Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה
This chapter continues the Rambam's detailed exposition of the laws of muktzeh on Shabbos, focusing on the status of various household items, tools, and raw materials. It delineates which items are classified as utensils used for permitted purposes, which are utensils used for forbidden purposes, and which are completely muktzeh and may not be moved at all.
Specifically, the halachos address the status of weaving implements, brooms, leftover building bricks, and broken shards of utensils. It also explores the unique leniencies granted for the sake of human dignity (kevod habriyos), such as carrying stones on Shabbos for personal hygiene, and details the status of worn-out garments and mats.
All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.
הל׳ א
טִלְטוּל כְּלֵי הָאוֹרֵג בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 1 · Moving the Utensils of a Weaver on Shabbos
כָּלAllכְּלֵיutensils ofהָאוֹרֵגthe weaverוַחֲבָלָיוand his cordsוְקָנִיםand reedsשֶׁלּוֹof hisמֻתָּרare permittedלְטַלְטְלָןto move themכִּכְלִיlike a utensilשֶׁמְּלַאכְתּוֹwhose work isלְאִסּוּרfor prohibitionחוּץexceptמִכֹּבֶדfrom the beamהָעֶלְיוֹןthe upperוְכֹבֶדand the beamהַתַּחְתּוֹןthe lowerלְפִיbecauseשֶׁאֵיןthat they are notנִטָּלִיןmovedמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהֵןthat they areתְּקוּעִין.fixedוְכֵןand soהָעַמּוּדִיםthe pillarsשֶׁלofאוֹרֵגa weaverאָסוּרit is forbiddenלְטַלְטְלָןto move themשֶׁמָּאlestיְתַקֵּןhe will repairהַגֻּמּוֹתthe holesשֶׁלָּהֶן.of theirsוּשְׁאָרand the rest ofכְּלֵיthe utensils ofהָאוֹרֵגthe weaverמֻתָּרִין:are permitted
This halacha details which parts of a weaving loom may be moved on Shabbos and which are forbidden due to being fixed or causing a hole to be filled.
הל׳ ב
דִּין מִכְבָּדוֹת וּלְבֵנִים הַנִּשְׁאָרוֹת מִן הַבִּנְיָן בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 2 · The Status of Brooms and Leftover Bricks on Shabbos
מִכְבָּדוֹתBroomsשֶׁלofתְּמָרָהdate-palmוְכַיּוֹצֵאand the likeבָּהֶןof themשֶׁמְּכַבְּדִיןthat they sweepבָּהֶןwith themאֶת—הַקַּרְקַעthe groundהֲרֵיbeholdהֵןtheyכִּכְלִיare like a utensilשֶׁמְּלַאכְתּוֹwhose workלְהֶתֵּרis for permissionשֶׁהֲרֵיsinceמֻתָּרit is permittedלְכַבֵּדto sweepבְּשַׁבָּת.on ShabbosלְבֵנִיםBricksשֶׁנִּשְׁאֲרוּthat remainedמִןfromהַבִּנְיָןthe buildingהֲרֵיbeholdהֵןtheyכִּכְלִיare like a utensilשֶׁמְּלַאכְתּוֹwhose workלְהֶתֵּרis for permissionמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁרְאוּיִיןthey are fitלְהָסֵבto reclineעֲלֵיהֶןupon themשֶׁהֲרֵיsinceשָׁפִיןthey smoothאוֹתָןthemוּמְתַקְּנִיןand adjustאוֹתָן.themוְאִםand ifצָבַרhe piledאוֹתָןthemהֲרֵיbeholdהִקְצָםhe set them asideוְאָסוּרand it is forbiddenלְטַלְטְלָם:to move them
This halacha defines the muktza status of brooms and leftover building bricks based on their potential permitted uses on Shabbos.
הל׳ ג
טִלְטוּל שִׁבְרֵי כֵלִים וּמְגוּפַת חָבִית בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 3 · Carrying Broken Shards and Barrel Stoppers on Shabbos
חֶרֶסA shardקְטַנָּהsmallמֻתָּרis permittedלְטַלְטְלָהּto carry itאֲפִלּוּevenבִּרְשׁוּתin the domainהָרַבִּיםof the publicהוֹאִילsinceוּרְאוּיָהand fitהִיאit isבְּחָצֵרin a courtyardלְכַסּוֹתto coverבָּהּwith itפִּיthe opening ofכְּלִיa utensilקָטָן.smallמְגוּפַתThe stopper ofחָבִיתa barrelשֶׁנִּתְכַּתְתָּהthat was brokenהִיאitוּשְׁבָרֶיהָand its piecesמֻתָּרare permittedלְטַלְטְלָהּto carry itוְאִםand ifזְרָקָהּhe threw itלָאַשְׁפָּהto the garbage dumpמִבְּעוֹדwhile yetיוֹםdayאָסוּרit is forbiddenלְטַלְטְלָהּ.to carry itכְּלִיA utensilשֶׁנִּתְרוֹעֵעַthat became shakyלֹאone may notיִתְלֹשׁdetachמִמֶּנּוּfrom itחֶרֶסa shardלְכַסּוֹתto coverבּוֹwith itאוֹorלִסְמֹךְto supportבּוֹ:with it
This halacha discusses the laws of muktzah regarding broken shards of utensils and barrel stoppers on Shabbos.
