This page teaches us a profound lesson from Kayin's story: when we feel our faces fall because someone else has a spiritual advantage, it's not a holy jealousy to grow, but a selfish one that resents their greatness. Hashem warns us that if we don't overcome this inner struggle, it can lead to terrible outcomes, even making us think our wrong actions are justified. The yetzer hara is clever, especially with those on a higher madreiga, setting up 'kosher' traps that seem right but are rooted in our hidden biases.
וְשָׁאַל קַיִן אִם כֵּן כָּל מוֹצְאִי יַהַרְגֵנִי מִפְּנֵי שֶׁיִּסְבְּרוּ כִּי אֲנִי מֵזִיד,
And Kayin asked, 'If so, everyone who finds me will kill me, because they will think that I am a deliberate transgressor,'
וְאָמַר לוֹ אָשִׂים לְךָ אוֹת, וְעַל זֶה הִתִּיר לוֹ ה' מִקֹּדֶם בִּתְחִלַּת הַפֶּתַח מַדּוּעַ פָּנֶיךָ נוֹפְלִים,
And He said to him, 'I will place for you a sign,' and concerning this Hashem had already permitted him at the very beginning of the opening, 'Why are your faces fallen?'
אִם קִנְאָתְךָ הוּא קִנְאַת סוֹפְרִים הָיִיתָ צָרִיךְ לְהִתְעַלּוֹת מִן הַקִּנְאָה הַזֹּאת,
If your jealousy is the jealousy of scribes, you should have elevated yourself from this jealousy,
לִרְדֹּף בְּשִׂמְחָה אַחַר הַמַּעֲלָה לְהַשִּׂיגָהּ וְאִם פָּנֶיךָ נוֹפְלִים וְתַרְגִּישׁ הִתְנַפְּלוּת בָּרוּר הוּא זֶה כִּי קִנְאָתְךָ הוּא עַל מַה שֶּׁיֵּשׁ לְהֶבֶל יִתְרוֹן עָלֶיךָ בְּעֵינֵי ד' וְלֹא תָחוּשׁ עַל חֶסְרוֹנְךָ כְּלָל,
To pursue with joy after the spiritual rung to attain it, and if your face falls and you feel an attack, it is clear that your jealousy is over what Hevel has as an advantage over you in the eyes of Hashem, and you do not feel your own deficiency at all,
אֶלָּא עַל מַה שֶּׁפָּחוֹת אַתָּה בְּעֵינֵי ה' מֵהֶבֶל אָחִיךָ,
Rather, concerning that you are lesser in the eyes of Hashem than Hevel your brother,
וְלֹא תוּכַל לִסְבּוֹל שֶׁיִּהְיֶה הוּא גָּדוֹל מִמְּךָ,
And you will not be able to tolerate that he should be greater than you,
לָכֵן אֲנִי מַתְרֶה לְךָ אִם תֵּיטִיב שְׂאֵת,
Therefore, I warn you, 'If you improve, bear up!'
אִם תַּעֲבִיר עַל הַמִּדּוֹת תִּתְעַלֶּה מִן הַנִּסָּיוֹן הַזֶּה וְלֹא יִצְמַח נֵזֶק מִמְּךָ לְהֶבֶל כְּלוּם.
If you forgo your middos, you will rise above this nisayon, and no damage will come from you, not even a trifle.
וְאִם לֹא תֵיטִיב לַפֶּתַח חַטָּאת רוֹבֵץ,
But if you do not do good, sin crouches at the entrance,
הַחַטָּאת רוֹבֵץ לְךָ לַעֲשׂוֹת לְךָ הַפֶּתַח הַזֶּה,
The sin crouches for you, to make for you this opening,
שֶׁיִּרְאֶה כָּשֵׁר בְּעֵינֶיךָ וְתִרְדֹּף אַחַר הַקִּנְאָה הַזֹּאת.
that it should appear proper in your eyes, and you should pursue this jealousy.
וְאָמְנָם, נְגִיעָה גְּדוֹלָה יֵשׁ לְךָ בְּקִנְאָה הַזֹּאת,
And indeed, you have a great connection to this jealousy,
כִּי אַתָּה נוֹגֵעַ בָּזֶה שֶׁהֶבֶל הוּא גָּדוֹל מִמְּךָ וְלָכֵן יֵשׁ לְךָ הִתְנַפְּלוּת מִמַּעֲלָתוֹ וְלֹא קִנְאַת סוֹפְרִים הִיא זֶה,
For you are touching upon this, that the 'hevel' (vanity/breath) is greater than you, and therefore you have an attack from its loftiness, and this is not 'kinas sofrim' (the jealousy of scribes).
אֶלָּא קִנְאַת עַצְמוֹ, שֶׁחָרָה לְךָ מַה שֶּׁאַתָּה פָּחוֹת מֵהֶבֶל אָחִיךָ,
Rather, it was jealousy of himself, that it pained you that you were less than Hevel your brother,
וְאִם לֹא תַּרְגִּישׁ הַנְּגִיעָה הַזֹּאת סוֹפְךָ שֶׁתְּסוֹבֵב לְךָ כִּי תֵּרֵד מַטָּה עַד שֶׁתַּהֲרֹג אֶת הֶבֶל וְעוֹד תִּסְבּוֹר שֶׁעַל פִּי דִּין עָשִׂיתָ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא תַּרְגִּישׁ הַנְּגִיעָה.
