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חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · האזינו · רְבִיעִי

Complete Word-for-Word Interlinear · Navy & Gold Edition
Ha'Azinu · 4th Aliyah
Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה

In this aliyah, the Shira of Ha'Azinu continues with Hashem's response to the Bnei Yisrael's betrayal. Because they angered Hashem with false gods and empty vanities, Hashem declares that He will hide His face from them and provoke them with a low, foolish nation. The pesukim describe the intense fire of Hashem's anger that reaches the depths of the earth, bringing a series of devastating punishments upon the nation.

We learn of the terrible tzaros that will be unleashed, including famine, plague, wild beasts, and the sword of the enemy. Yet, even in the depths of this midas hadin, Hashem reveals that He will not completely destroy them or erase their memory from mankind, solely to prevent the enemies of Yisrael from mistakenly boasting that their own power, rather than Hashem's hand, brought about this downfall.

All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.
פָּסוּק א
Pasuk 1
וַיַּרְאAnd He sawיְהוָהHashemוַיִּנְאָץand He spurnedמִכַּעַסfrom the anger ofבָּנָיוHis sonsוּבְנֹתָיו׃and His daughters
פָּסוּק ב
Pasuk 2
וַיֹּאמֶרAnd He saidאַסְתִּירָהI will hideפָנַיMy faceמֵהֶםfrom themאֶרְאֶהI will seeמָהwhatאַחֲרִיתָםtheir endכִּיforדוֹרa generationתַּהְפֻּכֹתof reversalsהֵמָּהare theyבָּנִיםchildrenלֹאnoאֵמֻןfaithfulnessבָּם׃is in them
רַשִׁ״י
מהwhatאחריתם.their endמַהwhatתַּעֲלֶהwill comeבָהֶםupon themבְּסוֹפָם:in their end
רַשִׁ״י
כיforדורa generation ofתהפכתperversityהמה.they areמְהַפְּכִיןthey overturnרְצוֹנִיMy goodwillלְכַעַס:into anger
רַשִׁ״י
לאnotאמןfaithfulבם.in themאֵיןthere is noגִדּוּלַיMy trainingנִכָּרִיםevidentבָּהֶם,in themכִּיforהוֹרֵיתִיםI showed themדֶּרֶךְa wayטוֹבָהgoodוְסָרוּand they deviatedמִמֶּנָּה:from it
רַשִׁ״י
אמן.Nurturedלְשׁוֹןan expression of"וַיְהִי"And he wasאֹמֵן"bringing up"אסתרEstherב'chapter 2,נורריטור"הnourritureבְּלַעַז;in old Frenchדָּ"אַAnother explanationאמןfaithfulלְשׁוֹןan expression ofאֱמוּנָה,faithfulnessכְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ,like its Targumאָמְרוּthey saidבְסִינַיat Sinaiנַעֲשֶׂהwe will doוְנִשְׁמָעand we will hearkenוּלְשָׁעָהand within a timeקַלָּהshortבִטְּלוּthey nullifiedהַבְטָחָתָםtheir promiseוְעָשׂוּand madeהָעֵגֶלthe calfספריSifrei:
פָּסוּק ג
Pasuk 3
הֵםTheyקִנְאוּנִיprovoked Me to jealousyבְלֹאwith a non-אֵלgodכִּעֲסוּנִיthey angered Meבְּהַבְלֵיהֶםwith their vanitiesוַאֲנִיand Iאַקְנִיאֵםwill provoke them to jealousyבְּלֹאwith a non-עָםpeopleבְּגוֹיwith a nationנָבָלvileאַכְעִיסֵם׃I will anger them
רַשִׁ״י
קנאוני.they angered Meהִבְעִירוּthey kindledחֲמָתִי:My wrath
רַשִׁ״י
בלאWith notאל.a godבְּדָבָרwith a thingשֶׁאֵינוֹthat is notאֱלוֹהַּ:a god
רַשִׁ״י