הל׳ ד
טִלְטוּל אֲבָנִים לְקִנּוּחַ בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 4 · Carrying Stones for Cleaning Oneself on Shabbos
מֻתָּרIt is permittedלְהַכְנִיסto bringלְבֵיתinto theהַכִּסֵּאprivyשָׁלֹשׁthreeאֲבָנִיםstonesמְקֻרְזָלוֹתroundedלְקַנֵּחַto cleanבָּהֶןwith themוְכַמָּהand how muchשִׁעוּרָןis their measureכִּמְלֹאlike the fullness ofהַיָּד.the handאֲבָלbutאֲדָמָהearthשֶׁהִיאwhich isקְרוֹבָהcloseלְהִתְפָּרֵךְto crumblingאָסוּרis forbiddenלְטַלְטְלָהּto carry itלְקַנֵּחַto cleanבָּהּ.with itוּמֻתָּרand it is permittedלְהַעֲלוֹתto bring upאֲבָנִיםstonesלַגַּגto the roofלְקַנֵּחַto cleanבָּהֶן.with themיָרְדוּif descendedעֲלֵיהֶןupon themגְּשָׁמִיםrainsוְנִשְׁתַּקְעוּand they sankבְּטִיטin mudאִםifרִשּׁוּמָןtheir markנִכָּרis recognizableמֻתָּרit is permittedלְטַלְטֵל.to carryאֶבֶןa stoneשֶׁיֵּשׁthat hasעָלֶיהָupon itטִנּוּףfilthשֶׁוַּדַּאיsince certainlyלְקַנֵּחַto cleanהִיאit isמֻתָּרit is permittedלְטַלְטְלָהּto carry itוַאֲפִלּוּand even ifהִיאit isגְּדוֹלָה:large
This halacha discusses the Rabbinic permission to carry muktzeh stones on Shabbos for the sake of human dignity in the bathroom.
הל׳ ה
דִּינֵי קִנּוּחַ בְּשַׁבָּת בִּצְרוֹר וְחֶרֶשׂ וַעֲשָׂבִיםHalacha 5 · Laws of Wiping on Shabbos with a Pebble, Shard, or Grasses
הָיָהIf there wasלְפָנָיוbefore himצְרוֹרa pebbleוְחֶרֶשׂand a shardמְקַנֵּחַhe wipesבַּצְּרוֹרwith the pebbleוְאִםand ifהָיָהwasהַחֶרֶשׂthe shardמֵאוֹגְנֵיfrom the rims ofכֵּלִיםvesselsמְקַנֵּחַhe wipesבַּחֶרֶשׂ.with the shardהָיוּIf there wereלְפָנָיוbefore himצְרוֹרa pebbleוַעֲשָׂבִיםand grassesאִםifהָיוּwereעֲשָׂבִיםthe grassesרַכִּיםsoftמְקַנֵּחַhe wipesבָּהֶןwith themוְאִםand ifלָאוnotמְקַנֵּחַhe wipesבַּצְּרוֹר:with the pebble
This halacha discusses the order of preference for materials used to clean oneself on Shabbos to avoid injury or violating prohibitions.
הל׳ ו
דִּין שְׁיָרֵי כֵלִים וּמַחְצְלָאוֹת שֶׁבָּלוּ בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 6 · The Status of Worn-Out Mats, Garments, and Broken Utensils on Shabbos
שְׁיָרֵיThe remnants ofמַחְצְלָאוֹתmatsשֶׁבָּלוּthat became worn outהֲרֵיbeholdהֵןtheyכִּכְלִיare like a utensilשֶׁמְּלַאכְתּוֹwhose workלְהֶתֵּרis for permissionמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁרְאוּיִיןthey are fitלְכַסּוֹתto coverבָּהֶןwith themהַטִּנּוּף.filthאֲבָלbutשְׁיָרֵיthe remnants ofבְּגָדִיםgarmentsשֶׁבָּלוּthat became worn outשֶׁאֵיןwhich do notבָּהֶןhave in themשְׁלֹשָׁהthreeעַלbyשְׁלֹשָׁהthreeאָסוּרit is forbiddenלְטַלְטְלָןto move themשֶׁאֵינָןfor they are notרְאוּיִיןfitלֹאneitherלַעֲנִיִּיםfor the poorוְלֹאnorלַעֲשִׁירִים.for the richשִׁבְרֵיThe broken pieces ofהַתַּנּוּרthe ovenמֻתָּרit is permittedלְטַלְטְלָןto move themוַהֲרֵיand beholdהֵןtheyכְּכָלare like allהַכֵּלִיםthe utensilsשֶׁמְּלַאכְתָּןwhose workלְהֶתֵּר.is for permissionכִּירָהA stoveשֶׁנִּשְׁמְטָהthat slipped outאַחַתoneמִיַּרְכוֹתֶיהָof its legsאָסוּרit is forbiddenלְטַלְטְלָהּto move itשֶׁמָּאlestיִתְקַע:he will fix it
This halacha discusses which remnants of broken or worn-out utensils retain their status as utensils and may be moved on Shabbos.
הל׳ ז
דִּין טִלְטוּל סֻלָּמוֹת וְקָנֶה בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 7 · The Laws of Moving Ladders and Reeds on Shabbos
סֻלָּםA ladderשֶׁלofעֲלִיָּהa loftאָסוּרis forbiddenלְטַלְטְלוֹto move itשֶׁאֵיןsince there is notעָלָיוupon itתּוֹרַתthe status ofכְּלִי.a utensilוְשֶׁלand that ofשׁוֹבָךְa dovecoteמֻתָּרis permittedלְהַטּוֹתוֹ.to tilt itאֲבָלbutלֹאnotיוֹלִיכוֹmay he carry itמִשּׁוֹבָךְfrom a dovecoteלְשׁוֹבָךְto a dovecoteשֶׁלֹּאso that notיַעֲשֶׂהhe will doכְּדֶרֶךְlike the wayשֶׁהוּאthat heעוֹשֶׂהdoesבְּחלon a weekdayוְיָבוֹאand he will comeלָצוּד.to snareקָנֶהA reedשֶׁמּוֹסְקִיןthat they harvestבּוֹwith itהַזֵּיתִיםthe olivesאִםifיֵשׁthere isעָלָיוupon itתּוֹרַתthe status ofכְּלִיa utensilהֲרֵיbeholdהוּאitכִּכְלִיis like a utensilשֶׁמְּלַאכְתּוֹwhose workלְאִסּוּר.is for a forbidden purposeקָנֶהA reedשֶׁהִתְקִינוֹthat prepared itבַּעַלthe master ofהַבַּיִתthe houseלִהְיוֹתto beפּוֹתֵחַopeningוְנוֹעֵלand lockingבּוֹwith itאִםifיֵשׁthere isתּוֹרַתthe status ofכְּלִיa utensilעָלָיוupon itהֲרֵיbeholdהוּאitכִּכְלִיis like a utensilשֶׁמְּלַאכְתּוֹwhose workלְהֶתֵּר:is for a permitted purpose
This halacha delineates which ladders and reeds have the status of a utensil to permit their movement on Shabbos.