And if you will not feel this touch, your end will be that it will bring you down until you kill Hevel, and you will even think that you acted according to the law, because you will not feel the touch.
הֲרֵי לָנוּ מִזֶּה שֶׁכָּל הַגָּדוֹל מֵחֲבֵירוֹ יִצְרוֹ גָּדוֹל מִמֶּנּוּ (סוּכָּה נ"ב),
From this, it is clear to us that whoever is greater than his fellow, his yetzer hara is greater than his (Sukkah 52b),
לְלָכְדֵהוּ בְּפֶתַח כָּשֵׁר, וְיֵשׁ לָאָדָם הַבְּחִירָה לְהַרְגִּישׁ הַנְּגִיעָה שֶׁל קִנְאָתוֹ וּלְהֵיטִיב מַעֲשָׂיו הֵן בְּסוּר מֵרָע וְהֵן בַּעֲשֵׂה טוֹב,
to trap him with a kosher opening, and a person has the choice to feel the touch of his jealousy and to improve his deeds, both by turning away from evil and by doing good,
בִּלְתִּי לְהַנִּיחַ עַצְמוֹ בְּיַד הַנְּגִיעָה שֶׁתַּפִּיל לוֹ פָּנָיו וְיִתְיָאֵשׁ מִן כָּל מַעֲשֵׂה הָעֲבוֹדָה.
Not to let himself fall into the grip of the touch of impurity that will cause his face to fall and he will despair of all avodah.
נמצא שגם אחר ההכרה במהות התורה כי "דרכיה דרכי נועם" (משלי ג' י"ז).
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יֵשׁ לָאָדָם לִמְצֹא אֶת הַפֶּתַח הֶכָּשֵׁר, וְזֹאת הִיא עֲבוֹדָה קָשָׁה מִן הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאַר לְעֵיל.
A person must find the kosher opening, and this is a harder avodah than the first, as was explained above.
כִּי לְהַרְגִּישׁ אֶת הַפֶּתַח כְּשֶׁר לְחִסָּרוֹן,
For to feel the opening is fit for deficiency,
לֹא יוּכַל מִצַּד הַהַכָּרָה אֶלָּא מִצַּד רְצוֹנוֹ הַטָּהוֹר,
He will not be able from the side of recognition, but rather from the side of his pure will,
יַעַן כִּי הוּא רוֹצֶה אֶת הָאֱמֶת בְּלִי שׁוּם נְגִיעָה.
Because he desires the truth without any personal bias.
וְעַל טָעוּת הַזֶּה הֵעִידוּ לָנוּ חֲזַ"ל בְּמַאֲמָרָם: אָמַר לוֹ זוּנִין לְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא: לִבִּי וְלִבְּךָ יָדַע דְּעַכּוּ"ם לֵית בָּהּ מִשְׁשָׁא, וְהָא קָא חָזֵינַן גַּבְרֵי דְּאָזְלִי כִּי מִתְבְּרֵי וְאָתוּ כִּי מִצְמְדֵי (מְפָרֵשׁ רַשִׁ"י וְזַ"ל: פִּיסְחִים הַהוֹלְכִים לַעֲכוּ"ם שֶׁנִּתְפָּרְקוּ אֵיבְרֵיהֶן מֵחֲמַת חָלְיָן וְחוֹזְרִין בְּאֵיבָרִים מְצֻמָּדִים).
And concerning this error, Chazal testified to us in their statement: Zunin said to Rabbi Akiva: My heart and your heart know that there is no substance in avodah zarah, yet we see men who go when they are broken and come back when they are mended (Rashi explains, and this is his wording: Lame people who go to avodah zarah, whose limbs were dislocated due to their illness, and they return with mended limbs).
עַל כֵּן תֵּירוּץ לוֹ:
Therefore, he will answer him:
וְכִי מִפְּנֵי שֶׁשׁוֹטֶה זֶה עָשָׂה שֶׁלֹּא כַּהוֹגֶן אָנוּ נְאַבֵּד שְׁבוּעָתֵנוּ,
And because this fool acted improperly, shall we lose our oath,
וְהַיְינוּ דְּאָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן וְחֳלָיִם רָעִים וְנֶאֱמָנִים (דְּבָרִים כ"ח),
And this is what Rabbi Yochanan said: 'and severe and faithful illnesses' (Devarim 28),
רָעִים בִּשְׁלִיחוּתָן וְנֶאֱמָנִים בִּשְׁבוּעָתָן (ע"ז נ"ה).
They are evil in their mission, but faithful to their oath (Avodah Zarah 55a).
