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חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · PARSHAS HASHAVUAחוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · PARSHAS HASHAVUA

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · דברים · רְבִיעִי

Complete Word-for-Word Interlinear · Navy & Gold Edition
Devarim · 4th Aliyah
Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה

In this aliyah, Moshe Rabbeinu continues his review of the tragic episode of the meraglim (spies). He reminds the Bnei Yisrael of Hashem's decree that the generation of the wilderness would not enter the Promised Land, while their young children—whom they feared would be taken captive—would indeed inherit it. Moshe recounts how the people were commanded to turn back toward the wilderness, away from Eretz Yisrael.

We then learn of the tragic aftermath, where the people attempted to force their way into the land against Hashem's explicit warning. Moshe describes their defiant ascent to the hill country, their devastating defeat at the hands of the Amorites, and their subsequent weeping before Hashem, which was not accepted.

All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.
פָּסוּק א
Pasuk 1
וְטַפְּכֶםAnd your little onesאֲשֶׁרwhomאֲמַרְתֶּםyou saidלָבַזfor spoilיִהְיֶהthey would beוּבְנֵיכֶםand your childrenאֲשֶׁרwhoלֹאnotיָדְעוּknowהַיּוֹםtodayטוֹבgoodוָרָעand badהֵמָּהtheyיָבֹאוּshall enterשָׁמָּהthereוְלָהֶםand to themאֶתְּנֶנָּהI will give itוְהֵםand theyיִירָשׁוּהָּ׃shall possess it
פָּסוּק ב
Pasuk 2
וְאַתֶּםAnd as for youפְּנוּturnלָכֶםfor yourselvesוּסְעוּand journeyהַמִּדְבָּרָהto the wildernessדֶּרֶךְby way ofיַםthe Sea ofסוּף׃Reeds
רַשִׁ״י
פנוTurnלכם.for yourselvesאָמַרְתִּיI thoughtלְהַעֲבִירto passאֶתְכֶםyouדֶּרֶךְby way ofרֹחַבthe breadth ofאֶרֶץthe land ofאֱדוֹםEdomלְצַדto the side ofצָפוֹןnorthלִכָּנֵסto enterלָאָרֶץ,into the Landקִלְקַלְתֶּםyou corruptedוּגְרַמְתֶּםand you causedלָכֶםfor yourselvesעִכּוּב:a delay
רַשִׁ״י
פנוturnלכם.for yourselvesלַאֲחוֹרֵיכֶםbackwardsוְתֵלְכוּand goבַּמִּדְבָּרin the wildernessלְצַדtowards the side ofיַםthe Sea ofסוּףReedsשֶׁהַמִּדְבָּרfor the wildernessשֶׁהָיוּthat they wereמְהַלְּכִיםtravelingבּוֹin itלִדְרוֹמוֹto the southשֶׁלofהַרMountשֵׂעִירSeirהָיָהwasמַפְסִיקseparatingבֵּיןbetweenיַםthe Sea ofסוּףReedsלְהַרto MountשֵׂעִירSeirעַתָּהnowהִמָּשְׁכוּproceedלְצַדtowards the side ofהַיָּםthe seaוּתְסַבְּבוּand travel roundאֶתהַרMountשֵׂעִירSeirכָּלall ofדְּרוֹמוֹits southמִןfromהַמַּעֲרָבthe westלַמִּזְרָח:to the east
פָּסוּק ג
Pasuk 3
וַתַּעֲנוּAnd you answeredוַתֹּאמְרוּand you saidאֵלַיto meחָטָאנוּwe have sinnedלַיהוָהto Hashemאֲנַחְנוּweנַעֲלֶהwill go upוְנִלְחַמְנוּand we will fightכְּכֹלaccording to allאֲשֶׁרthatצִוָּנוּcommanded usיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵינוּour Godוַתַּחְגְּרוּand you girdedאִישׁevery manאֶתכְּלֵיthe weapons ofמִלְחַמְתּוֹhis warוַתָּהִינוּand you preparedלַעֲלֹתto go upהָהָרָה׃to the mountain
רַשִׁ״י
ותהינו.And you readiedלְשׁוֹןan expression of"הִנֶּנּוּhere we areוְעָלִינוּand we will go upאֶלtoהַמָּקוֹם"the placeבמדברBamidbarי"דfourteen,זֶהthis isהַלָּשׁוֹןthe expressionשֶׁאֲמַרְתֶּםthat you saidלְשׁוֹןan expression of"הֵן",yesכְּלוֹמַרmeaning to sayנִזְדַּמַּנְתֶּם:you prepared yourselves
פָּסוּק ד
Pasuk 4
וַיֹּאמֶרAnd saidיְהוָהHashemאֵלַיto meאֱמֹרsayלָהֶםto themלֹאdo notתַעֲלוּgo upוְלֹאand do notתִלָּחֲמוּfightכִּיforאֵינֶנִּיI am notבְּקִרְבְּכֶםin your midstוְלֹאlestתִּנָּגְפוּyou be routedלִפְנֵיbeforeאֹיְבֵיכֶם׃your enemies