הל׳ ח
סְתִימַת פֶּתַח בְּדֶלֶת הַנִּגְרֶרֶת עַל הָאָרֶץHalacha 8 · Closing an Opening with a Door that Drags on the Ground
דֶּלֶתA doorשֶׁהָיָהthat hadלָהּto itצִירa hingeאַףevenעַל·פִּיthoughשֶׁאֵיןthat there is notלָהּto itעַתָּהnowצִירa hingeשֶׁהֱכִינָהּthat he prepared itלִסְתֹּםto closeבָּהּwith itמָקוֹםa placeמֻקְצֶהset asideוְהִיאand itנִגְרֶרֶתdragsשֶׁנּוֹטְלִיןwhen they removeאוֹתָהּitוְסוֹתְמִיןand closeבָּהּ.with itוְכֵןand so tooחֲדָקִיםbramblesשֶׁסּוֹתְמִיןthat they closeבָּהֶןwith themהַפִּרְצָה.the breachוְכֵןand so tooמַחְצֶלֶתa matהַנִּגְרֶרֶת.that dragsבִּזְמַןat a timeשֶׁקְּשׁוּרִיןthat they are tiedוּתְלוּיִיןand hangingבַּכֹּתֶלon the wallסוֹתְמִיןthey may closeבָּהֶןwith themוְנוֹעֲלִיםand they may lockבָּהֶםwith themוְאִםand ifלָאוnotאֵיןthey may notנוֹעֲלִיןlockבָּהֶן.with themוְאִםand ifהָיוּthey wereגְּבוֹהִיםhighמֵעַלaboveהָאָרֶץthe groundנוֹעֲלִיןthey may lockבָּהֶן:with them
This halacha details the conditions under which a temporary door, brambles, or a mat may be used to close an opening on Shabbos without violating the prohibition of building.
הל׳ ט
דֶּלֶת שֶׁל לוּחַ אֶחָד וְנֶגֶר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּרֹאשׁוֹ קְלֻסְטְרָאHalacha 9 · A Door Made of a Single Board and a Bolt with a Bulb on Shabbos
דֶּלֶתA doorשֶׁהָיָהthat wasלָהּto itלוּחַa boardאֶחָדoneשֶׁשּׁוֹמְטִיןthat they removeאוֹתָהּ—וְנוֹעֲלִיןand lockבָּהּwith itאִםifלֹאnotהָיָהthere wasלָהּto itלְמַטָּהbelowכֵּןa baseכְּמוֹlikeאַסְקֻפָּהa doorstepשֶׁמּוֹכִיחַwhich provesעָלֶיהָupon itשֶׁהִיאthat it isכְּלִיa utensilמוּכָןpreparedלִנְעִילָהfor lockingאֵיןwe do notנוֹעֲלִיןlockבָּהּ.with itוְאִםand ifיֵשׁthere isלְמַטָּהbelowאַסְקֻפָּהa doorstepנוֹעֲלִיםwe lockבָּהּ.with itוְכֵןand likewiseנֶגֶרa boltשֶׁיֵּשׁthat hasבְּרֹאשׁוֹat its headקְלֻסְטְרָאa bulbשֶׁמּוֹכַחַתwhich provesעָלָיוupon itשֶׁהוּאthat it isכְּלִיa utensilמוּכָןpreparedלִנְעִילָהfor lockingוְאֵינוֹand is notקוֹרָהa beamכִּשְׁאָרlike otherכָּלallהַקּוֹרוֹתthe beamsנוֹעֲלִיןwe lockבּוֹwith itבְּשַׁבָּת:on Shabbos
This halacha discusses the requirements for using a detached door or a bolt on Shabbos, which must show indications of being a designated utensil rather than a mere piece of wood.
הל׳ י
דִּין נֶגֶר שֶׁאֵין בְּרֹאשׁוֹ קְלֻסְטְרָא בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 10 · The Law of a Bolt Without a Bulb on Shabbos
נֶגֶרA boltשֶׁאֵיןthat there is notבְּרֹאשׁוֹat its headקְלֻסְטְרָאa bulbאִםifהָיָהit wasקָשׁוּרtiedוְתָלוּיand suspendedבַּדֶּלֶתfrom the doorנוֹעֲלִיןwe may lockבּוֹ.with itוְכֵןand soאִםifהָיָהit wasנִטָּלremovedוְאֶגְדּוֹand its attachmentעִמּוֹ.with itאֲבָלbutאִםifהָיָהwasאֶגְדּוֹits attachmentקָבוּעַfixedבַּדֶּלֶתto the doorוְהָיָהand wasהַנֶּגֶרthe boltנִשְׁמָטslipping outכְּמוֹlikeקוֹרָהa beamוּמַנִּיחִיןand they placeאוֹתוֹitבַּזָּוִיתin the cornerוְחוֹזְרִיןand returnוְנוֹעֲלִיןand lockבּוֹwith itבְּעֵתat the timeשֶׁרוֹצִיןthat they wantהֲרֵיbeholdזֶהthisאָסוּרis forbiddenלִנְעלto lockבּוֹwith itשֶׁאֵיןfor there is notעָלָיוupon itתּוֹרַתthe status ofכְּלִיa utensilוְאֵינוֹand it is notאָגוּדboundוְאֵיןand there is notבּוֹin itאֶגֶדan attachmentלְהוֹכִיחַto proveעָלָיו:upon it
This halacha details the conditions under which a door bolt without a bulbous head may be used on Shabbos, depending on how it is attached to the door.