בֵּאוּרוֹ כִּי הָעֳנָשִׁין שֶׁל מֶלֶךְ בָּשָׂר וָדָם אֵינוֹ דּוֹמֶה לְמַלְכוּתָא דִּרְקִיעַ,
Its explanation is that the punishments of a king of flesh and blood are not similar to the Kingship of Heaven,
בְּכַמּוּתוֹ וְאֵיכוּתוֹ, כִּי בְּמַלְכוּתָא דְאַרְעָא אִם יַגְבִּילוּ עֹנֶשׁ זֶה עַל עָוֹן זֶה,
in its quantity and its quality, for in an earthly kingdom if they limit this punishment for this sin,
לֹא נוּכַל לִשְׁאֹל מַדּוּעַ הוּא סְכוּם זֶה דַּוְקָא וְלֹא פָּחוֹת וְלֹא יוֹתֵר,
We cannot ask why this amount specifically, and not less and not more,
כִּי זֶה מִן הַנִּמְנָע שֶׁיְּהֵא הָעֹנֶשׁ שָׁקוּל כְּנֶגֶד הָעָוֹן שִׁקּוּל מְדֻיָּק,
For this is impossible, that the punishment should be weighed against the sin with precise weighing,
לְפִי שֶׁאֵין בְּשֵׂכֶל אֱנוֹשִׁי לִשְׁקוֹל כַּמּוּת וְאֵיכוּת הָעָוֹן וְכַמּוּת וְאֵיכוּת הָעֹנֶשׁ,
Because there is not in human intellect to weigh the quantity and quality of the sin, and the quantity and quality of the punishment,
אֶלָּא נִתָּן וְנֶחְקַק לְפִי הַהַשְׂעָרָה שֶׁעֹנֶשׁ זֶה יַגְבִּיל וְיַגְדִּיר בְּעַד הַחוֹטֵא שֶׁלֹּא בִּמְהֵרָה יָשׁוּב לְכִסְלוֹ פַּעַם שְׁנִית.
Rather, it was given and engraved according to the estimation that this punishment will limit and define for the sinner, so that he will not quickly return to his folly a second time.
לא כן המלכותא דרקיע, העונש שיגזור הבורא הוא שוה נגד העון לגמרי ולא יכריע העונש על העון והעון על העונש אפילו משהו והוט השערה,
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ולכן הם רעים בשליחותן ונאמנים בשבועתן בל יגרעו ובל יוסיפו לא רגע מוקדם ולא רגע מאוחר כפי גזירת הבורא,
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והאדם הזה שנגזר עליו היסורין המה נאמנים בשבועתם לסלק ממנו כבוא הרגע האחרונה,
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היסורין מוכרחים להם, להבדל ממנו כי נאמנים המה,
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והגם שהוא עומד בבית עכו"ם.
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ע"ז אמרו כי מפני ששוטה זה וכו' אנו נאבד שבועתנו ?
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ורבי יהודה מתרץ שם תירוץ שני :
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"מהא מלתא דאמר רב "אשר חלק ד' אלקיך אותם לכל העמים" (דברים ד'),
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מלמד שהחליקן בדברים כדי לטורדן מן העולם,
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שמפרש רש"י ז"ל בד"ה שהחליקן בדברים מניחן לטעות (שם),
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וביאורו שאין הכוונה בזה,
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חָלִילָה, שֶׁנָּתַן מַמָּשׁוּת בַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה כְּדֵי לִטְעוֹת בָּהֶן הַבְּרִיּוֹת.
Chas v'shalom, that He gave substance to avodah zarah in order to mislead people with them.
כִּי בֶּאֱמֶת אֵין מַמָּשׁ בַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה.
For in truth, there is no substance to idolatry.
אֶלָּא הַכַּוָּנָה, שֶׁאָמְנָם הָיָה יוּכַל הַבּוֹרֵא לְסַבֵּב שֶׁלֹּא יִכָּנֵס בְּרֶגַע שֶׁלִּפְנֵי רֶגַע הָאַחֲרוֹנָה לְבֵית עַכּוּ"ם אוֹ לְסַבֵּב מִשֵּׁשֶׁת יְמֵי בְּרֵאשִׁית שֶׁהָרֶגַע הָאַחֲרוֹנָה יִהְיֶה קֹדֶם כְּנִיסָתוֹ לְעַכּוּ"ם וְעַל זֹאת תֵּרֵץ שֶׁלָּכֵן מִתְנַהֵג עַד דֶּרֶךְ זֹאת כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיֶה מָקוֹם לִטְעוֹת שֶׁיָּכוֹל לַחְשֹׁב שֶׁהָעַכּוּ"ם רִפֵּא לוֹ,
Rather, the intention is that indeed the Creator could have brought about that he would not enter, at the moment before the last moment, a house of idolatry, or to have brought about from the Six Days of Creation that the last moment would be before his entry into idolatry. And concerning this, he answered that therefore He conducts Himself in this manner, so that there will be room for error, that he might think that the idolatry healed him,
וְהָיְתָה לוֹ הַבְּחִירָה לִמְסֹר רְפוּאָתוֹ עַל גְּזֵרַת הַשֵּׁם וּלְהַמְתִּין עַל כְּלוֹת הַגְּזֵרָה,
And he had the choice to entrust his healing to the decree of Hashem and to wait for the decree to end,
וְאָז הָיָה מִתְבָּרֵר לוֹ כִּי נֶאֱמָנִים בִּשְׁבוּעָתָן,
And then it would become clear to him that they are faithful to their oath,
אֶלָּא טִרְדַּת נַפְשׁוֹ לְהַקְדִּים מַה שֶּׁאַחַר הַבּוֹרֵא הָיְתָה מְדַחֶקֶת לוֹ הַשָּׁעָה וְלֹא יָכוֹל לִכְבּוֹשׁ אֶת יִצְרוֹ וְרָץ לְבֵית עַכּוּ"ם,
Rather, the turmoil of his soul to prioritize what is after the Creator, the moment was pressing him, and he could not conquer his yetzer hara, and he ran to a house of avodah zarah,
אִם הוּא אָדָם כָּזֶה, נוֹתֵן לוֹ מָקוֹם לִטְעוֹת שֶׁיַּחֲשֹׁב שֶׁבֶּאֱמֶת רִפֵּא לוֹ הָעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה,
If he is such a person, He gives him room to err, that he should think that the avodah zarah truly healed him,
וְיֵשׁ הַלַּיְלָה מַמָּשׁ בָּהּ, וְלָכֵן "צַדִּיקִים יֵלְכוּ בָם וּפוֹשְׁעִים יִכָּשְׁלוּ בָם" (הוֹשֵׁעַ י"ד ד').