רַשִׁ״י
לאDo notתעלו.go upלֹאnoעֲלִיָּהascentתְהֵאwill there beלָכֶםfor youאֶלָּאbut ratherיְרִידָה:a descent
פָּסוּק ה
Pasuk 5
וָאֲדַבֵּרAnd I spokeאֲלֵיכֶםto youוְלֹאand notשְׁמַעְתֶּםdid you listenוַתַּמְרוּand you rebelled againstאֶתפִּיthe word ofיְהוָהHashemוַתָּזִדוּand you acted willfullyוַתַּעֲלוּand you ascendedהָהָרָה׃the mountain
פָּסוּק ו
Pasuk 6
וַיֵּצֵאAnd went outהָאֱמֹרִיthe Amoriteהַיֹּשֵׁבwho dwellsבָּהָרin the mountainהַהוּאthatלִקְרַאתְכֶםtowards youוַיִּרְדְּפוּand they chasedאֶתְכֶםyouכַּאֲשֶׁרjust asתַּעֲשֶׂינָהdoהַדְּבֹרִיםthe beesוַיַּכְּתוּand they crushedאֶתְכֶםyouבְּשֵׂעִירin Seirעַדuntilחָרְמָה׃Chormah
רַשִׁ״י
כאשרAsתעשינהdoהדברים.the beesמַהJust asהַדְּבוֹרָהthe beeהַזֹּאתthisכְּשֶׁהִיאwhen sheמַכָּהstingsאֶתהָאָדָםthe personמִיָּדimmediatelyמֵתָה,diesאַףsoהֵםtheyכְּשֶׁהָיוּwhen they wereנוֹגְעִיםtouchingבָּכֶםyouמִיָּדimmediatelyמֵתִים:died
פָּסוּק ז
Pasuk 7
וַתָּשֻׁבוּAnd you returnedוַתִּבְכּוּand you weptלִפְנֵיbeforeיְהוָהHashemוְלֹאbut notשָׁמַעdid listenיְהוָהHashemבְּקֹלְכֶםto your voiceוְלֹאand notהֶאֱזִיןdid he give earאֲלֵיכֶם׃to you
רַשִׁ״י
ולאand notשמעheardה'Hashemבקלכם.your voiceכִּבְיָכוֹלas it wereעֲשִׂיתֶםyou madeמִדַּתthe attribute ofרַחֲמָיוHis mercyכְּאִלּוּas ifאַכְזָרִי:cruel
פָּסוּק ח
Pasuk 8
וַתֵּשְׁבוּAnd you dweltבְקָדֵשׁin Kadeshיָמִיםdaysרַבִּיםmanyכַּיָּמִיםlike the daysאֲשֶׁרthatיְשַׁבְתֶּם׃you dwelt
רַשִׁ״י
ותשבוAnd you dweltבקדשin Kadeshימיםdaysרבים.manyי"טnineteenשָׁנָה,yearsשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is saidכימיםaccording to the daysאשרthatישבתםyou dweltבִּשְׁאָרin the rest ofהַמַּסָּעוֹת,the journeysוְהֵםand theyהָיוּwereל"חthirty-eightשָׁנָה,yearsי"טnineteenמֵהֶםof themעָשׂוּthey spentבְקָדֵשׁin Kadeshוי"טand nineteenשָׁנָהyearsהוֹלְכִיםwanderingוּמְטֹרָפִיםand aimlessוְחָזְרוּand they returnedלְקָדֵשׁ,to Kadeshכְּמוֹjust asשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרit is saidבמדברin Bamidbarל"בthirty-two"וַיְנִיעֵםand He made them moveבַּמִּדְבָּר";in the wildernessכָּךְsoמָצָאתִיI foundבְּסֵדֶרin Sederעוֹלָם:Olam
פָּסוּק ט
Pasuk 9
וַנֵּפֶןAnd we turnedוַנִּסַּעand we journeyedהַמִּדְבָּרָהto the wildernessדֶּרֶךְby way ofיַםthe Sea ofסוּףReedsכַּאֲשֶׁרasדִּבֶּרspokeיְהוָהHashemאֵלָיto meוַנָּסָבand we circledאֶתהַרMountשֵׂעִירSeirיָמִיםdaysרַבִּים׃many
רַשִׁ״י
ונפןThen we turnedונסעand we journeyedהמדברה.into the wildernessאִלּוּifלֹאnotחָטְאוּthey had sinnedהָיוּthey would haveעוֹבְרִיםpassedדֶּרֶךְby way ofהַרMountשֵׂעִירSeirלִכָּנֵסto enterלָאָרֶץinto the Landמִןfromדְּרוֹמוֹits southלִצְפוֹנוֹ,to its northוּבִשְׁבִילbut becauseשֶׁקִּלְקְלוּthat they degeneratedהָפְכוּthey turnedלְצַדtoward the side ofהַמִּדְבָּר,the wildernessשֶׁהוּאwhich isבֵיןbetweenיַםthe Sea ofסוּףReedsלִדְרוֹמוֹto the southשֶׁלofהַרMountשֵׂעִיר,Seirוְהָלְכוּand they proceededאֵצֶלalongsideדְּרוֹמוֹits southמִןfromהַמַּעֲרָבthe westלַמִּזְרָחto the eastדרךby way ofיםthe Sea ofסוף.Reedsדֶּרֶךְby the route ofיְצִיאָתָןtheir departureמִמִּצְרַיִםfrom Mitzrayimשֶׁהוּאwhich isבְּמִקְצוֹעַat the cornerדְּרוֹמִיתsouthמַעֲרָבִית;westמִשָּׁםfrom thereהָיוּthey wereהוֹלְכִיםgoingלְצַדtoward the side ofהַמִּזְרָח:the east
רַשִׁ״י
ונסבand we compassedאתהרMountשעיר.Seirכָּלall ofדְּרוֹמוֹits southעַדuntilאֶרֶץthe land ofמוֹאָב:Moav
Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם

The aliyah details the transition from the decree of the wilderness to the actual retreat. After the Bnei Yisrael wept and confessed their sin, they foolishly girded their weapons to fight, ignoring Moshe's warning that Hashem's Presence was not among them. They were utterly routed by the Amorites at Hormah, and despite their tears, Hashem did not heed their cries, leading to their long stay in Kadesh before finally turning back into the wilderness toward the Sea of Reeds.

לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home

Look at the painful lesson of the Ma'apilim, the ones who tried to storm the mountain after the decree of the spies. When they realized their sin, they cried out, "We have sinned, we will go up and fight!" It sounds so holy, so full of teshuvah. But Hashem told them, "Do not go up... for I am not in your midst." They went anyway, and the Torah describes how they were chased and crushed like bees.

What was their mistake? They thought that because they felt a sudden burst of inspiration and a desire to do the right thing, they could ignore the actual, practical will of Hashem in that moment. True teshuvah and true avodah do not mean doing what we feel is spiritual; it means doing what Hashem wants from us right now, even if that means accepting a difficult decree, turning back into the wilderness, and waiting.

Sometimes we make a mistake, and in our eagerness to fix it, we rush to do some great, heroic spiritual act that Hashem is not asking of us. We want to "storm the mountain" on our own terms to make ourselves feel better. But the real avodah is kabalas ol, accepting the yoke of Heaven. If Hashem says, "Right now, your job is to sit quietly, to wait, or to do a simple, mundane task," then that is where the Shechinah is.

Today, before you rush to do a "great thing" to make up for a past failure, stop and ask: "What does Hashem actually want from me in this very moment?" Do not look for the dramatic mountain to climb; find the quiet, simple ratzon Hashem right in front of you and submit your will to His.

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י — דברים · רְבִיעִי