הל׳ יא
אִסּוּר טִלְטוּל מְנוֹרָה שֶׁל חֻלְיוֹת בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 11 · The Prohibition of Moving a Sectional Candelabrum on Shabbos
מְנוֹרָהA candelabrumשֶׁלofחֻלְיוֹתsectionsבֵּיןwhetherגְּדוֹלָהlargeבֵּיןwhetherקְטַנָּהsmallאֵיןwe do notמְטַלְטְלִיןmoveאוֹתָהּitשֶׁמָּאlestיַחֲזִירֶנָהּone will reassemble itבְּשַׁבָּת.on ShabbosהָיוּIf there wereבָּהּin itחֲדָקִיםgroovesוְהִיאand itנִרְאֵיתappearsכְּבַעֲלַתlike one ofחֻלְיוֹת.sectionsאִםifהָיְתָהit wasגְּדוֹלָהlargeהַנִּטֶּלֶתthat is carriedבִּשְׁתֵּיwith twoיָדַיִםhandsאָסוּרit is forbiddenלְטַלְטְלָהּto move itמִפְּנֵיbecause ofכָּבְדָהּ.its weightהָיְתָהif it wasקְטַנָּהsmallerמִזּוֹthan thisמֻתָּרit is permittedלְטַלְטְלָהּ:to move it
This halacha discusses the Rabbinic prohibition against moving a sectional candelabrum on Shabbos, enacted as a safeguard against reassembling its parts.
הל׳ יב
טִלְטוּל מִנְעָל מֵאִמּוּם, מַכְבֵּשׁ, גִּזֵּי צֶמֶר וּשְׁלָחִין בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 12 · Carrying a Shoe from a Block, Presses, Wool Shears, and Raw Hides on Shabbos
מִנְעָלA shoeשֶׁעַלthat is onגַּבֵּיtop ofהָאִמּוּםthe shoemaker's blockשׁוֹמְטִיןwe may slipאוֹתוֹitבְּשַׁבָּת.on ShabbosמַכְבֵּשׁA pressשֶׁלofבַּעֲלֵיhomeבָּתִּיםownersמַתִּירִיןwe may loosenאֲבָלbutלֹאnotכּוֹבְשִׁין.pressוְשֶׁלand ofכּוֹבְסִיןlaunderersלֹאnotיִגַּעone may touchבּוֹitמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהוּאthat it isמֻקְצֶהmuktzahמֵחֲמַתdue toחֶסְרוֹןloss ofכִּיס.pocketוְכֵןAnd soגִּזֵּיshears ofצֶמֶרwoolאֵיןwe do notמְטַלְטְלִיןcarryאוֹתָןthemמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהוּאthat he isמַקְפִּידparticularעֲלֵיהֶן.about themלְפִיכָךְThereforeאִםifיִחֲדָןhe designated themלְתַשְׁמִישׁfor useמֻתָּרִין.they are permittedוְהַשְּׁלָחִיןAnd raw hidesמֻתָּרit is permittedלְטַלְטְלָןto carry themבֵּיןwhetherשֶׁהָיוּthat they wereשֶׁלofבַּעַלa master ofהַבַּיִתthe houseאוֹorשֶׁלofאֻמָּןa craftsmanמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁאֵינוֹthat he is notמַקְפִּידparticularעֲלֵיהֶם:about them
This halacha discusses the laws of muktzah regarding items that are set aside due to financial loss, such as a professional launderer's press and raw wool, contrasted with items that are permitted to be handled.
הל׳ יג
הַטִּפּוּל בְּדָבָר מְטֻנָּף וּבִגְרָף שֶׁל רְעִי בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 13 · Handling Repulsive Items and a Chamber Pot on Shabbos
כָּלAnyדָּבָרthingמְטֻנָּףfilthyכְּגוֹןsuch asרְעִיfecesוְקִיאand vomitוְצוֹאָהand excrementוְכַיּוֹצֵאand the likeבָּהֶןof themאִםifהָיוּthey wereבְּחָצֵרin a courtyardשֶׁיּוֹשְׁבִיןthat they dwellבָּהּin itמֻתָּרit is permittedלְהוֹצִיאָןto remove themלְאַשְׁפָּהto a dung heapאוֹorלְבֵיתto a house ofהַכִּסֵּאthe chairוְזֶהand thisהוּאisהַנִּקְרָאthat which is calledגְּרָףa chamber potשֶׁלofרְעִי.fecesוְאִםand ifהָיוּthey wereבְּחָצֵרin a courtyardאַחֶרֶתanotherכּוֹפִיןwe overturnעֲלֵיהֶןover themכְּלִיa utensilכְּדֵיin orderשֶׁלֹּאthat notיֵצֵאwill go outהַקָּטָןthe childוְיִתְלַכְלֵךְand become soiledבָּהֶן.by themרֹקSpittleשֶׁעַלthat is onהַקַּרְקַעthe groundדּוֹרְסוֹone may step on itלְפִיaccording toתֻּמּוֹhis simplicityוְהוֹלֵךְ.and go onמְטַלְטְלִיןWe may carryכְּנוּנָאa warming panמִפְּנֵיbecause ofאֶפְרוֹits ashאַףevenעַל·פִּיthoughשֶׁיֵּשׁthat there areעָלָיוupon itשִׁבְרֵיsplinters ofעֵצִיםwoodמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהוּאthat it isכִּגְרָףlike a chamber potשֶׁלofרְעִי.fecesוְאֵיןAnd we do notעוֹשִׂיןmakeגְּרָףa chamber potשֶׁלofרְעִיfecesלְכַתְּחִלָּהat the outsetבְּשַׁבָּת.on Shabbosאֲבָלbutאִםifנַעֲשָׂהit was madeמֵאֵלָיוby itselfאוֹorשֶׁעָבַרthat he transgressedוְעָשָׂהוּand made itמוֹצִיאִיןwe may removeאוֹתוֹ:it
This halacha discusses the permissibility of moving repulsive items, known as a 'graf shel rei', on Shabbos for the sake of human dignity and cleanliness.