And there is literally night within it, and therefore "the righteous will walk in them and the transgressors will stumble in them" (Hoshea 14:4).
כִּי לְפִי שֶׁבֶּאֱמֶת אֵין מַמָּשׁ בַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְהַיִּסּוּרִין נֶאֱמָנִים בִּשְׁבוּעָתָן וְהַכֹּל תָּלוּי רַק בִּבְחִירַת הָאָדָם.
For according to the truth, there is no substance in avodah zarah, and the sufferings are faithful in their oath, and everything depends only on a person's choice.
הַצַּדִּיק הַמַּאֲמִין בַּה' אֵינוֹ פּוֹנֶה לְשׁוּם דָּבָר וּמְצַפֶּה עַד כְּלוֹת הַגְּזֵרָה וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִתְאַמֵּת לוֹ זֶה בַּחוּשׁ,
The tzaddik who believes in Hashem does not turn to anything else, and he waits until the decree is finished, and afterwards this is confirmed for him through his senses,
וְהָרָשָׁע שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהַמְתִּין יָרוּץ לְבֵית עַכּוּ"ם וְנָתְנוּ לוֹ מָקוֹם לִטְעוֹת הוּא יִכָּשֵׁל בּוֹ.
And the wicked person who cannot wait will run to a house of idolatry, and if they give him a place to err, he will stumble in it.
נִמְצָא שֶׁמִּמְּקוֹם טָעוּת הַזֶּה, הַצַּדִּיק נִבְנֶה מִמֶּנָּה וְהָרָשָׁע יִלָּכֵד בָּהּ.
It turns out that from this very place of error, the tzaddik is built up from it, and the rasha will be trapped by it.
וְגַם לְהַצְדִּיק מוֹצָא הַיֵּצֶר לְהַטְעוֹתוֹ בְּטָעוּת הַדַּק יוֹתֵר, כְּמוֹ בְּפֶתַח כָּשֵׁר שֶׁל קַיִן וְכַדּוֹמֶה.
And also to justify the yetzer hara's source, to mislead him with an even more subtle error, like with Kayin's 'kosher opening' and similar cases.
וְהָרְשׁוּת נְתוּנָה לִבְנֵי אָדָם לְבָרֵר גַּם מְקוֹם הַטָּעוּת וּלְנַצְּחוֹ.
And permission is given to people to clarify also the place of error and to overcome it.
וְהַבְּחִירָה הַזֹּאת לִהְיוֹת מֵשִׂים לֵב עַל דְּרָכָיו בַּל יִטְעֶה גַּם בִּמְקוֹם הַטָּעוּת,
And this choice, to be attentive to one's ways so that he not err even in a place of error,
קָשֶׁה הַרְבֵּה יוֹתֵר מִבְּחִירַת הַטּוֹב בִּכְלָל,
It is much harder than choosing the good in general,
עַד שֶׁגַּם הָאֲנָשִׁים הָרָמִים בְּמַעֲלָה לֹא נִמְלְטוּ מִזֶּה.
Until even the people lofty in stature were not saved from this.
בְּשִׁבְטֵי יָהּ מָצִינוּ שֶׁחָשְׁדוּ אֶת יוֹסֵף בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ מַמָּשׁ,
Among the tribes of Hashem, we find that they suspected Yosef of something that had no substance,
וְעָשׂוּ עַל יְדֵי זֶה צַוָּאָה מְזֻיֶּפֶת,
And through this, they made a falsified will,
שָׁמְעוּ לָדוּן הַנְהָגָתוֹ אֶתְכֶם לְרָעָה שְׁנֵי פְּעָמִים,
They listened to judge his conduct towards you for bad two times,
כְּמוֹ שֶׁמְּבֹאָר בַּמִּדְרָשׁ (בְּרֵאשִׁית רַבָּה פָּרָשָׁה ק') וַיָּשָׁב יוֹסֵף מִצְרַיְמָה וְגוֹ' (בְּרֵאשִׁית נ' י"ד) רַבִּי לֵוִי אָמַר שֶׁלֹּא זִימְּנָן לִסְעוּדָה,
As is explained in the Midrash (Bereishis Rabbah Parsha 100) regarding 'And Yosef returned to Mitzrayim, etc.' (Bereishis 50:14), Rabbi Levi said that he did not invite them to a meal,
אָמַר רַבִּי תַּנְחוּמָא הוּא לֹא נִתְכַּוֵּן אֶלָּא לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם,
Rabbi Tanchuma said: He intended only for the sake of Heaven,
אָמַר לְשֶׁעָבַר אַבָּא מוֹשִׁיב לִי לְמַעְלָה מִיהוּדָה שֶׁהוּא מֶלֶךְ,
He said, 'In the past, my father would seat me above Yehudah, who is a king,'
וּלְמַעְלָה מֵרְאוּבֵן שֶׁהוּא בְּכוֹר,
And higher than Reuven, who is a firstborn,
עַכְשָׁיו אֵינוֹ בְּדִין שֶׁאֵשֵׁב לְמַעְלָה מֵהֶן,
Now it is not proper that I should sit above them,
וְהֵם לֹא אָמְרוּ כֵן אֶלָּא לוּ יִשְׂטְמֵנוּ יוֹסֵף (שָׁם).
