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חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · PARSHAS HASHAVUAחוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · PARSHAS HASHAVUA

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · שְׁלַח · שִׁשִּׁי

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Sh'lach · 6th Aliyah
Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה

In this aliyah, we learn about the beautiful mitzvah of challah, which binds our physical sustenance directly to our avodah. Hashem commands Moshe Rabbeinu that upon entering Eretz Yisrael, when we eat from the bread of the land, we must separate a portion of our dough as a gift to Hashem, just like the terumah separated from the threshing floor.

Following this, the Torah addresses the solemn laws of an inadvertent communal sin. If the entire community unwittingly fails to observe the mitzvos of Hashem through an error of the leadership, a specific process of teshuvah and korbanot is required to bring about kaparah.

All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.
פָּסוּק א
Pasuk 1
וַיְדַבֵּרAnd spokeיְהוָהHashemאֶלtoמֹשֶׁהMosheלֵּאמֹר׃saying
פָּסוּק ב
Pasuk 2
דַּבֵּרSpeakאֶלtoבְּנֵיthe children ofיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelוְאָמַרְתָּand you shall sayאֲלֵהֶםto themבְּבֹאֲכֶםupon your comingאֶלtoהָאָרֶץthe landאֲשֶׁרthatאֲנִיIמֵבִיאam bringingאֶתְכֶםyouשָׁמָּה׃there
רַשִׁ״י
בבאכםupon your comingאלtoהארץ.the landמְשֻׁנָּהdifferent isבִּיאָהentryזוֹthisמִכָּלfrom allבִּיאוֹתentriesשֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה,that are in the Torahשֶׁבְּכֻלָּןfor in all of themנֶאֱמַרit is saidכִּיwhenתָבֹא,you comeכִּיwhenתָבֹאוּ,you comeלְפִיכָךְthereforeכֻּלָּןall of themלְמֵדוֹתlearnזוֹthisמִזּוֹ,from thisוְכֵיוָןand sinceשֶׁפֵּרֵטthat specifiedלְךָto youהַכָּתוּבthe verseבְּאַחַתin oneמֵהֶןof themשֶׁאֵינָהּthat it is notאֶלָּאexceptלְאַחַרafterיְרֻשָּׁהpossessionוִישִׁיבָה,and settlementאַףsoכֻּלָּןall of themכֵּן,likewiseאֲבָלbutזוֹthisנֶאֱמַרit is saidבָּהּregarding it"בְּבֹאֲכֶם""upon your coming"מִשֶּׁנִּכְנְסוּfrom when they enteredבָהּinto itוְאָכְלוּand ateמִלַּחְמָהּof its breadנִתְחַיְּבוּthey became obligatedבְחַלָּהin ChallahספריSifrei:
פָּסוּק ג
Pasuk 3
וְהָיָהand it shall beבַּאֲכָלְכֶםwhen you eatמִלֶּחֶםfrom the bread ofהָאָרֶץthe landתָּרִימוּyou shall set asideתְרוּמָהa giftלַיהוָה׃to Hashem
פָּסוּק ד
Pasuk 4
רֵאשִׁיתThe first ofעֲרִסֹתֵכֶםyour doughחַלָּהa loafתָּרִימוּyou shall separateתְרוּמָהas a giftכִּתְרוּמַתlike the gift ofגֹּרֶןthe threshing floorכֵּןsoתָּרִימוּyou shall separateאֹתָהּ׃it
רַשִׁ״י
ראשיתThe first ofערסתכם.your doughכְּשֶׁתָּלוּשׁוּwhen you kneadכְדֵיthe measure ofעִסַּתְכֶםyour doughשֶׁאַתֶּםthat youרְגִילִיןare accustomedלָלוּשׁto kneadבַּמִּדְבָּרin the wildernessוְכַמָּהand how muchהִיא?is it"וַיָּמֹדּוּAnd they measuredבָעֹמֶר"with the OmerשמותShemosט"ז16,"עֹמֶרAn Omerלַגֻּלְגֹּלֶת"per headשםthereתָּרִימוּyou shall separateמֵרֵאשִׁיתָהּ,from its beginningכְּלוֹמַרmeaning to sayקֹדֶםbeforeשֶׁתֹּאכְלוּthat you eatמִמֶּנָּה,from itרֵאשִׁיתthe first ofחֶלְקָהּits portionחלהone challahאַחַתsingleתרימוyou shall separateתרומהa heave-offeringלְשֵׁםfor the sake ofה'HashemעירוביןEruvinפ"ג83a:
רַשִׁ״י
חלה.Challahטורטי"לtorteבְּלַעַז:in foreign tongue
רַשִׁ״י
כתרומתlike the heave offering ofגרן.a threshing floorשֶׁלֹּאconcerning which notנֶאֱמַרwas statedבָּהּin itשִׁעוּרa minimum quantityוְלֹאand notכִתְרוּמַתlike the heave offering ofמַעֲשֵׂר,titheשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרconcerning which was statedבָּהּin itשִׁעוּרa minimum quantityספריSifrei,אֲבָלhoweverחֲכָמִיםthe Sagesנָתְנוּgaveשִׁעוּרa minimum quantityלְבַעַלfor the owner ofהַבַּיִתthe houseאֶחָדoneמֵעֶשְׂרִיםout of twentyוְאַרְבָּעָהand fourוּלְנַחְתּוֹםand for a bakerאֶחָדoneמֵאַרְבָּעִיםout of fortyוּשְׁמוֹנָהand eightחלהChallahב'chapter two:
פָּסוּק ה
Pasuk 5
מֵרֵאשִׁיתFrom the first ofעֲרִסֹתֵיכֶםyour doughsתִּתְּנוּyou shall giveלַיהוָהto HASHEMתְּרוּמָהa giftלְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם׃for your generations
רַשִׁ״י
מראשיתOf the first ofערסתיכם.your doughלָמָּהwhyנֶאֱמַר?is it saidלְפִיbecauseשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרthat it is said"רֵאשִׁיתthe first ofעֲרִסֹתֵכֶם",your doughשׁוֹמֵעַunderstandאֲנִיIרִאשׁוֹנָהthe firstשֶׁבָּעִסּוֹת,of the doughsתַּ"לthe Torah teachesמראשיתof the first ofמִקְצָתָהּpart of itוְלֹאand notכֻלָּהּall of itספריSifrei:
רַשִׁ״י
תתנוye shall giveלה'unto Hashemתרומה.a heave offeringלְפִיbecauseשֶׁלֹּאthat notשָׁמַעְנוּwe have heardשִׁעוּרa measureלְחַלָּהfor Challahנֶאֱמַרit is said"תִּתְּנוּ""ye shall give"שֶׁיְּהֵאthat there beבָהּin itכְּדֵיenough forנְתִינָהa giftשםthere:
פָּסוּק ו
Pasuk 6
וְכִיAnd ifתִשְׁגּוּyou errוְלֹאand notתַעֲשׂוּyou doאֵתכָּלall ofהַמִּצְוֺתthe commandmentsהָאֵלֶּהtheseאֲשֶׁרwhichדִּבֶּרspokeיְהוָהHashemאֶלtoמֹשֶׁה׃Moshe
רַשִׁ״י
וכיAnd ifתשגוyou shall errולאand notתעשו.doעֲ"זָidolatryהָיְתָהwasבִּכְלַלincluded inכלallהמצוותthe commandmentsשֶׁהַצִּבּוּרthat the congregationמְבִיאִיןbringsעָלֵיהָfor itפַר,a bullockוַהֲרֵיand beholdהַכָּתוּבthe Scriptureמוֹצִיאָהּexcludes itכָּאןhereמִכְּלָלָן,from their general-ruleלִדּוֹןto be judgedבְּפַרwith a bullockלְעוֹלָהfor a burnt-offeringוְשָׂעִירand a he-goatלְחַטָּאתfor a sin-offeringספריSifrei:
רַשִׁ״י
וכיAnd ifתשגוyou errוגו'.etc.בַּעֲ"זָof idolatryהַכָּתוּבthe verseמְדַבֵּר,speaksאוֹOrאֵינוֹis it notאֶלָּאbutבְאַחַתof oneמִכָּלof allהַמִּצְוֹת,the commandmentsתַּ"לScripture teachesאתכלallהמצותthe commandmentsהאלהtheseמִצְוָהa commandmentאַחַתsingleשֶׁהִיאthat isכְּכָלlike allהַמִּצְוֹת,the commandmentsמַהJust asהָעוֹבֵרone who transgressesעַל·כָּלallהַמִּצְוֹתthe commandmentsפּוֹרֵקthrows offעֹלyokeוּמֵפֵרand breaksבְּרִיתcovenantוּמְגַלֶּהand revealsפָנִים,faceאַףso tooמִצְוָהcommandmentזוֹthisפּוֹרֵקthrows offבָּהּwith itעֹלyokeוּמֵפֵרand breaksבְּרִיתcovenantוּמְגַלֶּהand revealsפָנִים,faceוְאֵיזוֹ?and whichזוֹis thisעֲ"זָidolatryשםthere:
רַשִׁ״י
אשרWhichדברspokeה'Hashemאלtoמשה.MosheאָנֹכִיI amוְלֹאand notיִהְיֶהshall there beלְךָto youמִפִּיfrom the mouth ofהַגְּבוּרָהthe Almightyשְׁמַעְנוּםwe heard themכְּדִכְתִיבas it is writtenתהיליםTehillimס"ב62"אַחַתOnceדִּבֶּרspokeאֱלֹהִיםGodשְׁתַּיִםtwiceזוּtheseשָׁמָעְנוּ"we heardהוריותHorayotח'8a:
פָּסוּק ז
Pasuk 7
