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חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · ראה · חֲמִישִׁי

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Re'eh · 5th Aliyah
Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה

In this aliyah, the Torah introduces us to the halachos of Maaser Sheni, the second tithe, which a Yid must set aside from his crops in the first, second, fourth, and fifth years of the Shemittah cycle. Hashem commands us to bring these holy fruits to Yerushalayim to eat them there in kedushah, which builds our yiras Shamayim as we stand in the place of the Beis HaMikdash.

We also learn the practical halachos of what to do if the journey to Yerushalayim is too long and difficult. The Torah gives us a beautiful eitzah to redeem the produce for money, carry that money up to the holy city, and spend it there on food and drink to rejoice before Hashem, while making sure we do not forget the Levi and the poor who depend on our tzedakah.

All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.
פָּסוּק א
Pasuk 1
עַשֵּׂרYou shall surely titheתְּעַשֵּׂרtitheאֵתכָּלallתְּבוּאַתthe produce ofזַרְעֶךָyour seedהַיֹּצֵאthat comes out ofהַשָּׂדֶהthe fieldשָׁנָהyearשָׁנָה׃by year
רַשִׁ״י
לאDo notתבשלcookגדי‎a kidעשרYou shall surelyתעשר.titheמָהWhatעִנְיַןis the connection ofזֶהthisאֵצֶלnext toזֶה?thisאָמַרsaidלָהֶםto themהַקָּבָּ"הthe Holy One blessed be Heלְיִשְׂרָאֵל:to IsraelאַלDo notתִּגְרְמוּcauseלִיMeלְבַשֵּׁלto blastגְּדָיִיםthe tender kernelsשֶׁלofתְּבוּאָהgrainעַדwhileשֶׁהֵןthey areבִּמְעֵיin the womb ofאִמּוֹתֵיהֶן,their mothersשֶׁאִםfor ifאֵיןnotאַתֶּםyouמְעַשְּׂרִיםtitheמַעַשְׂרוֹתtithesכָּרָאוּיproperlyכְּשֶׁהוּאwhen it isסָמוּךְcloseלְהִתְבַּשֵּׁלto ripeningאֲנִיIמוֹצִיאwill bring outרוּחַa wind ofקָדִיםthe eastוְהִיאand itמְשַׁדַּפְתָּן,will blast themשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is saidמלכיםKingsבIIי"ט19"וּשְׁדֵפָהand blasted cornלִפְנֵיbeforeקָמָה",it is grown upוְכֵןAnd likewiseלְעִנְיַןregarding the matter ofבִּכּוּרִיםfirst fruitsפסיק'Pesiktaר';of RabbiתנחומאTanchuma:
רַשִׁ״י
שנהYearשנה.yearמִכָּאןfrom hereשֶׁאֵיןthat one does notמְעַשְּׂרִיןtitheמִןfromהֶחָדָשׁthe newעַלforהַיָּשָׁןthe oldספריSifrei:
פָּסוּק ב
Pasuk 2
וְאָכַלְתָּand you shall eatלִפְנֵיbeforeיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godבַּמָּקוֹםin the placeאֲשֶׁרthatיִבְחַרHe will chooseלְשַׁכֵּןto establishשְׁמוֹHis nameשָׁםthereמַעְשַׂרthe tithe ofדְּגָנְךָyour grainתִּירֹשְׁךָyour wineוְיִצְהָרֶךָand your oilוּבְכֹרֹתand the firstborn ofבְּקָרְךָyour cattleוְצֹאנֶךָand your sheepלְמַעַןso thatתִּלְמַדyou will learnלְיִרְאָהto fearאֶתיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godכָּלallהַיָּמִים׃the days
רַשִׁ״י
ואכלתAnd you shall eatוגו'.etc.זֶהthisמַעֲשֵׂרtitheשֵׁנִי.secondשֶׁכְּבָרfor alreadyלִמְּדָנוּit taught usלִתֵּןto giveמַעֲשֵׂרtitheרִאשׁוֹןfirstלַלְוִיִם,to the Levitesשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is said"כִּיwhenתִקְחוּyou takeמֵאֵתfromבְּנֵיthe children ofיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelוְגוֹ'"etc.במדברBamidbarי"ח18וְנָתַןand it gaveלָהֶםto themרְשׁוּתpermissionלְאָכְלוֹto eat itבְּכָלin anyמָקוֹם,placeשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is said"וַאֲכַלְתֶּםand you shall eatאֹתוֹitבְּכָלin anyמָקוֹם"placeשםthereי"ח18,עַלbyכָּרְחֲךָyour compulsionזֶהthisמַעֲשֵׂרtitheאַחֵרanotherהוּא:it is
פָּסוּק ג
Pasuk 3
וְכִיAnd ifיִרְבֶּהwill be too greatמִמְּךָfor youהַדֶּרֶךְthe journeyכִּיbecauseלֹאnotתוּכַלyou will be ableשְׂאֵתוֹto carry itכִּיbecauseיִרְחַקwill be farמִמְּךָfrom youהַמָּקוֹםthe placeאֲשֶׁרwhichיִבְחַרwill chooseיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godלָשׂוּםto placeשְׁמוֹHis nameשָׁםthereכִּיbecauseיְבָרֶכְךָwill bless youיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָ׃your God
רַשִׁ״י
כיwhenיברכך.He will bless youשֶׁתְּהֵאthat will beהַתְּבוּאָהthe produceמְרֻבָּהtoo muchלָשֵׂאת:to carry
פָּסוּק ד
Pasuk 4