And they did not say so, except, 'Perhaps Yosef will hate us' (there).
רַבִּי יִצְחָק אָמַר, הָלַךְ וְהִצִּיץ בְּאוֹתוֹ הַבּוֹר.
Rebbi Yitzchak said, he went and peered into that pit.
אָמַר רַבִּי תַּנְחוּמָא הוּא לֹא נִתְכַּוֵּן אֶלָּא לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם,
Rabbi Tanchuma said: He intended only for the sake of Heaven,
וְהֵם לֹא אָמְרוּ כֵן אֶלָּא "לוּ יִשְׂטְמֵנוּ יוֹסֵף" (שָׁם) (וּמְפָרֵשׁ שָׁם בְּמ"כ וְזַ"ל:
And they did not say so, rather, "Perhaps Yosef will hate us" (there) (and it explains there in the Mikraos Gedolos, and this is its wording:
אֶלָּא לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם, לְבָרֵךְ בָּרוּךְ שֶׁעָשָׂה לִי נֵס בַּמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה, עַד כָּאן).
rather, for the sake of Heaven, to make a bracha, 'Blessed is He Who performed a miracle for me in this place,' until here).
הֲרֵי לָנוּ, אַף שֶׁהַתּוֹרָה הֵעִידָה עַל יוֹסֵף הַצַּדִּיק,
Behold for us, even though the Torah testified about Yosef HaTzaddik,
כִּי בְּעֵת שֶׁרָאָה יוֹסֵף אֶת אֶחָיו וַיִּזְכֹּר אֶת הַחֲלוֹמוֹת אֲשֶׁר חָלַם לָהֶם (בְּרֵאשִׁית מ"ב ט'),
For when Yosef saw his brothers, he remembered the dreams that he had dreamed about them (Bereishis 42:9),
וְלֹא כְּתִיב כִּי נִזְכַּר מַה שֶּׁעָשָׂה לוֹ אָחִיו,
And it is not written that he remembered what his brother had done to him,
נִשְׁמַע מִזֶּה עַד כַּמָּה הָיָה גָּבוֹהַּ מַדְרֵגַת יוֹסֵף בְּתִקּוּן הַמִּדּוֹת עַד כִּי לֹא זָכַר גַּם בְּמַחְשַׁבְתּוֹ כָּל הַהַרְפַּתְקָאוֹת שֶׁעָשׂוּ לוֹ אֶחָיו וְהָיָה רָחוֹק בְּתַכְלִית מִן רֹשֶׁם מַשֶּׁהוּ שֶׁל רָצוֹן נְקָמָה,
From this we hear how high was Yosef's madreiga in rectifying his middos, to the extent that he did not remember even in his thought all the adventures his brothers did to him, and he was utterly far from any impression of a desire for revenge,
בְּכָל זֹאת חָשְׁדוּ לוֹ אֶחָיו כִּי רוֹצֶה לְהִנָּקֵם מֵהֶם עַד שֶׁהָיוּ מֻכְרָחִים לַעֲשׂוֹת צַוָּאָה מְזוּיֶּפֶת,
Nevertheless, his brothers suspected him that he wanted to take revenge on them, until they were forced to make a forged will,
וְאֵיךְ בֶּאֱמֶת בָּא לָהֶם הַחֲשָׁד הַזֶּה?
And how, truly, did this suspicion come to them?
וְאֵיךְ נִכְנַס אֶצְלָם הָעֲבֵירָה הַזֹּאת?
And how did this aveirah enter among them?
הוּא הַדָּבָר שֶׁאָמַרְנוּ, שֶׁנִּתָּן מָקוֹם לִטְעוֹת וְאַף הַגְּבוֹהִים יָכְלוּ לִטְעוֹת בּוֹ,
This is the matter that we said, that room was given to err and even the elevated ones could err in it,
אֶלָּא שֶׁהַבְּחִירָה קַיֶּמֶת כִּי הָיוּ יְכוֹלִים לִמְצֹא הַנְּגִיעָה הַקְּדוּמָה שֶׁנֶּחְבֵּאת בְּמַצְפּוּנָם אֲשֶׁר הַנְּגִיעָה הַהִיא הָיְתָה סִבָּה גַּם כֵּן לְשִׂנְאָתָם אוֹתוֹ וְלִמְכִירָתָם אוֹתוֹ לְמִצְרַיִם,
Rather, the free choice exists, for they could have found the primordial touch that was hidden in their conscience, for that touch was also a cause for their hatred of him and for their selling him to Mitzrayim,
הִיא נְגִיעָה שֶׁל כְּתֹנֶת פַּסִּים,
It is a touch of a striped tunic,
הַדַּקָּה מִן הַדַּקָּה אֲשֶׁר לֹא הָיְתָה יְדוּעָה אֶצְלָהּ בַּתְּחִלָּה,
The most subtle of subtleties, which was not known to her at first,
כַּמְּבֹאָר בַּחֲזַ"ל:
As explained by Chazal:
שֶׁבִּשְׁבִִיל מִשְׁקַל שְׁנֵי סְלָעִים מִילַּת שֶׁנָּתַן יַעֲקֹב לְיוֹסֵף יוֹתֵר מִשְּׁאָר בָּנָיו נִתְקַנְּאוּ בוֹ אֶחָיו.
