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חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · דברים · שְׁלִישִׁי

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Devarim · 3rd Aliyah
Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה

In this aliyah, Moshe Rabbeinu continues his heartfelt rebuke of Klal Yisrael, reminding them of the tragic episode of the spies. He recalls how the people approached him with the request to send men to spy out the land of Eretz Yisrael, a plan which Moshe approved, leading to the selection of twelve men, one from each shevet. The spies went up, brought back the beautiful fruit of the land, and admitted that the land Hashem was giving them was indeed good.

Despite this positive report, the people rebelled against the word of Hashem, refusing to go up and instead weeping in their tents. Moshe describes how the people succumbed to fear, falsely claiming that Hashem brought them out of Mitzrayim out of hatred, and how they despaired after hearing the spies' frightening reports of giant people and heavily fortified cities.

All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.
פָּסוּק א
Pasuk 1
וַתִּקְרְבוּןAnd you approachedאֵלַיmeכֻּלְּכֶםall of youוַתֹּאמְרוּand you saidנִשְׁלְחָהlet us sendאֲנָשִׁיםmenלְפָנֵינוּbefore usוְיַחְפְּרוּand they will spyלָנוּfor usאֶתהָאָרֶץthe landוְיָשִׁבוּand they will bring backאֹתָנוּto usדָּבָרwordאֶתהַדֶּרֶךְthe roadאֲשֶׁרwhichנַעֲלֶהwe shall go upבָּהּon itוְאֵתand —הֶעָרִיםthe citiesאֲשֶׁרwhichנָבֹאwe shall enterאֲלֵיהֶן׃into them
רַשִׁ״י
ותקרבוןAnd you approachedאליmeכלכם.all of youבְּעִרְבּוּבְיָא;in a crowdוּלְהַלָּןand further onהוּאitאוֹמֵרsaysדבריםDevarimה'chapter 5"וַתִּקְרְבוּןand you approachedאֵלַיmeכָּלallרָאשֵׁיthe heads ofשִׁבְטֵיכֶםyour tribesוְזִקְנֵיכֶםand your eldersוַתֹּאמְרוּand you saidהֵןbeholdהֶרְאָנוּHe has shown usוְגוֹ'",etcאוֹתָהּThatקְרִיבָהapproachהָיְתָהwasהוֹגֶנֶתfittingיְלָדִיםyoung peopleמְכַבְּדִיםshowing respect toאֶתהַזְּקֵנִיםthe eldersוּשְׁלָחוּםand letting them goלִפְנֵיהֶם,before themוּזְקֵנִיםand eldersמְכַבְּדִיםshowing respect toאֶתהָרָאשִׁיםthe headsלָלֶכֶתto goלִפְנֵיהֶם,before themאֲבָלbutכָּאןhere"וַתִּקְרְבוּןand you approachedאֵלַיmeכֻּלְּכֶם"all of youבְּעִרְבּוּבְיָאin a crowdיְלָדִיםyoung peopleדּוֹחֲפִיןpushing asideאֶתהַזְּקֵנִים,the eldersוּזְקֵנִיםand eldersדּוֹחֲפִיןpushing asideאֶתהָרָאשִׁיםthe headsספריSifrei:
רַשִׁ״י
וישבוand they shall bring backאתנוto usדבר.wordבְּאֵיזֶהin whichלָשׁוֹןlanguageהֵםtheyמְדַבְּרִים:speak
רַשִׁ״י
אתהדרךthe wayאשרthatנעלהwe shall go upבה.on itאֵיןthere is noדֶּרֶךְroadשֶׁאֵיןthat there is notבָּהּin itעַקְמִימוּת:crookedness
רַשִׁ״י
ואתand —העריםthe citiesאשרthatנבאwe shall comeאליהן.unto themתְּחִלָּהfirstלִכְבֹּשׁto conquerשםthere:
פָּסוּק ב
Pasuk 2
וַיִּיטַבAnd it was goodבְּעֵינַיin my eyesהַדָּבָרthe matterוָאֶקַּחand I tookמִכֶּםfrom youשְׁנֵיםtwoעָשָׂרtenאֲנָשִׁיםmenאִישׁa manאֶחָדoneלַשָּׁבֶט׃for the tribe
רַשִׁ״י