בלאWith notעם.a peopleבְּאֻמָּהwith a nationשֶׁאֵיןthat has notלָהּto itשֵׁם,a reputationשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is saidישעיהוYeshayahuכ"ג23הֵןBeholdאֶרֶץthe land ofכַּשְׂדִיםChaldeansזֶהthisהָעָםpeopleלֹאnotהָיָה,wasבְּעֵשָׂוregarding EsavהוּאitאוֹמֵרsaysעובדיהOvadiahא'1בָּזוּיdespicableאַתָּהyou areמְאֹד:greatly
רַשִׁ״י
בגויWith a nationנבלdebasedאכעיסם.I will provoke themאֵלּוּthese areהַמִּינִים,the hereticsוְכֵןand soהוּאitאוֹמֵרsaysתהיליםTehillimי"ד14אָמַרsaidנָבָלthe degenerateבְּלִבּוֹin his heartאֵיןthere is noאֱלֹהִיםGodספרי;SifreiיבמותYevamosס"ג63:
פָּסוּק ד
Pasuk 4
כִּיForאֵשׁa fireקָדְחָהhas flaredבְאַפִּיin My wrathוַתִּיקַדand it burnedעַדuntilשְׁאוֹלthe depthsתַּחְתִּיתbelowוַתֹּאכַלand it consumedאֶרֶץearthוִיבֻלָהּand its produceוַתְּלַהֵטand it set ablazeמוֹסְדֵיfoundations ofהָרִים׃mountains
רַשִׁ״י
קדחה.it burnedבָּעֲרָה:it consumed
רַשִׁ״י
ותיקד.and it shall blazeבָּכֶםin youעַדuntilהַיְסוֹד:the foundation
רַשִׁ״י
ותאכלAnd it shall consumeארץlandויבלה.with her increaseאַרְצְכֶםyour landוִיבוּלָהּand its produceספריSifrei:
רַשִׁ״י
ותלהט.And it shall burnיְרוּשָׁלַיִםYerushalayimהַמְיֻסֶּדֶתwhich is foundedעַלuponהֶהָרִים,the mountainsשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is saidתהיליםTehillimקכ"ה125יְרוּשָׁלַיִםYerushalayimהָרִיםmountainsסָבִיבare roundלָהּ:about her
פָּסוּק ה
Pasuk 5
אַסְפֶּהI will sweepעָלֵימוֹupon themרָעוֹתmisfortunesחִצַּיMy arrowsאֲכַלֶּהI will spendבָּם׃on them
רַשִׁ״י
אספהI will heapעלימוupon themרעות.evilsאַחְבִּירI will joinרָעָהevilעַלuponרָעָה,evilלְשׁוֹןan expression of"סְפוּaddשָׁנָהyearעַלuponשָׁנָה"yearישעיהוYeshayahuכ"ט29,"סְפוֹתto addהָרָוָה"the wateredדבריםDevarimכ"ט29,"עֹלוֹתֵיכֶםyour burnt-offeringsסְפוּaddעַלuponזִבְחֵיכֶם"your sacrificesירמיהוYirmeyahuז'7.דָּ"אַanother explanationאספהI will expendאֲכַלֶּה,I will consumeכְּמוֹlike"פֶּןlestתִּסָּפֶה"you be swept awayבראשיתBereishisי"ט19:
רַשִׁ״י
חציMy arrowsאכלהI will spendבם.against themכָּלall ofחִצַּיmy arrowsאַשְׁלִיםI will completeבָּהֶם,against themוּקְלָלָהand curseזוֹthisלְפִיaccording toהַפֻּרְעָנוּתthe punishmentלִבְרָכָהfor a blessingהִיאit isחִצַּיmy arrowsכָּלִיםwill endוְהֵםbut theyאֵינָםare notכָּלִיםendingספרי;SifreiסוטהSotahט'9:
פָּסוּק ו
Pasuk 6
מְזֵיbloated withרָעָבfamineוּלְחֻמֵיand fought byרֶשֶׁףdemonsוְקֶטֶבand destruction ofמְרִירִיbitternessוְשֶׁןand the tooth ofבְּהֵמוֹתbeastsאֲשַׁלַּחI will sendבָּםagainst themעִםwithחֲמַתthe venom ofזֹחֲלֵיcrawlers ofעָפָר׃dust
רַשִׁ״י
מזיSucked ofרעב.famineאֻנְקְלוֹסOnkelosתִּרְגֵּםtranslated"נְפִיחֵי"swollen ofכָפָן",hunger"וְאֵיןand there is notלִיto meעֵדa witnessמוֹכִיחַprovingעָלָיו,upon itוּמִשְּׁמוֹand from the nameשֶׁלofרַבִּיRabbiמֹשֶׁהMosheהַדַּרְשָׁןthe Preacherמִטּוּלוּשָׂאfrom ToulouseשָׁמַעְתִּיI heardשְׂעִירֵיhairy ofרָעָבfamineאָדָםa personכָּחוּשׁemaciatedמְגַדֵּלgrowsשֵׂעָרhairעַלuponבְּשָׂרוֹ:his flesh
רַשִׁ״י
מזי.Maziלְשׁוֹןis the language ofאֲרַמִּיAramaic forשֵׂעָרhairמִזַיָּא,mizaya"דַּהֲוָהwho wasמְהַפֵּךְturning overבְּמִזַיָּא"his hairמגילהMegillahי"ח18:
רַשִׁ״י