For because of the value of two sela'im of fine wool that Yaakov gave to Yosef more than his other sons, his brothers became jealous of him (Shabbos 10a).
וְלוּלֵא הַנְּגִיעָה הָיוּ רוֹאִים עַתָּה הַמִּשְׁפָּט הַמְּדֻיָּק,
And were it not for the personal involvement, they would now see the precise judgment,
אוֹ שֶׁהָיוּ דָּנִים אוֹתוֹ לְכַף זְכוּת,
or that they would judge him favorably,
אֶלָּא מַה שֶּׁמַּרְאֵה עֵינֵיהֶם סִלֵּף מַבָּטָם וְחָשְׁדוּ אוֹתוֹ בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ,
Rather, what their eyes saw distorted their gaze, and they suspected him of something that was not in him,
אֶלָּא שֶׁהַבּוֹרֵא יִתְבָּרַךְ ה' יָכוֹל לְסַבֵּב שֶׁלֹּא יֵלְכוּ בַּדֶּרֶךְ הַזֶּה שֶׁהַבּוֹר נִמְצָא בּוֹ,
But that the Creator, blessed be He, Hashem, is able to cause that they should not go on this path where the pit is found,
אוֹ בְּאוֹפֶן אַחֵר וְגַם שֶׁאָבִיו יִהְיֶה מְצַוֶּה לִפְנֵי מוֹתוֹ לָהֶם שֶׁיֵּשֵׁב גַּם אַחַר מִיתָתוֹ בְּרֹאשׁ אֶחָיו וְלֹא הָיָה כָּאן מָקוֹם לְטָעוּת.
Or in another way: and also that his father would command them before his death that he should sit even after his father's death at the head of his brothers, and there would be no room for error here.
וְהַתֵּירוּץ עַל זֶה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמְרוּ חֲזַ"ל הַנַּ"ל "שֶׁהֶחְלִיקוּ בִּדְבָרִים",
And the answer to this, as our Sages of blessed memory said above, is "that they were smooth with words" (they spoke deceptively).
וְהַיְינוּ, שֶׁהִנִּיחָן לִטְעוֹת, וּמִי שֶׁרוֹצֶה יָכוֹל לִטְעוֹת וּמִי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ נְגִיעָה לִטְעוֹת אֵינוֹ טוֹעֶה (וְעַיֵּין יְבָמוֹת ס"ה:)
And this means, that He left them to err, and one who wants can err, and one who has no personal interest to err does not err (and see Yevamos 65b).
מֻתָּר לוֹ לָאָדָם לְשַׁנּוֹת בִּדְבַר הַשָּׁלוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״אָבִיךָ צִוָּה וְכוּ׳ כֹּה תֹאמְרוּ לְיוֹסֵף וְגוֹ׳״ (בְּרֵאשִׁית נ׳),
It is permitted for a person to alter [the truth] for the sake of peace, as it is stated, “Your father commanded, etc., ‘So shall you say to Yosef, etc.’” (Bereishis 50).
רַבִּי נָתָן אָמַר מִצְוָה עַל מִי שֶׁמֵּת).
Rebbi Nasan said, 'A mitzvah for one who has died').
וְכֵן אֵצֶל הַמְרַגְּלִים מָצִינוּ שֶׁדִּבְּרוּ לָשׁוֹן הָרָע עַל הָאָרֶץ וַיָּנִיאוּ אֶת לֵב הָעָם מִלֶּכֶת בַּמִּלְחָמָה אִתָּם.
And so too, regarding the Meraglim, we find that they spoke lashon hara about the Land, and they discouraged the heart of the people from going to war with them.
מֵאַיִן בָּא לָהֶם הַחֵטְא הַזֶּה?
From where did this sin come to them?
הֲלֹא יָצְאוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם וְרָאוּ הַנִּסִּים קְרִיעַת יַם סוּף וְהַמִּלְחֶמֶת עֲמָלֵק,
Did they not go out from Mitzrayim and see the miracles of Krias Yam Suf and the war with Amalek,
וְהִכִּירוּ כִּי הַכֹּל לְפָנָיו יִתְבָּרַךְ שְׁמוֹ כְּלֹא וְאֵיךְ אָמְרוּ עַתָּה "אֶפֶס כִּי עַז הָעָם" (במדבר י"ג).
And they recognized that everything before Him, blessed be His Name, is as nothing, so how could they now say, "However, the people are strong" (Bamidbar 13:28)?
וְעוֹד אֵיךְ אָמְרוּ עַל הָאָרֶץ כִּי אוֹכֶלֶת יוֹשְׁבֶיהָ הִיא (שָׁם), מִפְּנֵי שֶׁעוֹסְקִים כֻּלָּם בִּקְבוּרַת מֵתִים.
And furthermore, how did they say about the land, 'for it is a land that consumes its inhabitants' (there, Bamidbar 13:32), because they are all occupied with burying the dead.