וייטבAnd it was goodבעיניin my eyesהדבר.the matterבְּעֵינַיin my eyesוְלֹאand notבְעֵינֵיin the eyes ofהַמָּקוֹם;the OmnipresentוְאִםAnd ifבְּעֵינֵיin the eyes ofמֹשֶׁהMosheהָיָהit wasטוֹבgoodלָמָּהwhyאֲמָרָהּdid he say itבַּתּוֹכָחוֹת?in the reproofsמָשָׁלA parableלְאָדָםto a manשֶׁאוֹמֵרwho saysלַחֲבֵרוֹto his fellowמְכֹרSellלִיto meחֲמוֹרְךָyour donkeyזֶה,thisאָמַרHe saidלוֹto himהֵן,YesנוֹתְנוֹDo you give itאַתָּהyouלִיto meלְנִסָּיוֹן?for trialאָמַרHe saidלוֹto himהֵן,Yesבֶּהָרִיםon the mountainsוּבַגְּבָעוֹת?and on the hillsאָמַרHe saidלוֹto himהֵן,YesכֵּיוָןOnceשֶׁרָאָהthat he sawשֶׁאֵיןthat he does notמְעַכְּבוֹhinder himכְלוּם,at allאָמַרsaidהַלּוֹקֵחַthe buyerבְּלִבּוֹin his heartבָּטוּחַconfidentהוּאis heזֶהthis oneשֶׁלֹּאthat notאֶמְצָאwill I findבוֹin itמוּם,a defectמִיָּדImmediatelyאָמַרhe saidלוֹto himטֹלTakeמְעוֹתֶיךָyour moneyאֵינִיI do notמְנַסֵּהוּtest itמֵעַתָּה,from nowאַףEvenאֲנִיIהוֹדֵיתִיconsentedלְדִבְרֵיכֶם,to your wordsשֶׁמָּאperhapsתַחְזְרוּyou would turn backבָכֶםin yourselvesכְּשֶׁתִּרְאוּwhen you seeשֶׁאֵינִיthat I do notמְעַכֵּב,hinderוְאַתֶּםbut youלֹאdid notחֲזַרְתֶּםturn backבָּכֶםin yourselvesספריSifrei:
רַשִׁ״י
ואקחAnd I tookמכם.of youמִןfromהַבְּרוּרִיםthe choicestשֶׁבָּכֶם,that are among youמִןfromהַמְסֻלָּתִיםthe finestשֶׁבָּכֶםthat are among youשםthere:
רַשִׁ״י
שניםTwoעשרtenאנשיםmenאישa manאחדoneלשבט.for a tribeמַגִּידthis tellsשֶׁלֹּאthat notהָיָהwasשֵׁבֶטthe tribe ofלֵוִיLeviעִמָּהֶםwith themשםthere:
פָּסוּק ג
Pasuk 3
וַיִּפְנוּAnd they turnedוַיַּעֲלוּand they went upהָהָרָהto the mountainוַיָּבֹאוּand they cameעַדuntilנַחַלthe valley ofאֶשְׁכֹּלEshcolוַיְרַגְּלוּand they spiedאֹתָהּ׃it
רַשִׁ״י
עדUntilנחלthe brook ofאשכל.Eshcolמַגִּידthis tellsשֶׁנִּקְרָאthat it was calledעַלonשֵׁםaccount ofסוֹפוֹits endשםthere:
רַשִׁ״י
וירגלוAnd they spiedאתה.— itמְלַמֵּדThis teachesשֶׁהָלְכוּthat they walkedבָהּin itאַרְבָּעָהfourאֻמָּנִיןlinesשְׁתִיlengthwiseוָעֵרֶבand crosswiseשםthere:
פָּסוּק ד
Pasuk 4
וַיִּקְחוּAnd they tookבְיָדָםin their handמִפְּרִיfrom the fruit ofהָאָרֶץthe landוַיּוֹרִדוּand they brought downאֵלֵינוּto usוַיָּשִׁבוּand they brought backאֹתָנוּto usדָבָרwordוַיֹּאמְרוּand they saidטוֹבָהgood isהָאָרֶץthe landאֲשֶׁרwhichיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵינוּour Godנֹתֵןis givingלָנוּ׃to us
רַשִׁ״י
ויורדוAnd they brought downאלינו.to usמַגִּידThis tellsשֶׁאֶרֶץthat the land ofיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelגְּבוֹהָהis higherמִכָּלthan allהָאֲרָצוֹתthe landsשםthere:
רַשִׁ״י
ויאמרוAnd they saidטובהgoodהארץ.is the landמִיWhoהֵםare theyשֶׁאָמְרוּwho spoke ofטוֹבָתָהּ?its goodnessיְהוֹשֻׁעַYehoshuaוְכָלֵבand Calevשםthere:
פָּסוּק ה
Pasuk 5
וְלֹאAnd notאֲבִיתֶםdid you wishלַעֲלֹתto go upוַתַּמְרוּand you rebelled againstאֶתפִּיthe word ofיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵיכֶם׃your God
רַשִׁ״י
ותמרו.And you rebelledלְשׁוֹןis an expression ofהַתְרָסָהoppositionהִתְרַסְתֶּםyou set yourselvesכְּנֶגֶדagainstמַאֲמָרוֹ:His word
פָּסוּק ו
Pasuk 6
וַתֵּרָגְנוּAnd you murmuredבְאָהֳלֵיכֶםin your tentsוַתֹּאמְרוּand you saidבְּשִׂנְאַתbecause of hatred ofיְהוָהHashemאֹתָנוּusהוֹצִיאָנוּHe brought us outמֵאֶרֶץfrom the land ofמִצְרָיִםMitzrayimלָתֵתto deliverאֹתָנוּusבְּיַדinto the hand ofהָאֱמֹרִיthe Emoriלְהַשְׁמִידֵנוּ׃to destroy us