הל׳ יד
דִּין מֻקְצֶה בְּמַאֲכָלִים וּבְקָמֵעַ וְשֶׁמֶן הַנֵּרHalacha 14 · The Laws of Muktzeh Regarding Foods, Amulets, and Leftover Lamp Oil
שֶׁמֶןOilשֶׁיּוֹצֵאthat goes outמִתַּחַתfrom underהַקּוֹרָהthe beamשֶׁלofבֵּיתthe house ofהַבַּדthe pressבְּשַׁבָּתon Shabbosוְכֵןand likewiseתְּמָרִיםdatesוּשְׁקֵדִיםand almondsהַמּוּכָנִיםthat are preparedלִסְחוֹרָהfor merchandiseמֻתָּרit is permittedלְאָכְלָםto eat themבְּשַׁבָּת.on Shabbosוַאֲפִלּוּand evenאוֹצָרa storehouseשֶׁלofתְּבוּאָהgrainאוֹorתְּבוּאָהgrainצְבוּרָהpiled upמַתְחִילone may beginלְהִסְתַּפֵּקto takeמִמֶּנָּהfrom itבְּשַׁבָּתon Shabbosשֶׁאֵיןfor there is notשׁוּםanyאֹכֶלfoodשֶׁהוּאthat isמֻקְצֶהmuktzehבְּשַׁבָּתon Shabbosכְּלָלat allאֶלָּאratherהַכּלeverythingמוּכָןpreparedהוּא.it isחוּץexceptמִגְּרוֹגָרוֹתfrom dried figsוְצִמּוּקִיןand raisinsשֶׁבַּמֻּקְצֶהthat are in the drying placeבִּזְמַןat the timeשֶׁמְּיַבְּשִׁיםthat they dryאוֹתָםthemהוֹאִילsinceוּמַסְרִיחוֹתthey become repulsiveבֵּינְתַיִםin the meantimeוְאֵינָםand they are notרְאוּיִיןfitלַאֲכִילָהfor eatingהֲרֵיbeholdהֵןtheyאֲסוּרִיןare forbiddenבְּשַׁבָּתon Shabbosמִשּׁוּםbecause ofמֻקְצֶה.muktzehחָבִיתA barrelשֶׁנִּתְגַּלְּתָהthat became uncoveredוַאֲבַטִּיחַand a watermelonשֶׁנִּשְׁבְּרָהthat brokeאַףevenעַל·פִּיthoughשֶׁאֵינָןthey are notרְאוּיִיןfitלַאֲכִילָהfor eatingנוֹטְלָןone may take themוּמַנִּיחָןand place themבְּמָקוֹםin a placeהַמֻּצְנָע.hiddenכַּיּוֹצֵאsimilarבּוֹto itקָמֵעַan amuletשֶׁאֵינוֹthat is notמֻמְחֶהprovenאַףevenעַל·פִּיthoughשֶׁאֵיןwe do notיוֹצְאִיןgo outבּוֹwith itמְטַלְטְלִיןwe may moveאוֹתוֹ.itמוֹתַרThe remainder ofהַשֶּׁמֶןthe oilשֶׁבַּנֵּרthat is in the lampוְשֶׁבַּקְּעָרָהand that is in the bowlשֶׁהִדְלִיקוּthat they kindledבָּהֶןwith themבְּאוֹתָהּon thatשַׁבָּתShabbosאָסוּרit is forbiddenלְהִסְתַּפֵּקto takeמִמֶּנּוּfrom itבְּאוֹתָהּon thatשַׁבָּתShabbosמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהוּאit isמֻקְצֶהmuktzehמֵחֲמַתdue toאִסּוּר:prohibition
This halacha defines which foods and items are considered muktzeh on Shabbos, distinguishing between items that are temporarily unfit and those set aside due to a prohibition.
הל׳ טו
פִּנּוּי אוֹצָר בְּשַׁבָּת לִדְבַר מִצְוָהHalacha 15 · Emptying a Storehouse on Shabbos for the Purpose of a Mitzvah
אוֹצָרA storehouseשֶׁלofתְּבוּאָהgrainאוֹorשֶׁלofכַּדֵּיjugs ofיַיִןwineאַףevenעַל·פִּיthoughשֶׁמֻּתָּרthat it is permittedלְהִסְתַּפֵּקto takeמִמֶּנּוּfrom itאָסוּרit is forbiddenלְהַתְחִילto beginבּוֹon itלְפַנּוֹתוֹto empty itאֶלָּאunlessלִדְבַרfor a matter ofמִצְוָהa mitzvahכְּגוֹןsuch asשֶׁפִּנָּהוּthat he emptied itלְהַכְנָסַתfor bringing inאוֹרְחִיןguestsאוֹorלִקְבֹּעַto establishבּוֹin itבֵּיתa house ofהַמִּדְרָשׁstudyוְכֵיצַדand howמְפַנִּיןdo they emptyאוֹתוֹ.itכָּלeveryאֶחָדoneוְאֶחָדand oneמְמַלֵּאfillsאַרְבַּעfourאוֹorחָמֵשׁfiveקֻפּוֹתbasketsעַדuntilשֶׁגּוֹמְרִין.that they finishוְלֹאand they may notיְכַבְּדוּsweepקַרְקָעִיתוֹits floorשֶׁלofאוֹצָרthe storehouseכְּמוֹasשֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּwe explainedאֶלָּאbutנִכְנָסhe entersוְיוֹצֵאand exitsבּוֹitוְעוֹשֶׂהand makesשְׁבִילa pathבְּרַגְלָיוwith his feetבִּכְנִיסָתוֹin his enteringוּבִיצִיאָתוֹ:and in his exiting
This halacha details the restrictions on clearing out a storeroom on Shabbos, permitting it only for mitzvah purposes and outlining the specific manner in which it must be done.