הֲלֹא אָמְרוּ חֲזַ"ל, אָמַר הַקָּבָּ"ה אֲנִי חֲשַׁבְתִּיהָ לְטוֹבָה דְּכָל הֵיכָא דְּמָטֵי,
Didn't Chazal say, the Holy One, blessed be He, said, "I considered it for good, that wherever it reaches,"
מַה חֲשׁוֹכָא דִּידְהוּ, כִּי הֵיכִי דְּנִטָּרְדוּ וְלֹא לִשְׁאָלוֹ אַבַּתְרַיְיהוּ (סוֹטָה ל"ה),
What was their darkness, so that they would be driven away and not be asked about afterwards (Sotah 35),
וְאֵיךְ לֹא הֵבִינוּ זֹאת?
And how did they not understand this?
אָמְנָם גַּם כָּאן הָיָה יָכוֹל הַשֵּׁם לְסַבֵּב שֶׁלֹּא יָחוּשׁוּ יוֹשְׁבֵי הָאָרֶץ אֶת הַמְרַגְּלִים בְּאוֹפֶן אַחֵר,
Indeed, even here Hashem could have arranged that the inhabitants of the land would not sense the spies in a different way,
שֶׁהַהַצָּלָה יַשִּׂיגוּ וְלֹא יִהְיֶה לָהֶם מָקוֹם לִטְעוֹת,
that they will achieve salvation and there will be no room for them to err,
אֶלָּא שֶׁלְּכָךְ גָּזַר הַבּוֹרֵא הַהַצָּלָה בְּאוֹפֶן זֶה,
Rather, for this reason the Creator decreed the salvation in this manner,
כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּהִי גַּם כֵּן מָקוֹם לִטְעוֹת וְצַדִּיקִים יֵלְכוּ בָם וּבִלְתִּי צַדִּיקִים יִכָּשְׁלוּ בָם,
so that there should also be room to err, and the righteous will walk in them, and the unrighteous will stumble in them,
וְלָכֵן הַמְרַגְּלִים שֶׁהָיָה לָהֶם נְגִיעָה לִטְעוֹת וְלִתְלוֹת הַחִסָּרוֹן בָּאָרֶץ,
And therefore, the Meraglim, who had a personal interest to err and to attribute the deficiency to the Land,
כִּי אֶרֶץ אוֹכֶלֶת יוֹשְׁבֶיהָ הִיא,
for it is a land that consumes its inhabitants,
כַּמְּבֹאָר בַּחֲזַ"ל, שֶׁיִּרְאוּ שֶׁאִם יִכָּנְסוּ לָאָרֶץ יְסַלְּקוּ אוֹתָם מִנְּשִׂיאוּתָם,
As explained by Chazal, that they would see that if they would enter the Land, they would be removed from their leadership positions,
לָכֵן טָעוּ, וּמִיָּד שֶׁרָאוּ עוֹסְקִים כֻּלָּם בִּקְבוּרַת מֵתִים לָכֶם הִכְרִיעָה לָהֶם כִּי הַחִסָּרוֹן הוּא מִן הָאָרֶץ.
Therefore they erred, and immediately when they saw everyone occupied with burying the dead, it decided for them that the deficiency is from the earth.
וְגַם כְּשֶׁרָאוּ אֶת הָעֲנָקִים טָעוּ בִּגְבוּרָתָם,
And even when they saw the giants, they erred regarding their strength,
כִּי לִכְבּוֹשׁ הָאֲנָשִׁים הָאֵלֶּה עַל פִּי דֶּרֶךְ הַטֶּבַע לֹא יָכוֹל לִהְיוֹת בִּמְצִיאוּת אִם לֹא עַל דֶּרֶךְ הַנֵּס.
For to conquer these people according to the way of nature cannot be in reality, if not through the way of a miracle.
וּמְבֹאָר בָּרַמְבַּ"ן שֶׁאָמְרוּ שֶׁאֵין אֲנַחְנוּ רְאוּיִין לְנִסִּים, לָכֵן אָמְרוּ אֶפֶס כִּי אָז הָעָם, וְאֵין אָנוּ רְאוּיִין לְנֵס.
And it is explained in the Ramban that they said that we are not worthy of miracles, therefore they said, "But then the people," and we are not worthy of a miracle.
בְּמִצְרַיִם הָיִינוּ בְּמַדְרֵגָה גְּבוֹהָה וְעַכְשָׁיו אֵין אָנוּ רְאוּיִין לָזֶה.
In Mitzrayim we were on a high madreiga, and now we are not worthy of this.
וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ וְכָלֵב שֶׁהָיוּ נְקִיִּים מִן הַנְּגִיעָה הַזֹּאת,
And Yehoshua and Calev, who were pure from this touch (of self-interest),
הֵמָּה לֹא טָעוּ בִּשְׁנֵי מְקוֹמוֹת הַטָּעוּת,
They did not err in the two places of error,
וְאַדְּרַבָּה, עוֹד הִתְחַזְּקוּ מִזֶּה,
And on the contrary, they were further strengthened by this,
כִּי רָאוּ יְשׁוּעַת ה' לִטְרוֹד כֻּלָּם בִּקְבוּרַת מֵתִים כְּדֵי לְהַצִּילָם דָּנוּ מִזֶּה כִּי הַבּוֹרֵא מַשְׁגִּיחַ עֲלֵיהֶם וּמַצִּילָם.
For they saw Hashem's salvation, to trouble them all with burying the dead in order to save them, they inferred from this that the Creator watches over them and saves them.