ולחמיAnd the battles ofרשף.reshefהַשֵּׁדִיםthe demonsנִלְחֲמוּfoughtבָהֶם,with themשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is said"וּבְנֵיand the sons ofרֶשֶׁףreshefיַגְבִּיהוּflyעוּף"upwardאיובIyovה'five,וְהֵםand theyשֵׁדִים:are demons
רַשִׁ״י
וקטבand destructionמרירי.of Meririוּכְרִיתוּתand cutting off ofשֵׁדa demonשֶׁשְּׁמוֹwhose name isמְרִירִי,Meririקטבdestruction isכְּרִיתָה,cutting offכְּמוֹas in"אֱהִיI will beקָטָבְךָyour destructionשְׁאוֹל"O graveהושעHosheaי"גthirteen:
רַשִׁ״י
ושןAnd the tooth ofבהמת.domesticated animalsמַעֲשֶׂהan incidentהָיָהoccurredוְהָיוּand they wereהָרְחֵלִיםthe ewesנוֹשְׁכִיןbitingוּמְמִיתִיןand causing deathספריSifrei:
רַשִׁ״י
חמתThe venom ofזחליthose crawling inעפר.the dustאֶרֶסthe poison ofנְחָשִׁיםserpentsהַמְהַלְּכִיםthat walkעַלonגְּחוֹנָםtheir bellyעַלuponהֶעָפָרthe dustכַּמַּיִםlike waterהַזּוֹחֲלִיםthat tricklesעַלuponהָאָרֶץ;the groundזְחִילָהcrawling isלְשׁוֹןan expression ofמְרוּצַתthe flow ofהַמַּיִםthe waterעַלuponהֶעָפָרthe dustוְכֵןand similarlyכָּלanyמְרוּצַתpassage ofדָּבָרa thingהַמְשַׁפְשֵׁףthat shufflesעַלuponהֶעָפָרthe dustוְהוֹלֵךְ:and goes
פָּסוּק ז
Pasuk 7
מִחוּץFrom outsideתְּשַׁכֶּלshall bereaveחֶרֶבthe swordוּמֵחֲדָרִיםand from chambersאֵימָהterrorגַּםbothבָּחוּרyoung manגַּםandבְּתוּלָהmaidenיוֹנֵקsucklingעִםwithאִישׁman ofשֵׂיבָה׃gray hair
רַשִׁ״י
מחוץFrom outsideתשכלshall bereaveחרב.a swordמִחוּץfrom outsideלָעִירthe cityתְּשַׁכְּלֵםshall bereave themחֶרֶבthe sword ofגְּיָסוֹת.troops
רַשִׁ״י
ומחדריםAnd from chambersאימה.dreadכְּשֶׁבּוֹרֵחַwhen he fleesוְנִמְלָטand escapesחַדְרֵיthe chambers ofלִבּוֹhis heartנְקוּפִיםbeatעָלָיוupon himמֵחֲמַתbecause ofאֵימָה,dreadוְהוּאand heמֵתdiesוְהוֹלֵךְgraduallyבָּהthrough itספריSifrei;דָּ"אַ,another explanationומחדריםAnd from chambersאימהdreadבַּבַּיִתin the houseתִּהְיֶהthere will beאֵימַתthe dread ofדֶּבֶר,pestilenceכְּמָהasשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרthat it is saidירמיהוYirmeyahuט'9"כִּיForעָלָהhas come upמָוֶתdeathבְּחַלּוֹנֵינוּ",into our windowsוְכֵןand soתִּרְגֵּםtranslatedאֻנְקְלוֹס;Onkelosדָּ"אַ,another explanationמחוץFrom outsideתשכלshall bereaveחרבthe swordעַלon account ofמַהwhatשֶּׁעָשׂוּthat they didבַחוּצוֹת,in the streetsשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is said"וּמִסְפַּרAnd according to the number ofחוּצוֹתthe streets ofיְרוּשָׁלַיִםYerushalayimשַׂמְתֶּםyou set upמִזְבְּחוֹתaltarsלַבֹּשֶׁת"to the shameful thingשםthereי"א11;ומחדריםand from chambersאימהdread,עַלon account ofמַהwhatשֶּׁעָשׂוּthat they didבְחַדְרֵיin the chambers ofחֲדָרִים,chambersשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is said"אֲשֶׁרwhatזִקְנֵיthe elders ofבֵיתthe house ofיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelעוֹשִׂיםdoבַּחֹשֶׁךְin the darkאִישׁevery manבְּחַדְרֵיin the chambers ofמַשְׂכִּיתוֹ"his imageryיחזקאלYechezkelח'8:
פָּסוּק ח
Pasuk 8
אָמַרְתִּיI saidאַפְאֵיהֶםI will scatter themאַשְׁבִּיתָהI will make ceaseמֵאֱנוֹשׁfrom mankindזִכְרָם׃their memory