הל׳ טז
טִלְטוּל מַאֲכַל בְּהֵמָה וּבָשָׂר חַי בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 16 · Carrying Animal Food and Raw Meat on Shabbos
כָּלAnyשֶׁהוּאthat isרָאוּיfitלְמַאֲכַלfor food ofבְּהֵמָהan animalוְחַיָּהor a beastוְעוֹףor a birdהַמְּצוּיִיןthat are commonמְטַלְטְלִיןwe may carryאוֹתוֹitבְּשַׁבָּת.on Shabbosכֵּיצַד.How soמְטַלְטְלִיןWe may carryאֶת—הַתֻּרְמוֹסthe lupineהַיָּבֵשׁdryמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהוּאthat it isמַאֲכָלfoodלְעִזִּיםfor goatsאֲבָלbutלֹאnotאֶת—הַלַּח.the moistאֶת—הֶחָצָבthe squillמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהוּאthat it isמַאֲכָלfoodלִצְבָאִים.for deerאֶת—הַחַרְדָּלthe mustardמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהוּאthat it isמַאֲכָלfoodלְיוֹנִים.for dovesאֶת—הָעֲצָמוֹתthe bonesמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהֵןthat they areמַאֲכָלfoodלִכְלָבִים.for dogsוְכֵןAnd soכָּלallהַקְּלִפִּיןthe shellsוְהַגַּרְעִינִיןand the seedsהָרְאוּיִיןthat are fitלְמַאֲכַלfor food ofבְּהֵמָהan animalמְטַלְטְלִיןwe may carryאוֹתָן.themוְשֶׁאֵינָןand those that are notרְאוּיִיןfitאוֹכֵלone eatsאֶת—הָאֹכֶלthe foodוְזוֹרְקָןand throws themלְאַחֲרָיוbehind himוְאָסוּרand it is forbiddenלְטַלְטְלָן.to carry themמְטַלְטְלִיןWe may carryבָּשָׂרmeatתָּפוּחַspoiledמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהוּאthat it isמַאֲכָלfoodלְחַיָּה.for a beastוּמְטַלְטְלִיןand we may carryבָּשָׂרmeatחַיrawבֵּיןwhetherתָּפֵלunsaltedבֵּיןwhetherמָלִיחַsaltedמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁרָאוּיthat it is fitלְאָדָם.for a humanוְכֵןand soדָּגfishמָלִיחַ.saltedאֲבָלbutהַתָּפֵלthe unsaltedאָסוּרis forbiddenלְטַלְטְלוֹ:to carry it
This halacha defines which animal foods, shells, seeds, and raw meats are considered fit for use and may therefore be carried on Shabbos.
הל׳ יז
טִלְטוּל מַאֲכַל חַיּוֹת שֶׁאֵינָן מְצוּיוֹת בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 17 · Carrying Food of Uncommon Animals on Shabbos
אֵיןWe do notמְטַלְטְלִיןcarryשִׁבְרֵיshards ofזְכוּכִיתglassאַףevenעַל·פִּיthoughשֶׁהֵןthat they areמַאֲכָלfoodלְנַעֲמִיּוֹת.for ostrichesוְלֹאand notחֲבִילֵיbundles ofזְמוֹרוֹתvine-shootsאַףevenעַל·פִּיthoughשֶׁהֵןthat they areמַאֲכָלfoodלְפִילִים.for elephantsוְלֹאand notאֶת—הַלּוּףthe luf-plantאַףevenעַל·פִּיthoughשֶׁהֵןthat they areמַאֲכָלfoodלְעוֹרְבִים.for ravensמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁאֵיןthat notאֵלּוּtheseוְכַיּוֹצֵאand similarבָּהֶןto themמְצוּיִיןare commonאֵצֶלamongרֹבmostבְּנֵיpeopleאָדָם:of
This halacha teaches that items which are only edible by rare or uncommon animals are considered muktzeh and may not be carried on Shabbos.
הל׳ יח
טִלְטוּל חֲבִילֵי קַשׁ וּמַאֲכַל בְּהֵמָה בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 18 · Carrying Bundles of Straw and Animal Fodder on Shabbos
חֲבִילֵיBundles ofקַשׁstrawוַחֲבִילֵיand bundles ofזְרָדִיןtwigsאִםifהִתְקִינָןhe prepared themלְמַאֲכַלfor food ofבְּהֵמָהan animalמְטַלְטְלִיןone may carryאוֹתָןthemוְאִםand ifלָאוnotאֵיןone may notמְטַלְטְלִיןcarryאוֹתָן.themחֲבִילֵיBundles ofסֵיאָהsavoryפּוּאָהmadderוְאֵזוֹבand hyssopוְקוֹרָנִית.and thymeהִכְנִיסָןthat he brought inלְעֵצִיםfor woodאֵיןone may notמִסְתַּפֵּקuseמֵהֶםfrom themבְּשַׁבָּת.on Shabbosלְמַאֲכַלfor food ofבְּהֵמָהan animalמִסְתַּפֵּקone may useמֵהֶן.from themוְכֵןAnd so tooבַּאֲמִינְתָּאwith mintוְכֵןand so tooבְּפֵיגָםwith rueוְכֵןand so tooבִּשְׁאָרwith otherמִינֵיkinds ofתַּבְלִין:spices
This halacha discusses the muktzeh status of bundles of straw, wood, and herbs based on whether they were designated for animal food or kindling.