וְלָכֵן גַּם כִּי רָאוּ הָעֲנָקִים לֹא הִתְפַּעֲלוּ מִזֶּה כְּלָל,
And therefore, even when they saw the giants, they were not at all moved by this,
כִּי יָדְעוּ כִּי לְפָנָיו כְּאַיִן הֵמָּה וּמֵהַכָּרַת הַהַשְׁגָּחָה דָּנוּ כִּי הֵמָּה רְאוּיִין לְנֵס גַּם כֵּן.
For they knew that before Him they are as nothing, and from the recognition of Hashgacha (Divine Providence) they reasoned that they too are worthy of a miracle.
וְאָמְנָם בְּעִנְיָן זֶה אִם רָאוּי אִם לֹא רָאוּי אֵין זֶה סְפֵק הֲלָכָה,
And indeed, regarding this matter, whether it is fitting or not fitting, this is not a doubt of halacha,
אֶלָּא תָּלוּי לְפִי מַדְרֵגַת הָאָדָם,
Rather, it depends according to the person's madreiga,
כְּמַאֲמַר הַכָּתוּב: ה' צִלְּךָ עַל יַד יְמִינֶךָ (תְּהִלִּים קכ"א).
As the verse states: 'Hashem is your shadow upon your right hand' (Tehillim 121).
מַה הַצֵּל הַזֶּה אִם אַתָּה מַרְאֶה לוֹ יָד אַף הוּא מַרְאֶה לְךָ יָד,
What is this shadow? If you show it a hand, it also shows you a hand.
וְאִם אַתָּה מַרְאֶה לוֹ אֶצְבַּע אַף הוּא מַרְאֶה לְךָ אֶצְבַּע,
And if you show him a finger, he too shows you a finger,
בְּעֵת שֶׁהָאָדָם מַסְכִּים בְּדַעְתּוֹ כִּי הוּא רָאוּי לְנִסָּיוֹן וְלֹא מִתְהַפֵּךְ בְּדַעְתּוֹ כְּלָל לְצַד אַחֵר,
At the time a person agrees in his mind that he is worthy of a nisayon, and does not turn his mind at all to another side,
זֶה גּוּפָא הַגּוֹרֵם שֶׁיְּהֵא רָאוּי וְאִם נִתְרַפָּא בְּדַעְתּוֹ וּמְפַחֵד שֶׁמָּא אֵינוֹ רָאוּי זֶה גּוּפָא הַגּוֹרֵם שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא רָאוּי.
This very thing is what causes him to be worthy, and if he becomes weak in his mind and fears that perhaps he is not worthy, this very thing is what causes him not to be worthy.
וְלָכֵן יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְכָלֵב שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ נוֹגְעִים בִּכְנִיסַת הָאָרֶץ וְרָאוּ הַמְּצִיאוּת כִּי טוֹב הָאָרֶץ וּרְאוּיִם הֵמָּה לְנִסִּים לָכֵן לֹא טָעוּ כְּלוּם בְּהָעִנְיָן,
And therefore Yehoshua and Calev, who were not personally invested in entering the Land, and they saw the reality that the Land was good and they were worthy of miracles, therefore they did not err at all in the matter.
וְהַמְרַגְּלִים שֶׁהָיוּ נוֹגְעִים בָּזֶה,
And the Meraglim, who were involved in this,
וּפָעֲלָה עֲלֵיהֶם הַנְּגִיעָה לְפַחֲדָם אוּלַי אֵינָם רְאוּיִים,
And the touch worked upon them to make them fear, perhaps they are not worthy,
זֶהוּ גּוּפָא הַגּוֹרֵם בֶּאֱמֶת שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ רְאוּיִים לְנִסִּים,
This very thing is truly the cause that they are not worthy of miracles,
וּבֶאֱמֶת אֶצְלָם עַז הָעָם הַזֶּה וְלֹא יוּכְלוּ לְכָבְשָׁם,
And truly, by them, 'this nation is mighty,' and they will not be able to conquer them,
אֶלָּא שֶׁהַתְּבִיעָה עֲלֵיהֶם הִיא,
Rather, the demand upon them is,
שֶׁהָיָה לָהֶם לְהַרְגִּישׁ הַנְּגִיעָה,
that they should have felt the touch,
וְכָל טַעֲנָתָם הוּא שָׁוְא וְשֶׁקֶר וְרַק רוּחַ הַנְּגִיעָה דּוֹבֵר בָּם,
And their entire claim is vanity and falsehood, and only the spirit of personal interest speaks within them,
כִּי אָז הָיוּ מִתְעַלִּים מִן הַמָּקוֹם טָעוּת הַזֶּה וְעַכְשָׁיו שֶׁלֹּא הִרְגִּישׁוּ טָעוּ בַּמָּקוֹם טָעוּת הַזֶּה וְעוֹד נָפְלוּ מִמַּדְרֵגָתָם.
For then they would have ascended from this place of error, but now, because they did not sense it, they erred in this place of error and, furthermore, fell from their spiritual level.
We must constantly examine our hearts to uncover the subtle biases, the 'negiya', that can twist our perception and lead us astray, even in seemingly 'kosher' situations. Like Yosef's brothers or the Meraglim, we can misinterpret events if we don't recognize our own hidden agendas. Let's strive for pure intention, trusting in Hashem's hashgacha and our own worthiness for miracles, rather than letting fear or jealousy dictate our actions and lead us into error.