וְנָתַתָּהand you shall turnבַּכָּסֶףinto moneyוְצַרְתָּand you shall bindהַכֶּסֶףthe moneyבְּיָדְךָin your handוְהָלַכְתָּand you shall goאֶלtoהַמָּקוֹםthe placeאֲשֶׁרthatיִבְחַרwill chooseיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godבּוֹ׃it
פָּסוּק ה
Pasuk 5
וְנָתַתָּהand you shall giveהַכֶּסֶףthe moneyבְּכֹלfor allאֲשֶׁרthatתְּאַוֶּהdesiresנַפְשְׁךָyour soulבַּבָּקָרfor cattleוּבַצֹּאןand for sheepוּבַיַּיִןand for wineוּבַשֵּׁכָרand for strong drinkוּבְכֹלand for allאֲשֶׁרthatתִּשְׁאָלְךָasks of youנַפְשֶׁךָyour soulוְאָכַלְתָּand you shall eatשָּׁםthereלִפְנֵיbeforeיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godוְשָׂמַחְתָּand you shall rejoiceאַתָּהyouוּבֵיתֶךָ׃and your household
רַשִׁ״י
בכלFor allאשרthatתאוהdesiresנפשךyour soulכְּלָל:a general statement
רַשִׁ״י
בבקרfor the herdובצאןand for the flockובייןand for wineובשכרand for strong drinkפְּרָט:a particularization
רַשִׁ״י
ובכלand in allאשרthatתשאלךdesires of youנפשךyour soulחָזַרHe returnedוְכָלַל,and generalizedמַהjust asהַפְּרָטthe detailמְפֹרָשׁis specifiedוְלַדoffspring ofוַלְדוֹתoffspring ofהָאָרֶץthe earthוְרָאוּיand suitableלְמַאֲכַלfor food ofאָדָםmanוְכוּ'etceteraעירוביןEruvinכ"ז27:
פָּסוּק ו
Pasuk 6
וְהַלֵּוִיAnd the Leviteאֲשֶׁרwho isבִּשְׁעָרֶיךָin your gatesלֹאdo notתַעַזְבֶנּוּabandon himכִּיforאֵיןthere is notלוֹto himחֵלֶקa portionוְנַחֲלָהand an inheritanceעִמָּךְ׃with you
רַשִׁ״י
והלוי,And the Leviteלאnotתעזבנו.shall you forsake himמִלִּתֵּןfrom givingלוֹto himמַעֲשֵׂרtitheרִאשׁוֹן:first
רַשִׁ״י
כיforאיןthere is notלוto himחלקa portionונחלהand an inheritanceעמך.with youיָצְאוּexcluded areלֶקֶטgleaningsשִׁכְחָהforgotten sheavesוּפֵאָהand corner of the fieldוְהֶפְקֵר,and ownerless propertyשֶׁאַףfor evenהוּאheיֵשׁhasלוֹ·חֵלֶקa portionעִמְּךָwith youבָּהֶןin themכָּמוֹךָ,like youוְאֵינָןand they are notחַיָּבִיןobligatedבְּמַעֲשֵׂר:in tithes
פָּסוּק ז
Pasuk 7
מִקְצֵהAt the end ofשָׁלֹשׁthreeשָׁנִיםyearsתּוֹצִיאyou shall bring outאֶתכָּלallמַעְשַׂרthe tithe ofתְּבוּאָתְךָyour produceבַּשָּׁנָהin the yearהַהִואthatוְהִנַּחְתָּand you shall placeבִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ׃within your gates
רַשִׁ״י
מקצהAt the end ofשלשthreeשנים.yearsבָּאit comesוְלִמֵּדand teachesשֶׁאִםthat ifהִשְׁהָהone delayedמַעַשְׂרוֹתָיוhis tithesשֶׁלofשָׁנָהthe yearרִאשׁוֹנָהfirstוּשְׁנִיָּהand secondלִשְׁמִטָּה,of the Shemittah cycleשֶׁיְּבַעֲרֵםthat he must remove themמִןfromהַבַּיִתthe houseבַּשְּׁלִישִׁית:in the third
פָּסוּק ח
Pasuk 8
וּבָאAnd shall comeהַלֵּוִיthe Leviteכִּיbecauseאֵיןthere is notלוֹto himחֵלֶקa portionוְנַחֲלָהand an inheritanceעִמָּךְwith youוְהַגֵּרand the strangerוְהַיָּתוֹםand the orphanוְהָאַלְמָנָהand the widowאֲשֶׁרwhoבִּשְׁעָרֶיךָare in your gatesוְאָכְלוּand they shall eatוְשָׂבֵעוּand be satisfiedלְמַעַןso thatיְבָרֶכְךָshall bless youיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godבְּכָלin allמַעֲשֵׂהthe work ofיָדְךָyour handאֲשֶׁרwhichתַּעֲשֶׂה׃you do
רַשִׁ״י
ובאand shall comeהלוי.the Leviteוְיִטֹּלand takeמַעֲשֵׂרthe titheרִאשׁוֹן:first
רַשִׁ״י
והגרand the strangerוהיתום.and the orphanוְיִטְּלוּand they shall takeמַעֲשֵׂרtitheשֵׁנִי,secondשֶׁהוּאwhich isשֶׁלofעָנִיthe poorשֶׁלofשָׁנָהthe yearזוֹ,thisוְלֹאand notתֹאכְלֶנּוּshall you eat itאַתָּהyouבִּירוּשָׁלַיִםin Yerushalayimכְּדֶרֶךְlike the wayשֶׁנִּזְקַקְתָּthat you were boundלֶאֱכֹלto eatמַעֲשֵׂרtitheשֵׁנִיsecondשֶׁלofשְׁתֵּיthe twoשָׁנִים:years
רַשִׁ״י
ואכלוAnd they shall eatושבעו.and be satisfiedתֵּןgiveלָהֶםto themכְּדֵיsufficient forשָׂבְעָן,their satisfactionמִכָּאןfrom hereאָמְרוּthey saidאֵיןwe do notפּוֹחֲתִיןgive lessלֶעָנִיto the poor personבַּגֹּרֶןin the barnוְכוּ'etceteraספריSifreiקי110.וְאַתָּהAnd youהוֹלֵךְgoלִירוּשָׁלַיִםto Yerushalayimבַּמַּעֲשֵׂרwith the titheשֶׁלofשָׁנָהyearרִאשׁוֹנָהfirstוּשְׁנִיָּהand secondשֶׁהִשְׁהֵיתָ,which you delayedוּמִתְוַדֶּהand make confession"בִּעַרְתִּיI have removedהַקֹּדֶשׁthe holy thingsמִןfromהַבַּיִת"the houseכְּמוֹjust asשֶׁמְּפֹרָשׁit is explainedבְּכִיin whenתְכַלֶּהyou have finishedלַעְשֵׂרtithingדבריםDevarimכ"ו26:
Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם

The aliyah outlines the system of Maaser Sheni, where a person must bring a tenth of his grain, wine, and oil to eat in the place Hashem chooses, or redeem it for money to spend on food for rejoicing in Yerushalayim if the way is too far. It then transitions to the halachos of the third year, when Maaser Sheni is replaced by Maaser Ani, the tithe for the poor. This tithe is left in the local towns so that the Levi, the convert, the orphan, and the widow can eat and be satisfied, bringing Hashem's berachah upon all the work of our hands.

לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home

The Torah is teaching us a tremendous chiddush here about how a Yid is supposed to experience the physical pleasures of this world. When the Torah speaks about Ma'aser Sheni, the second tithe, the pasuk says you should take your produce, or the money you redeemed it with, and spend it on whatever your heart desires, meat, wine, or anything else, and eat it there in Yerushalayim. Lichoira, we would have thought that indulging in physical desires is something completely separate from ruchniyus, maybe even a b'di'avad. But the Torah is mechadesh exactly the opposite: "And you shall eat there before Hashem your God, and you shall rejoice."

This is the yesod of our avodah. Hashem does not want us to run away from the world or pretend we do not enjoy a good meal. Rather, the Torah wants us to take those very physical desires and bring them "before Hashem." When you eat that delicious food in the presence of the Shechinah, with the consciousness that it all comes from Hashem's bracha, the eating itself becomes a holy act of avodas Hashem. Mimeila, the physical pleasure is elevated and becomes a vessel for yiras Shamayim.

But there is a crucial condition here that we cannot forget. The Torah immediately warns us: "Do not neglect the Levite... and the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow." You cannot have a real, holy simcha if you are only worrying about your own stomach. True simcha before Hashem is only possible when you open your heart and your table to those who have nothing. When you share your bracha with the poor and the lonely, then your physical enjoyment becomes a true kiddush Hashem.

Today, when you sit down to eat or enjoy any physical pleasure, take ten seconds before you begin to think: "Hashem, You gave me this pleasure, and I am using it to serve You and to have the strength to do Your ratzon." If you can, find a way to share some of your abundance with someone in need today, making your table a real mizbeach.

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י — ראה · חֲמִישִׁי