הל׳ יט
דִּין טִלְטוּל מַאֲכַל בְּהֵמָה וְחֵפֶץ מָאוּס בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 19 · Laws of Moving Animal Food and Repulsive Objects on Shabbos
אֵיןWe do notגּוֹרְפִיןrakeמַאֲכָלfoodמִלִּפְנֵיfrom beforeהַפְּטָםthe fattened oxבֵּיןwhetherבְּאֵבוּסin a troughשֶׁלofכְּלִיa utensilבֵּיןorבְּאֵבוּסin a troughשֶׁלofקַרְקַע.groundוְאֵיןand we do notמְסַלְּקִיןmoveלַצְּדָדִיןto the sidesמִפְּנֵיbecause ofהָרְעִיthe dungגְּזֵרָהa decreeשֶׁמָּאlestיַשְׁוֶהhe will levelגֻּמּוֹת.groovesנוֹטְלִיןWe may takeמִלִּפְנֵיfrom beforeהַחֲמוֹרthe donkeyוְנוֹתְנִיןand placeלִפְנֵיbeforeהַשּׁוֹר.the oxאֲבָלbutאֵיןwe do notנוֹטְלִיןtakeמִלִּפְנֵיfrom beforeהַשּׁוֹרthe oxוְנוֹתְנִיןand placeלִפְנֵיbeforeהַחֲמוֹרthe donkeyמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהַמַּאֲכָלthe foodשֶׁלִּפְנֵיthat is beforeהַשּׁוֹרthe oxמְטֻנָּףis soiledבְּרִירוֹwith its spittleוְאֵיןand is notרָאוּיfitלְמַאֲכַלfor food ofבְּהֵמָהan animalאַחֶרֶת.anotherוְכֵןAnd soעָלִיםleavesשֶׁרֵיחָםwhose smellרַעis badוּמְאוּסִיןand are repulsiveוְאֵיןand notהַבְּהֵמָהthe animalאוֹכַלְתָּןeats themאָסוּרit is forbiddenלְטַלְטְלָן.to carry themלְפִיכָךְThereforeתְּלַאיa hangerשֶׁלofדָּגִיםfishאָסוּרis forbiddenלְטַלְטְלוֹto carry itוְשֶׁלbut ofבָּשָׂרmeatמֻתָּר.is permittedוְכֵןand soכָּלallכַּיּוֹצֵאsimilarבָּזֶה:to this
This halacha details the Rabbinic prohibitions against raking animal feed due to the concern of leveling the ground, and the muktzah status of repulsive items.
הל׳ כ
טִפּוּל בְּמֵת בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 20 · Caring for a Corpse on Shabbos to Prevent Decomposition
אַףEvenעַל·פִּיthoughשֶׁאָסוּרthat it is forbiddenלְטַלְטֵלto carryאֶת—הַמֵּתthe corpseבְּשַׁבָּתon Shabbosסָכִיןwe may anointאוֹתוֹhimוּמְדִיחִיןand we may washאוֹתוֹhimוּבִלְבַדprovidedשֶׁלֹּאthat notיָזִיזוּthey moveבּוֹin himאֵיבָר.a limbוְשׁוֹמְטִיןand we may slip outאֶת—הַכַּרthe pillowמִתַּחְתָּיוfrom underneath himכְּדֵיin orderשֶׁיִּהְיֶהthat he will beמֻטָּלlyingעַלonהַחוֹלthe sandבִּשְׁבִילfor the sakeשֶׁיַּמְתִּיןthat he will endureוְלֹאand notיַסְרִיחַ.decomposeוּמְבִיאִיןand we may bringכְּלֵיa utensil ofמֵיקֵרcoolingוּכְלֵיor a utensil ofמַתָּכוֹתmetalוּמַנִּיחִיןand we may placeלוֹitעַלonכְּרֵסוֹhis bellyכְּדֵיin orderשֶׁלֹּאthat notיִתְפַּח.he will swellוּפוֹקְקִיןand we may stop upאֶת—נְקָבָיוhis orificesשֶׁלֹּאso that notיִכָּנֵסwill enterבָּהֶןinto themהָרוּחַ.the airוְקוֹשְׁרִיןand we may tieאֶת—הַלֶּחִיthe jawלֹאnotשֶׁיַּעֲלֶהthat it will riseאֶלָּאbutשֶׁלֹּאthat notיוֹסִיף.it will open furtherוְאֵיןand we may notמְעַמְּצִיןcloseאֶת—עֵינָיוhis eyesבְּשַׁבָּת:on Shabbos
This halacha details the permitted and forbidden actions one may perform on Shabbos to preserve a corpse and prevent its decomposition.
הל׳ כא
טִלְטוּל מֵת בְּשַׁבָּת מִפְּנֵי הַחַמָּה וְהַדְּלֵקָהHalacha 21 · Moving a Corpse on Shabbos Due to Sun or Fire
מֵתA corpseהַמֻּטָּלthat is lyingבַּחַמָּהin the sunמַנִּיחַone placesעָלָיוupon itכִּכָּרa loaf of breadאוֹorתִּינוֹקa babyוּמְטַלְטְלוֹ.and moves itוְכֵןand likewiseאִםifנָפְלָהfellדְּלֵקָהa fireבְּחָצֵרin a courtyardשֶׁיֵּשׁthat hasבָּהּin itמֵתa corpseמַנִּיחַone placesעָלָיוupon itכִּכָּרa loaf of breadאוֹorתִּינוֹקa babyוּמְטַלְטְלוֹ.and moves itוְאִםand ifאֵיןthere is notשָׁםthereכִּכָּרa loaf of breadוְלֹאand notתִּינוֹקa babyמַצִּילִיןwe rescueאוֹתוֹitמִןfromהַדְּלֵקָהthe fireמִכָּלin anyמָקוֹםcaseשֶׁמָּאlestיָבֹאhe will comeלְכַבּוֹתto extinguishמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהוּאhe isבָּהוּלdistraughtעַלoverמֵתוֹhis deadשֶׁלֹּאthat it should notיִשָּׂרֵף.be burnedוְלֹאand they did notהִתִּירוּpermitלְטַלְטֵלto moveבְּכִכָּרwith a loaf of breadאוֹorתִּינוֹקa babyאֶלָּאexceptלְמֵתfor a corpseבִּלְבַדaloneמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁאָדָםa person isבָּהוּלdistraughtעַלoverמֵתוֹ:his dead
This halacha discusses the Rabbinic leniency of moving a corpse on Shabbos by placing a loaf of bread or a baby on it, and the special allowance to save it from a fire.
