֶךְthe pathאֲשֶׁרwhichצִוִּיתִיI commandedאֶתְכֶםyouוְקָרָאתand will befallאֶתְכֶםyouהָרָעָהthe evilבְּאַחֲרִיתin the end ofהַיָּמִיםthe daysכִּיbecauseתַעֲשׂוּyou will doאֶתהָרַעthe evilבְּעֵינֵיin the eyes ofיְהוָהHashemלְהַכְעִיסוֹto anger Himבְּמַעֲשֵׂהwith the work ofיְדֵיכֶם׃your hands
רַשִׁ״י
אחריAfterמותיmy deathכיthatהשחתutterlyתשחיתון.you will corruptוַהֲרֵיand beholdכָּלallיְמוֹתthe days ofיְהוֹשֻׁעַYehoshuaלֹאthey did notהִשְׁחִיתוּ,corruptשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is said"וַיַּעַבְדוּand they servedהָעָםthe peopleאֶתה'Hashemכֹּלallיְמֵיthe days ofיְהוֹשֻׁעַ"YehoshuaשופטיםShoftimב'two?מִכָּאןfrom hereשֶׁתַּלְמִידוֹthat the pupil ofשֶׁל·אָדָםa personחָבִיבis dearעָלָיוto himכְּגוּפוֹ,like his own bodyכָּלallזְמַןthe timeשֶׁיְּהוֹשֻׁעַthat Yehoshuaחַיwas aliveהָיָהit wasנִרְאֶהappearingלְמֹשֶׁהto Mosheכְּאִלּוּas ifהוּאheחַי:were alive
פָּסוּק יא
Pasuk 11
וַיְדַבֵּרAnd spokeמֹשֶׁהMosheבְּאָזְנֵיin the ears ofכָּלall ofקְהַלthe congregation ofיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelאֶתדִּבְרֵיthe words ofהַשִּׁירָהthe songהַזֹּאתthisעַדuntilתֻּמָּם׃their completion
Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם

The aliyah flows from Hashem's warning about the future spiritual decline of the nation to the practical steps Moshe takes to preserve the mesorah. Moshe writes down the Shira and teaches it to the Bnei Yisrael, while Yehoshua receives his charge to lead the nation into the land. Moshe then completes the writing of the Sefer Torah, instructs the Levi'im to place it beside the Aron, and gathers the elders and officers to hear the words of the Shira, calling heaven and earth as witnesses before he departs from this world.

לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home

In this parsha, Moshe Rabbeinu is preparing Klal Yisrael for his departure, and he speaks with painful honesty. He warns them that when they enter the land and have everything they need, when they eat, are satisfied, and grow fat, they are going to turn away from Hashem. He even tells them that if they were rebellious while he was alive, they will surely struggle after his death. Lichoira, this is a very difficult and discouraging message to hear right before entering the land. Why would Moshe Rabbeinu leave them with such a heavy, painful prophecy?

The Tanna is teaching us a deep yesod in avodas Hashem. Moshe Rabbeinu is not trying to break their spirits; he is giving them the ultimate tool for survival. He is telling them: "I know your yetzer hara. I know the challenges you are going to face when life gets comfortable and the spiritual warmth of the midbar fades." By putting the Torah right next to the Aron and writing down the Shira as a witness, Moshe is showing them that even when they fall, the Torah is always there waiting for them. It is never lost from the mouth of their children. The first step to overcoming a nisayon is knowing that the nisayon exists, and knowing that Hashem already prepared the refuah before the makkah.

This is our daily avodah. We all have moments of spiritual high, and then we have moments where we feel cold, distant, or overwhelmed by our physical desires. The yetzer hara tries to convince us that once we have slipped, we are completely disconnected. But the Torah tells us: "lo tishachach mipi zaro", the connection is eternal. Hashem knows our struggles, He knows our weaknesses, and He still gave us the Torah as an everlasting witness of His love and our potential.

Today, when you feel a struggle in your avodas Hashem or feel distant from learning, do not let the yetzer hara discourage you. Remind yourself that Hashem knows your challenges and has already provided the Torah as your anchor; take just five minutes to open a sefer and reconnect, knowing that your neshama's bond with Hashem can never be broken.

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י — נצבים-וילך · שְׁבִיעִי