רַשִׁ״י
ותרגנו.and you slanderedלָשׁוֹןan expression ofהָרָע,evil speechוְכֵןand so"דִּבְרֵיthe words ofנִרְגָּן"a slandererמשליMishleiי"חeighteenאָדָםa manהַמּוֹצִיאwho brings outדִּבָּה:a bad report
רַשִׁ״י
בשנאתBecause of the hatred ofה'Hashemאתנו.usוְהוּאbut Heהָיָהwasאוֹהֵבlovingאֶתְכֶם,youאֲבָלbutאַתֶּםyouשׂוֹנְאִיםhatedאוֹתוֹ;Himמְשַׁלa proverb ofהֶדְיוֹטa commonerאוֹמֵרsaysמַהwhatדִּבְלִבָּךְis in your heartעַלconcerningרְחִמָּךְyour friendמַהwhatדִּבְלִבֵּהּis in his heartעֲלָךְconcerning youספריSifrei:
רַשִׁ״י
בשנאתIn the hatred ofה'HashemאתנוusהוציאנוHe brought us outמארץfrom the land ofמצרים.MitzrayimהוֹצָאָתוֹHis bringing outלְשִׂנְאָהout of hatredהָיְתָה;wasמָשָׁלA parableלְמֶלֶךְto a king ofבָּשָׂרfleshוָדָםand bloodשֶׁהָיוּwho hadלוֹto himשְׁנֵיtwoבָנִיםsonsוְיֵשׁand there isלוֹto himשְׁתֵּיtwoשָׂדוֹת,fieldsאַחַתoneשֶׁלofשִׁקְיָאirrigationוְאַחַתand oneשֶׁלofבַּעַל,rain-dependenceלְמִיto whomשֶׁהוּאthat heאוֹהֵבlovesנוֹתֵןhe givesשֶׁלofשִׁקְיָא,irrigationוּלְמִיand to whomשֶׁהוּאthat heשׂוֹנֵאhatesנוֹתֵןhe givesלוֹto himשֶׁלofבַּעַל,rain-dependenceאֶרֶץthe land ofמִצְרַיִםMitzrayimשֶׁלofשִׁקְיָאirrigationהִיא,it isשֶׁנִּילוּסfor the Nileעוֹלֶהrisesוּמַשְׁקֶהand watersאוֹתָהּ,itוְאֶרֶץand the land ofכְּנַעַןKenaanשֶׁלofבַּעַל,rain-dependenceוְהוֹצִיאָנוּand He brought us outמִמִּצְרַיִםfrom Mitzrayimלָתֵתto giveלָנוּto usאֶתאֶרֶץthe land ofכְּנַעַןKenaanבמ"רin Bamidbar Rabbahי"זseventeen:
פָּסוּק ז
Pasuk 7
אָנָהTo whereאֲנַחְנוּare weעֹלִיםgoing upאַחֵינוּour brothersהֵמַסּוּhave meltedאֶתלְבָבֵנוּour heartלֵאמֹרsayingעַםa peopleגָּדוֹלgreaterוָרָםand tallerמִמֶּנּוּthan usעָרִיםcitiesגְּדֹלֹתlargeוּבְצוּרֹתand fortifiedבַּשָּׁמָיִםto the heavensוְגַםand alsoבְּנֵיthe sons ofעֲנָקִיםgiantsרָאִינוּwe sawשָׁם׃there
רַשִׁ״י
עריםcitiesגדלתgreatובצורתand fortifiedבשמים.in the heavensדִּבְּרוּspokeהַכְּתוּבִיםthe Scripturesלְשׁוֹןin language ofהֲבַאיexaggerationספרי;SifreiחוליןChullinצ'90:
פָּסוּק ח
Pasuk 8
וָאֹמַרAnd I saidאֲלֵכֶםto youלֹאdo notתַעַרְצוּןbe brokenוְלֹאand do notתִירְאוּןfearמֵהֶם׃of them
רַשִׁ״י
לאDo notתערצון.be brokenלְשׁוֹןan expression ofשְׁבִירָה,breakingכְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ,as its Targumוְדוֹמֶהand similarלוֹto itאיובIyovל'chapter thirty"בַּעֲרוּץin the cleft ofנְחָלִיםvalleysלִשְׁכֹּן"–to dwellשִׁבּוּרthe break ofהַנְּחָלִים:the valleys
פָּסוּק ט
Pasuk 9
יְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵיכֶםyour GodהַהֹלֵךְWho goesלִפְנֵיכֶםbefore youהוּאHeיִלָּחֵםwill fightלָכֶםfor youכְּכֹלlike allאֲשֶׁרthatעָשָׂהHe didאִתְּכֶםwith youבְּמִצְרַיִםin Mitzrayimלְעֵינֵיכֶם׃before your eyes
רַשִׁ״י
ילחםHe will fightלכם.for youבִּשְׁבִילְכֶם:on your behalf
פָּסוּק י
Pasuk 10
וּבַמִּדְבָּרand in the wildernessאֲשֶׁרwhereרָאִיתָyou sawאֲשֶׁרhowנְשָׂאֲךָcarried youיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godכַּאֲשֶׁרasיִשָׂאcarriesאִישׁa manאֶתבְּנוֹhis sonבְּכָלon allהַדֶּרֶךְthe wayאֲשֶׁרthatהֲלַכְתֶּםyou traveledעַדuntilבֹּאֲכֶםyour comingעַדtoהַמָּקוֹםthe placeהַזֶּה׃this