אֵתכָּלallאֲשֶׁרthatצִוָּהcommandedיְהוָהHashemאֲלֵיכֶםto youבְּיַדby the hand ofמֹשֶׁהMosheמִןfromהַיּוֹםthe dayאֲשֶׁרthatצִוָּהcommandedיְהוָהHashemוָהָלְאָהand onwardלְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם׃for your generations
רַשִׁ״י
אתכלallאשרthatצוהcommandedוגו'.etc.מַגִּידthis tellsשֶׁכָּלthat anyoneהַמּוֹדֶהwho acknowledgesבַּעֲ"זָidolatryכְּכוֹפֵרis like one who deniesבְּכָלin all ofהַתּוֹרָהthe Torahכֻּלָּהּentirelyוּבְכָלand in allמַהthatשֶּׁנִּתְנַבְּאוּwhich prophesiedהַנְּבִיאִים,the prophetsשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is saidמןfromהיוםthe dayאשרthatצוהcommandedה'Hashemוהלאהand onward:
פָּסוּק ח
Pasuk 8
וְהָיָהand it shall beאִםifמֵעֵינֵיfrom the eyes ofהָעֵדָהthe congregationנֶעֶשְׂתָהit was doneלִשְׁגָגָהby mistakeוְעָשׂוּand they shall makeכָלall ofהָעֵדָהthe congregationפַּרa bullבֶּןyoung ofבָּקָרcattleאֶחָדoneלְעֹלָהfor an elevation offeringלְרֵיחַfor a savor ofנִיחֹחַsatisfactionלַיהוָהto Hashemוּמִנְחָתוֹand its meal offeringוְנִסְכּוֹand its libationכַּמִּשְׁפָּטaccording to the lawוּשְׂעִירand a he-goat ofעִזִּיםgoatsאֶחָדoneלְחַטָּת׃for a sin offering
רַשִׁ״י
אםIfמעיניfrom the eyes ofהעדהthe congregationנעשתהit was doneלשגגה.by errorאִםIfמֵעֵינֵיfrom the eyes ofהָעֵדָהthe congregationנֶעֶשְׂתָהwas doneעֲבֵרָהtransgressionזוֹthisעַלbyיְדֵיthe hands ofשׁוֹגֵגan errorשֶׁשָּׁגוּthat they erredוְהוֹרוּand they ruledעַלconcerningאַחַתoneמִןofהָעֲבוֹדוֹתthe servicesשֶׁהִיאthat it isמֻתֶּרֶתpermittedלַעֲבֹדto worshipעֲ"זָidol worshipבְּכָךְwith thisשםthereה'page 5:
רַשִׁ״י
לחטת.for a sin-offeringחָסֵרis missingא',the letter alephשֶׁאֵינוֹthat it is notכִשְׁאָרlike the rest ofחַטָּאוֹת,the sin-offeringsשֶׁכָּלfor allחַטָּאוֹתsin-offeringsשֶׁבַּתּוֹרָהthat are in the Torahהַבָּאוֹתthat comeעִםwithעוֹלָהa burnt-offeringהַחַטָּאתthe sin-offeringקוֹדֶמֶתprecedesלָעוֹלָה,the burnt-offeringשֶׁנֶּא'as it is saidויקראVayikraה'chapter five,"וְאֶתand —הַשֵּׁנִיthe secondיַעֲשֶׂהhe shall makeעֹלָה",a burnt-offeringוְזוֹbut this oneעוֹלָהthe burnt-offeringקוֹדֶמֶתprecedesלְחַטָּאתthe sin-offeringשםthereט"וfifteen:
פָּסוּק ט
Pasuk 9
וְכִפֶּרAnd shall atoneהַכֹּהֵןthe Kohenעַלforכָּלallעֲדַתthe congregation ofבְּנֵיthe children ofיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelוְנִסְלַחand it shall be forgivenלָהֶםto themכִּיforשְׁגָגָהan errorהִואit wasוְהֵםand theyהֵבִיאוּbroughtאֶתקָרְבָּנָםtheir offeringאִשֶּׁהa fire-offeringלַיהוָהto Hashemוְחַטָּאתָםand their sin-offeringלִפְנֵיbeforeיְהוָהHashemעַלforשִׁגְגָתָם׃their error
רַשִׁ״י
הביאוThey have broughtאתקרבנםtheir offeringאשהa fire offeringלה'.to HashemזֶהThisהָאָמוּרwhich is mentionedבַּפָּרָשָׁה,in the passageהוּאit isפַרthe bullock ofהָעוֹלָהthe burnt offeringשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is said"אִשֶּׁהa fire offeringלַה'"to HashemספריSifrei:
רַשִׁ״י
וחטאתם.and their sin offeringזֶהthis isהַשָּׂעִיר:the he-goat
פָּסוּק י
Pasuk 10
וְנִסְלַחAnd it shall be forgivenלְכָלto allעֲדַתthe congregation ofבְּנֵיthe children ofיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelוְלַגֵּרand to the strangerהַגָּרwho dwellsבְּתוֹכָםamong themכִּיforלְכָלto allהָעָםthe peopleבִּשְׁגָגָה׃it was in error
Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם

The aliyah begins with the obligation to separate challah from the first of our dough as a gift to Hashem throughout the generations. It then transitions to the halachos of a communal error, detailing that if the congregation unwittingly transgresses Hashem's commandments, they must bring a young bull for an olah (burnt offering) along with its proper grain offering and libation, and a he-goat for a chatas (sin offering). Through these offerings, the kohen makes atonement for the entire community of Bnei Yisrael and the converts among them, and they are granted forgiveness from Hashem for their unintentional mistake.

לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home

My dear talmid, look at the beautiful order of the Torah here. The very first thing Hashem asks of us when we enter the land and eat its bread is to separate challah. Before you take a bite, before you enjoy the physical sustenance of this world, you stop and elevate the very first portion to Hashem. This is the foundation of our avodah: we do not live just to consume. We live to sanctify the physical, recognizing that every bit of our livelihood and success comes directly from His hand.

And then, the Torah immediately transitions to the laws of an inadvertent communal sin, where the entire nation errs. Chazal teach us a profound lesson here about the power of the community and the beauty of teshuvah. Even when we stumble, even when we make mistakes out of ignorance or carelessness, Hashem does not cast us away. He provides a path for kaparah, a way to repair the breach. The key is that we must face our errors honestly, bring our offerings together as one, and seek that forgiveness.

This is our daily work. We must bring Hashem into our physical routines, and when we inevitably slip up, we must never despair. The gates of teshuvah are always open, and Hashem is waiting to forgive us when we return to Him with a sincere heart.

Today, before you eat your first meal or begin your work, pause for ten seconds to verbally thank Hashem for your sustenance, dedicating the energy you receive from it to His service.

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י — שְׁלַח · שִׁשִּׁי