רַשִׁ״י
אמרתיI saidאפאיהם.I will scatter themאָמַרְתִּיI saidבְלִבִּיin my heartאַפְאֶהI will make פאהאוֹתָם,themוְיֵשׁand there areלְפָרֵשׁto explainאפאיהםI will scatter themאֲשִׁיתֵםI will place themפֵּאָה,as a cornerלְהַשְׁלִיכָםto cast themמֵעָלַיfrom upon meהֶפְקֵר,ownerlessוְדֻגְמָתוֹand its parallelמָצִינוּwe foundבְעֶזְרָאin EzraנחמיהNehemiahט'9"וַתִּתֵּןand You gaveלָהֶםto themמַמְלָכוֹתkingdomsוַעֲמָמִיםand nationsוַתַּחְלְקֵםand You divided themלְפֵאָה"into a cornerלְהֶפְקֵר,as ownerlessוְכֵןand soחִבְּרוֹclassified itמְנַחֵם.Menachemוְיֵשׁand there areפּוֹתְרִיםwho explainאוֹתוֹitכְּתַרְגּוּמוֹlike its Targum"יָחוּלshall restרוּגְזִיmy angerעֲלֵיהוֹן",upon themוְלֹאand notיִתָּכֵן,is it possibleשֶׁאִםfor ifכֵּןsoהָיָהit wasלוֹfor itלִכְתֹּבto writeאֲאַפְאֵיהֶם,I will anger themאַחַתoneלְשִׁמּוּשׁfor prefixוְאַחַתand oneלִיסוֹד,for rootכְּמוֹlike"אֲאַזֶּרְךָ"I girded youישעיהוIsaiahמ"ה45,"אֲאַמִּצְכֶםI would strengthen youבְּמוֹwithפִי"my mouthאיובJobט"ו16,וְהָאָלֶ"ףand the Alephהַתִּיכוֹנָהthe middleאֵינָהּis notרְאוּיָהfittingבוֹin itכְלָל.at allוְאֻנְקְלוֹסand Onkelosתִּרְגֵּםtranslatedאַחַרafterלְשׁוֹןthe phrasing ofהַבָּרַיְתָאthe Baraithaהַשְּׁנוּיָהwhich is taughtבְסִפְרֵיin Sifreiהַחוֹלֶקֶתwhich dividesתֵּבָהwordזוֹthisלְשָׁלוֹשׁinto threeתֵּבוֹת,wordsאָמַרְתִּיI saidאַףangerאֵיwhereהֵםare theyאָמַרְתִּיI saidבְאַפִּיin my angerאֶתְּנֵםI will make themכְּאִלּוּas ifאֵינָםthey are notשֶׁיֹּאמְרוּthat will sayרוֹאֵיהֶםtheir onlookersעֲלֵיהֶםabout themאַיֵּהwhereהֵם:are they
פָּסוּק ט
Pasuk 9
לוּלֵיWere it notכַּעַסthe anger ofאוֹיֵבthe enemyאָגוּרI fearedפֶּןlestיְנַכְּרוּwould misinterpretצָרֵימוֹtheir adversariesפֶּןlestיֹאמְרוּthey would sayיָדֵינוּour handרָמָהis highוְלֹאand notיְהוָהHashemפָּעַלwroughtכָּלallזֹאת׃this
רַשִׁ״י
לוליWere it notכעסthe wrath ofאויבthe enemyאגור.was heaped upאִםifלֹאnotשֶׁכַּעַסthat the wrath ofהָאוֹיֵבthe enemyכָּנוּסis gatheredעֲלֵיהֶםagainst themלְהַשְׁחִית,to destroyוְאִםand ifיוּכַלhe is ableלָהֶםagainst themוְיַשְׁחִיתֵםand he destroys themיִתְלֶהhe will attributeהַגְּדֻלָּהthe greatnessבּוֹto himselfוּבֵאלֹהָיוand to his godוְלֹאand notיִתְלֶהhe will attributeהַגְּדֻלָּהthe greatnessבִּי,to Meוְזֶהוּand this isשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרthat which is saidפןlestינכרוthey make strangeצרימוtheir adversariesיְנַכְּרוּthey will make strangeהַדָּבָרthe matterלִתְלוֹתto attributeגְּבוּרָתָםtheir powerבְּנָכְרִיto a strangerשֶׁאֵיןthat is notהַגְּדֻלָּהthe greatnessשֶׁלּוֹhisפןlestיאמרוthey will sayידנוour handרמהis exaltedוגו'etc.:
פָּסוּק י
Pasuk 10
כִּיForגוֹיa nationאֹבַדlost ofעֵצוֹתcounselהֵמָּהare theyוְאֵיןand there is noבָּהֶםin themתְּבוּנָה׃understanding
רַשִׁ״י
כיforאוֹתוֹthatגויnationאבדerring ofעצותcounselהמהthey areואיןand there is notבהםin themתבונה.understandingשֶׁאִלּוּfor ifהָיוּthey wereחֲכָמִיםwiseישכילוthey would understandזאתthisאיכהhowירדףcould pursueוגו'etc.:
Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם

The aliyah details the severe consequences of Yisrael's unfaithfulness, beginning with Hashem hiding His countenance and decreeing a series of harsh retributions, including famine, pestilence, wild beasts, and the sword of war. However, the Shira explains that Hashem restrains His ultimate wrath and refrains from utterly destroying the nation so that the non-Jewish nations will not misinterpret the destruction and arrogantly claim that their own strength, rather than Hashem's decree, prevailed.

לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home

The Torah is describing a terrible state of hester panim, where Hashem hides His face and lets the natural course of destruction take over. Yet, even in the deepest darkness, the pasuk reveals a staggering chiddush: Hashem restrains the ultimate destruction of Klal Yisrael "lulei ka'as oyev agur", only because the goyim would mistakenly say that their own power did it, and not Hashem. Think about this deep yesod. Even when we are, chas v'shalom, unworthy, and even when we have brought anger upon ourselves, Hashem's concern for His Name and His connection to us remains the ultimate shield that prevents our destruction. We are never truly abandoned, because our existence is bound up with His Name.

This is not just a historical prophecy; it is a guide for our personal avodah when we feel distant from Hashem. Sometimes a Yid feels so far gone, so full of failures, that he thinks, "How can I even turn to Hashem? I have ruined everything." The yetzer hara wants you to believe that the hester panim is absolute. But the Torah is teaching us that even at the very edge, Hashem is still holding onto us. The connection is never severed. If Hashem keeps us here even when we are at our lowest, it means He still wants our avodah and is waiting for us to make the first move to return.

Today, when you say the words "Hashiveinu Hashem eilecha v'nashuva" in Shemoneh Esrei, or whenever you feel a moment of spiritual heaviness, stop and remind yourself: "Hashem has never let go of me, and He never will." Take one small, hidden mitzvah or a single minute of heartfelt tefillah, and use it to break through the concealment, knowing that Hashem is waiting right on the other side of the partition.

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י — האזינו · רְבִיעִי