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Sukkot I · 1st Aliyah
Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה

In this Aliyah, Hashem speaks to Moshe Rabbeinu to teach Bnei Yisrael the halachos of bringing korbanos, starting with the age of the animal. We learn that a newborn ox, sheep, or goat must remain with its mother for the first seven days of its life, and only from the eighth day and onward is it acceptable to be brought as a korban on the Mizbe'ach. The Torah then warns us against the issur of slaughtering an animal and its offspring on the very same day, which applies to both the herd and the flock.

We also learn the halachos of a Korban Todah, a thanksgiving offering, which must be brought with the proper kavanah so that it is accepted by Hashem. The Torah teaches us the strict timeframe for eating this korban, requiring that it be eaten on the day it is brought and that none of it be left over until the morning. The Aliyah concludes with a powerful charge to keep the mitzvos, warning us against the terrible sin of Chilul Hashem and commanding us to sanctify Hashem's Name, remembering that He is the One Who took us out of Mitzrayim to be our Elokim.

All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.
פָּסוּק א
Pasuk 1
וַיְדַבֵּרAnd spokeיְהוָהHashemאֶלtoמֹשֶׁהMosheלֵּאמֹר׃saying
פָּסוּק ב
Pasuk 2
שׁוֹרAn oxאוֹorכֶשֶׂבa sheepאוֹorעֵזa goatכִּיwhenיִוָּלֵדit is bornוְהָיָהand it shall beשִׁבְעַתsevenיָמִיםdaysתַּחַתunderאִמּוֹits motherוּמִיּוֹםand from the dayהַשְּׁמִינִיthe eighthוָהָלְאָהand onwardיֵרָצֶהit shall be acceptedלְקָרְבַּןfor an offering ofאִשֶּׁהa fire offeringלַיהוָה׃to Hashem
רַשִׁ״י
כיWhenיולד.is bornפְּרָטexcludesלְיוֹצֵאone that goes outדֹפֶןthe sideשםthereל"ח38:
פָּסוּק ג
Pasuk 3
וְשׁוֹרAnd an oxאוֹorשֶׂהa sheepאֹתוֹitוְאֶתand —בְּנוֹits offspringלֹאyou shall notתִשְׁחֲטוּslaughterבְּיוֹםon dayאֶחָד׃one
רַשִׁ״י
אתוitואתand —בנו.its youngנוֹהֵגappliesבַּנְּקֵבָהto the femaleשֶׁאָסוּרthat it is forbiddenלִשְׁחֹטto slaughterהָאֵםthe motherוְהַבֵּןand the sonאוֹorהַבַּת,the daughterוְאֵינוֹand it does notנוֹהֵגapplyבַּזְּכָרִים,to the malesוּמֻתָּרand it is permittedלִשְׁחֹטto slaughterהָאָבthe fatherוְהַבֵּןand the sonשםthereע"ח78:
רַשִׁ״י
אתוItואתand —בנו.its youngאַףalsoבְּנוֹits youngוְאוֹתוֹand itבְּמַשְׁמָעis impliedשםthereפ"בchapter two:
פָּסוּק ד
Pasuk 4
וְכִיAnd whenתִזְבְּחוּyou slaughterזֶבַחa sacrifice ofתּוֹדָהthanksgivingלַיהוָהto Hashemלִרְצֹנְכֶםfor your acceptanceתִּזְבָּחוּ׃you shall slaughter it
רַשִׁ״י
לרצנכםfor your acceptanceתזבחו.you shall slaughterתְּחִלַּתat the beginning ofזְבִיחַתְכֶםyour slaughteringהִזָּהֲרוּbe carefulשֶׁתְּהֵאthat it should beלְרָצוֹןfor acceptanceלָכֶם,for youוּמַהוּand what isהָרָצוֹן?the acceptance
רַשִׁ״י
ביוםOn the dayההואthatיאכל.it shall be eatenלֹאnotבָאdid it comeלְהַזְהִירto warnאֶלָּאexceptשֶׁתְּהֵאthat should beשְׁחִיטָהthe slaughteringעַלonמְנָתcondition ofכֵּןsoאַלdo notתִּשְׁחֲטוּהוּslaughter itעַלonמְנָתcondition ofלְאָכְלוֹeating itלְמָחָר,tomorrowשֶׁאִםfor ifתַּחְשְׁבוּyou thinkבוֹin itמַחֲשֶׁבֶתa thought ofפְּסוּלdisqualificationלֹאnotיְהֵאwill it beלָכֶםfor youלְרָצוֹן;for acceptanceדָּ"אַanother explanationלרצנכםfor your acceptanceלְדַעְתְּכֶם,with your consentמִכָּאןfrom hereלַמִּתְעַסֵּקfor one handlingשֶׁפָּסוּלthat he is invalidבִּשְׁחִיטַתin the slaughter ofקָדָשִׁים;sacred offeringsוְאַעַ"פִּand even thoughשֶּׁפֵּרֵטthat He specifiedבַּנֶּאֱכָלִיםregarding those eatenלִשְׁנֵיfor twoיָמִים,daysחָזַרHe returnedוּפֵרֵטand specifiedבַּנֶּאֱכָלִיןregarding those eatenלְיוֹםfor dayאֶחָדoneשֶׁתְּהֵאthat should beזְבִיחָתָןtheir slaughteringעַלonמְנָתcondition ofלְאָכְלָןeating themבִּזְמַנָּן:in their time