רַשִׁ״י
ובמדברAnd in the wildernessאשרwhichראית.you sawמוּסָבis connectedעַלtoמִקְרָאthe verseשֶׁלְּמַעְלָהthat is aboveהֵימֶנּוּitככלaccording to allאשרthatעשהHe didאתכםwith youבמצריםin Mitzrayim,וְעָשָׂהand He didאַףalsoבמדברin the wildernessאשרwhereראיתyou sawאשרthatנשאךHe bore youוגו'etc:
רַשִׁ״י
כאשרAsישאbearsאישa manאתבנו.his sonכְּמוֹjust asשֶׁפֵּרַשְׁתִּיthat I explainedאֵצֶלby"וַיִּסַּע"And movedמַלְאַךְthe angel ofהָאֱלֹהִיםGodהַהֹלֵךְwho wentלִפְנֵיbeforeמַחֲנֵהthe camp ofיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelוְגוֹ'"etc."שמותShemosי"ד14מָשָׁלA parableלִמְהַלֵּךְto one walkingבַּדֶּרֶךְon the wayוּבְנוֹand his sonלְפָנָיו,before himבָּאוּthere cameלִסְטִיםbanditsלִשְׁבּוֹתוֹ,to kidnap himוְכוּ':etc.
פָּסוּק יא
Pasuk 11
וּבַדָּבָרAnd in the matterהַזֶּהthisאֵינְכֶםyou are notמַאֲמִינִםbelievingבַּיהוָהin Hashemאֱלֹהֵיכֶם׃your God
רַשִׁ״י
ובדברAnd in the matterהזה.thisשֶׁהוּאthat Heמַבְטִיחֲכֶםpromises youלַהֲבִיאֲכֶםto bring youאֶלtoהָאָרֶץthe Landאֵינְכֶםyou are notמַאֲמִינִיםbelievingבּוֹ:in Him
פָּסוּק יב
Pasuk 12
הַהֹלֵךְWho goesלִפְנֵיכֶםbefore youבַּדֶּרֶךְon the wayלָתוּרto scoutלָכֶםfor youמָקוֹםa placeלַחֲנֹתְכֶםfor your encampingבָּאֵשׁin fireלַיְלָהby nightלַרְאֹתְכֶםto show youבַּדֶּרֶךְon the wayאֲשֶׁרthatתֵּלְכוּyou should walkבָהּin itוּבֶעָנָןand in cloudיוֹמָם׃by day
רַשִׁ״י
לראתכם.to show youכְּמוֹis likeלְהַרְאוֹתְכֶם,to show youוְכֵןand soשמותShemosי"ג13"לַנְחֹתָםto lead themהַדֶּרֶךְ",the wayוְכֵןand soתהליםTehillimכ"ו26"לַשְׁמִעַto make heardבְּקוֹלwith a voice ofתּוֹדָה",thanksgivingוְכֵןand soמלכיםMelachimבIIט'9"לָלֶכֶתto goלַגִּידto tellבְּיִזְרְעֶאל":in Yizreel
פָּסוּק יג
Pasuk 13
וַיִּשְׁמַעAnd He heardיְהוָהHashemאֶתקוֹלthe sound ofדִּבְרֵיכֶםyour wordsוַיִּקְצֹףand He became angryוַיִּשָּׁבַעand He sworeלֵאמֹר׃saying
פָּסוּק יד
Pasuk 14
אִםIfיִרְאֶהthere shall seeאִישׁa manבָּאֲנָשִׁיםamong the menהָאֵלֶּהtheseהַדּוֹרthe generationהָרָעevilהַזֶּהthisאֵתהָאָרֶץthe landהַטּוֹבָהthe goodאֲשֶׁרthatנִשְׁבַּעְתִּיI sworeלָתֵתto giveלַאֲבֹתֵיכֶם׃to your fathers
פָּסוּק טו
Pasuk 15
זוּלָתִיexceptכָּלֵבCalevבֶּןson ofיְפֻנֶּהYefunehהוּאheיִרְאֶנָּהshall see itוְלוֹand to himאֶתֵּןI will giveאֶתהָאָרֶץthe landאֲשֶׁרthatדָּרַךְhe trodבָּהּupon itוּלְבָנָיוand to his childrenיַעַןbecauseאֲשֶׁרthatמִלֵּאhe followed fullyאַחֲרֵיafterיְהוָה׃Hashem
רַשִׁ״י
אשרthatדרךhe trodבה.upon itחֶבְרוֹן;Hebronשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is saidבמדברBamidbarי"ג13"וַיָּבֹאand he cameעַדuntilחֶבְרוֹן":Hebron
פָּסוּק טז
Pasuk 16
גַּםAlsoבִּיwith meהִתְאַנַּףwas incensedיְהוָהHashemבִּגְלַלְכֶםbecause of youלֵאמֹרsayingגַּםalsoאַתָּהyouלֹאshall notתָבֹאenterשָׁם׃there
רַשִׁ״י
התאנף.He was angryנִתְמַלֵּאhe was filledרֹגֶז:with wrath
פָּסוּק יז
Pasuk 17
יְהוֹשֻׁעַYehoshuaבִּןson ofנוּןNunהָעֹמֵדwho standsלְפָנֶיךָbefore youהוּאheיָבֹאshall enterשָׁמָּהthereאֹתוֹhimחַזֵּקstrengthenכִּיforהוּאheיַנְחִלֶנָּהshall cause to inherit itאֶתיִשְׂרָאֵל׃Yisrael
Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם

Moshe recounts how he tried to strengthen the people's emunah, reminding them of how Hashem fought for them in Mitzrayim and carried them through the midbar like a father carries his son, guiding them constantly with the pillar of fire and cloud. Yet, because of their lack of faith, Hashem became angry and swore that this entire evil generation would not see the Promised Land, with the sole exceptions of Calev ben Yefuneh, who remained loyal, and Yehoshua bin Nun, who would lead Klal Yisrael into the land. Moshe also notes that because of the people's actions, Hashem became angry with him as well, decreeing that he too would not enter Eretz Yisrael.

לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home

In this week's parshah, Moshe Rabbeinu reminds Klal Yisrael of the tragic mistake of the Meraglim. When the spies returned with frightening reports, the people wept in their tents, saying, "Because Hashem hates us, He brought us out of Egypt to destroy us." Moshe pleads with them to remember the truth: "Hashem your G-d carried you, just as a father carries his son, along the entire path you traveled."

Think about how painful this is. Hashem was carrying them in His arms like a beloved child, protecting them with clouds of glory and guiding them with fire, yet they convinced themselves that He hated them. The yetzer hara's greatest trick is to make us look at our challenges and conclude that Hashem is, chas v'shalom, angry with us or trying to hurt us. We fall into the trap of "sulking in our tents," letting fear distort our emunah.

When things get difficult or frightening in your life, you must actively fight this distortion. The challenges are not proof of Hashem's abandonment; they are the very places where He is carrying you. Just as a father holds his child tightest when walking through a dangerous place, Hashem is closest to you when the road gets rough.

Today, when you face a worry, a setback, or a difficult task, stop and say out loud: "Hashem loves me, He is carrying me right now, and He will fight this battle for me."

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י — דברים · שְׁלִישִׁי