הל׳ כב
הַצָּלַת מֵת מִן הַחַמָּה בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 22 · Saving a Corpse from the Sun on Shabbos by Indirectly Creating a Partition
הָיָהIf he wasמֻטָּלlyingבַּחַמָּהin the sunוְאֵיןand there is notלָהֶםfor themמָקוֹםa placeלְטַלְטְלוֹto move himאוֹorשֶׁלֹּאthat notרָצוּthey wantedלַהֲזִיזוֹto move himמִמְּקוֹמוֹfrom his placeבָּאִיןthere comeשְׁנֵיtwoבְּנֵיpeopleאָדָם·וְיוֹשְׁבִיםand they sitמִשְּׁנֵיfrom two ofצְדָדָיו.his sidesחַםIf it is hotלָהֶםfor themמִלְּמַטָּהfrom belowזֶהthis oneמֵבִיאbringsמִטָּתוֹhis bedוְיוֹשֵׁבand sitsעָלֶיהָon itוְזֶהand this oneמֵבִיאbringsמִטָּתוֹhis bedוְיוֹשֵׁבand sitsעָלֶיהָ.on itחַםIf it is hotלָהֶםfor themמִלְּמַעְלָהfrom aboveזֶהthis oneמֵבִיאbringsמַחְצֶלֶתa matוּפוֹרֵשׁand spreads itעַלoverגַּבָּיו.his backוְזֶהand this oneמֵבִיאbringsמַחְצֶלֶתa matוּפוֹרֵשׁand spreads itעַלoverגַּבָּיו.his backזֶהthis oneזוֹקֵףuprightsמִטָּתוֹhis bedוְנִשְׁמָטand slips awayוְהוֹלֵךְand goesלוֹfor himselfוְזֶהand this oneזוֹקֵףuprightsמִטָּתוֹhis bedוְנִשְׁמָטand slips awayוְהוֹלֵךְand goesלוֹfor himselfוְנִמְצָאand it is foundמְחִצָּהa partitionעֲשׂוּיָהis madeמֵאֵלֶיהָ.on its ownשֶׁהֲרֵיfor beholdמַחְצֶלֶתthe mat ofזֶהthis oneוּמַחְצֶלֶתand the mat ofזֶהthis oneגַּגֵּיהֶןtheir topsסְמוּכוֹתare closeזוֹthis oneלָזוֹto this oneוּשְׁנֵיand the two ofקְצוֹתֵיהֶםtheir edgesעַלare onהַקַּרְקַעthe groundמִשְׁנִיfrom twoצִדֵּיsides ofהַמֵּת:the corpse
This halacha outlines the permissible method to shade a corpse on Shabbos without directly building a forbidden tent.
הל׳ כג
הוֹצָאַת מֵת שֶׁהִסְרִיחַ בְּשַׁבָּת מִפְּנֵי כְּבוֹד הַבְּרִיּוֹתHalacha 23 · Carrying Out a Decomposing Corpse on Shabbos for Human Dignity
מֵתA corpseשֶׁהִסְרִיחַthat became smellyבְּבַיִתin a houseוְנִמְצָאand it is foundמִתְבַּזֶּהdisgracedבֵּיןamongהַחַיִּיםthe livingוְהֵםand theyמִתְבַּזִּיםare disgracedמִמֶּנּוּfrom itמֻתָּרit is permittedלְהוֹצִיאוֹto carry it outלְכַרְמְלִית.to a carmelitגָּדוֹלgreat isכְּבוֹדthe honor ofהַבְּרִיּוֹתthe creaturesשֶׁדּוֹחֶהthat it pushes asideאֶת—לֹאa negativeתַּעֲשֶׂהcommandmentשֶׁבַּתּוֹרָהthat is in the Torahשֶׁהוּאwhich isדבריםDevarimיז17יא11"לֹא"do notתָסוּרdeviateמִןfromהַדָּבָרthe wordאֲשֶׁרwhichיַגִּידוּthey tellלְךָyouיָמִיןrightוּשְׂמֹאל".and left"וְאִםand ifהָיָהthere wasלָהֶןfor themמָקוֹםa placeאַחֵרanotherלָצֵאתto go outבּוֹtoאֵיןwe do notמוֹצִיאִיןcarry outאוֹתוֹitאֶלָּאratherמְנִיחִיןwe leaveאוֹתוֹitבִּמְקוֹמוֹin its placeוְיוֹצְאִיןand go outהֵם:they
This halacha discusses the permission to carry a smelly corpse into a carmelit on Shabbos to prevent human disgrace, based on the principle of human dignity superseding Rabbinic prohibitions.
Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם
The chapter begins by classifying weaving tools, permitting the movement of most utensils while forbidding the loom's beams and pillars. It defines brooms and leftover bricks as utensils for permitted purposes, provided the bricks were not set aside for building. Shards of broken vessels remain permissible to carry if they can still serve a function, such as covering a jar, whereas raw stones are muktzeh unless designated. For personal hygiene, the Sages permitted carrying stones of a certain size, even up to a roof, prioritizing stones over shards or grass depending on their texture. Finally, the Rambam rules that while tattered mats remain usable to cover filth, remnants of clothing smaller than three by three thumbbreadths lose their status as utensils and become muktzeh.
לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home
Look at the broken pieces of your life, the plans that shattered, or the resources that seem depleted. Do not throw them away in despair. Ask Hashem to show you how they can still be used for a holy purpose. Today, when something does not go as planned, instead of giving up, find one small, creative way to use that very situation to bring peace, joy, or service to your home.