פָּסוּק ה
Pasuk 5
בַּיּוֹםOn the dayהַהוּאthatיֵאָכֵלit shall be eatenלֹאnotתוֹתִירוּyou shall leave overמִמֶּנּוּof itעַדuntilבֹּקֶרmorningאֲנִיI amיְהוָה׃Hashem
רַשִׁ״י
ביוםOn the dayההואthatיאכל.it shall be eatenלֹאnotבָאit comesלְהַזְהִירto warnאֶלָּאexceptשֶׁתְּהֵאthat should beשְׁחִיטָהthe slaughteringעַלonמְנָתcondition ofכֵּן,soשֶׁאִםfor ifלִקְבֹּעַto establishלוֹfor itזְמַןa time ofאֲכִילָה,eatingכְּבָרalreadyכָּתוּבit is writtenוּבְשַׂרAnd the flesh ofזֶבַחthe sacrifice ofתּוֹדַתthe thanksgiving ofשְׁלָמָיוhis peace offeringsוְגוֹ'etcויקראVayikraז'7:
רַשִׁ״י
אניI amה'.HashemדַּעknowמִיWhoגָזַרdecreedעַלuponהַדָּבָרthe matterוְאַלand let notיֵקַלit be lightבְּעֵינֶיךָ:in your eyes
פָּסוּק ו
Pasuk 6
וּשְׁמַרְתֶּםAnd you shall guardמִצְוֺתַיMy commandmentsוַעֲשִׂיתֶםand you shall doאֹתָםthemאֲנִיI amיְהוָה׃Hashem
רַשִׁ״י
ושמרתם.And you shall guardזוֹthis isהַמִּשְׁנָה:the study
רַשִׁ״י
ועשיתם.And you shall do themזֶהthis isהַמַּעֲשֶׂהthe practiceספראSifra:
פָּסוּק ז
Pasuk 7
וְלֹאAnd you shall notתְחַלְּלוּprofaneאֶתשֵׁםthe name ofקָדְשִׁיMy holinessוְנִקְדַּשְׁתִּיand I shall be sanctifiedבְּתוֹךְin the midst ofבְּנֵיthe children ofיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelאֲנִיI amיְהוָהHashemמְקַדִּשְׁכֶם׃Who sanctifies you
רַשִׁ״י
ולאAnd you shall notתחללו.profaneלַעֲבֹרto transgressעַלagainstדְּבָרַיMy wordsמְזִידִין;willfullyמִמַּשְׁמָעFrom the implicationשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרof what is saidוְלֹאAnd you shall notתְחַלְּלוּprofaneמַהwhatתַּ"לֹdoes Scripture teachוְנִקְדַּשְׁתִּי?and I shall be sanctifiedמְסֹרdeliverעַצְמְךָyourselfוְקַדֵּשׁand sanctifyשְׁמִי.My nameיָכוֹלI might thinkבְּיָחִיד,in privateתַּ"לֹScripture teachesבתוךamidstבניthe children ofישראל;IsraelוּכְשֶׁהוּאAnd when heמוֹסֵרdeliversעַצְמוֹhimselfיִמְסֹרhe should deliverעַצְמוֹhimselfעַלonמְנָתconditionלָמוּת,to dieשֶׁכָּלfor anyoneהַמּוֹסֵרwho deliversעַצְמוֹhimselfעַלonמְנָתcondition ofהַנֵּס,the miracleאֵיןthey do notעוֹשִֹׁיןperformלוֹfor himנֵס,a miracleשֶׁכֵּןfor soמָצִינוּwe foundבַחֲנַנְיָהwith ChananyahמִישָׁאֵלMishaelוַעֲזַרְיָהand Azariahשֶׁלֹּאthat they did notמָסְרוּdeliverעַצְמָןthemselvesעַלonמְנָתcondition ofהַנֵּס,the miracleשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is saidדניאלDanielנ'3,"וְהֵןAnd ifלָאnotיְדִיעַknownלֶהֱוֵאlet it beלָךְto youמַלְכָּא"O kingוְגוֹ',etc.מַצִּילHe savesוְלֹאor notמַצִּילHe saves"יְדִיעַknownלֶהֱוֵאlet it beלָךְ"to youוְגו'etc.ספראSifra:
פָּסוּק ח
Pasuk 8
הַמּוֹצִיאWho brought outאֶתְכֶםyouמֵאֶרֶץfrom the land ofמִצְרַיִםMitzrayimלִהְיוֹתto beלָכֶםto youלֵאלֹהִיםfor a GodאֲנִיI amיְהוָה׃Hashem
רַשִׁ״י
המוציאWho brings outאתכם.youעַלonמְנָתcondition ofכֵּן:this
רַשִׁ״י
אניI amה'.HashemנֶאֱמָןWho is faithfulלְשַׁלֵּםto payשָׂכָרrewardשםthere:
Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם

The Aliyah begins with the requirement that a newborn animal must stay with its mother for seven days before it can be brought as a korban, followed by the prohibition of slaughtering an animal and its young on the same day. It then details the laws of the Korban Todah, which must be eaten on the day of its slaughter without leaving any leftovers until morning. Finally, the Torah commands us to keep the mitzvos, warning us not to profane Hashem's holy Name but rather to sanctify it, reminding us that Hashem is the One Who sanctifies us and Who brought us out of Mitzrayim to be our Elokim.

לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home

The Torah is telling us in this Aliyah that an animal cannot be brought as a korban until it has spent seven days with its mother, and we are warned not to slaughter an animal and its offspring on the same day. Lichoira, we have to ask: why does Hashem care so much about the timing and the family of an animal? The Ramban and other mefarshim explain a deep yesod here. Hashem does not need our korbanos, and these mitzvos are not because of Hashem's mercy on the animal itself, but rather they are meant to refine us. By forcing us to wait and by forbidding us from being cruel even to an animal, the Torah is shaping our middos and building our sensitivity.

This is a massive chiddush in how we look at our daily avodah. Sometimes we think that keeping mitzvos is just about checking off boxes or fulfilling a decree. But the Torah is teaching us that every single halachah we keep is designed to make us more refined, more sensitive, and more holy people. When you hold yourself back from a forbidden act, or when you wait to do a mitzvah exactly the way the halachah prescribes, you are not just performing a ritual. You are actively reshaping your neshama and becoming a more refined Yid.

If the Torah demands this level of sensitivity toward an animal, how much more so must we be careful with the feelings of our wives, our children, our neighbors, and our chavrusas. We cannot be people who are meticulous in our learning and our davening but insensitive to the people around us. The ultimate goal of the entire Torah is "ve'nikdashti b'toch b'nei Yisrael", that we create a kiddush Hashem through the refined way we live our lives.

Today, take one small action to show extra sensitivity to someone else's feelings, whether by holding back a sharp comment, giving a warm smile, or listening patiently to a family member, remembering that the goal of all our learning is to refine our middos.

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