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Ha'Azinu · 5th Aliyah
Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה

In this aliyah, the Shira continues with a powerful and sobering look at the churban and the bitter galus of Klal Yisrael. Hashem laments that if only the nation had been wise, they would have looked at their history and realized that it is impossible for a tiny handful of enemies to chase down thousands of Yidden unless Hashem Himself had decided to deliver them over. The pasukim describe the spiritual decay of the enemies, whose actions are as poisonous as the grapes of Sodom and Gomorrah, and whose ultimate downfall is already sealed and waiting in Hashem's storehouses.

Yet, within this dark picture, the Torah brings us to the turning point of the geulah. When Klal Yisrael is completely down, with all their strength gone and no savior in sight, Hashem will step in to avenge His servants. He will mock the empty avodah zarah that the nations and the backsliding Yidden trusted in, showing everyone that there is absolutely no power other than Him.

All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.
פָּסוּק א
Pasuk 1
לוּIfחָכְמוּthey were wiseיַשְׂכִּילוּthey would understandזֹאתthisיָבִינוּthey would comprehendלְאַחֲרִיתָם׃their end
רַשִׁ״י
יבינוthey would understandלאחריתם.their latter endיִתְּנוּthey would setלֵבheartלְהִתְבּוֹנֵןto comprehendלְסוֹףthe end ofפֻּרְעֲנוּתָםtheir punishmentשֶׁלofיִשְׂרָאֵל:Yisrael
פָּסוּק ב
Pasuk 2
אֵיכָהhowיִרְדֹּףcould pursueאֶחָדoneאֶלֶףa thousandוּשְׁנַיִםand twoיָנִיסוּput to flightרְבָבָהten thousandאִםifלֹאnotכִּיthatצוּרָםtheir Rockמְכָרָםsold themוַיהוָהand Hashemהִסְגִּירָם׃delivered them up
רַשִׁ״י
איכהhowירדףcould pursueאחד.oneמִמֶּנּוּof usאלףa thousandמִיִּשְׂרָאֵל:of Yisrael
רַשִׁ״י
אםIfלאnotכיthatצורםtheir Rockמכרםsold themוה'and Hashemהסגירם.delivered themמְכָרָםsold themוּמְסָרָםand delivered themבְּיָדֵנוּ,into our handדליב"רdelivrerבְּלַעַז:in foreign tongue
פָּסוּק ג
Pasuk 3
כִּיForלֹאnotכְצוּרֵנוּlike our Rockצוּרָםis their rockוְאֹיְבֵינוּand our enemiesפְּלִילִים׃are judges
רַשִׁ״י
כיForלאnotכצורנוas our Rockצורם.is their rockכָּלallזֶהthisהָיָהwasלָהֶםfor themלָאוֹיְבִיםthe enemiesלְהָבִיןto understandשֶׁהַשֵּׁםthat Hashemהִסְגִּירָםdelivered themוְלֹאand notלָהֶםtheirsוְלֵאלֹהֵיהֶםand to their godsהַנִּצָּחוֹן,is the victoryשֶׁהֲרֵיfor beholdעַדuntilהֵנָּהnowלֹאnotיָכְלוּcouldכְּלוּםanythingאֱלֹהֵיהֶםtheir godsכְּנֶגֶדagainstצוּרֵנוּ,our Rockכִּיforלֹאnotכְסַלְעֵנוּas our rockסַלְעָם;is their rockכָּלeveryצוּרrockשֶׁבַּמִּקְרָאthat is in Scriptureלְשׁוֹןis an expression ofסֶלַע:rock
רַשִׁ״י
ואיבינוand our enemiesפלילים.are judgesוְעַכְשָׁוand nowאוֹיְבֵינוּour enemiesשׁוֹפְטִיםare judgingאוֹתָנוּ,usהֲרֵיbeholdשֶׁצוּרֵנוּthat our Rockמְכָרָנוּsold usלָהֶם:to them
פָּסוּק ד
Pasuk 4
כִּיForמִגֶּפֶןfrom the vine ofסְדֹםSodomגַּפְנָםis their vineוּמִשַּׁדְמֹתand from the fields ofעֲמֹרָהGomorrahעֲנָבֵמוֹtheir grapesעִנְּבֵיare grapes ofרוֹשׁgallאַשְׁכְּלֹתclusters ofמְרֹרֹתbitternessלָמוֹ׃are to them
רַשִׁ״י
כיForמגפןfrom the vine ofסדםSodomגפנם.is their vineמוּסָבis connectedלְמַעְלָהaboveאָמַרְתִּיI saidבְּלִבִּיin My heartאַפְאֵיהֶםI would scatter themוְאַשְׁבִּיתand I would ceaseזִכְרָםtheir remembranceלְפִיbecauseשֶׁמַּעֲשֵׂיהֶםthat their deedsמַעֲשֵׂיare the deeds ofסְדוֹםSodomוַעֲמוֹרָה:and Amorah
רַשִׁ״י
שדמת.fields ofשְׂדֵהa field ofתְּבוּאָה,grainכְּמוֹas in"וּשְׁדֵמוֹתand fieldsלֹאnotעָשָׂהyieldedאֹכֶל"foodחבקוקChavakukג'chapter 3,"בְּשַׁדְמוֹתin the fields ofקִדְרוֹן"KidronמלכיםMelachimבIIכ"גchapter 23:
רַשִׁ״י
ענביgrapes ofרוש.roshעֵשֶׂבan herbמַר:bitter
רַשִׁ״י
אשכלתclusters ofמררתbitternessלמו.to themמַשְׁקֶהa drink ofמַרbitternessרָאוּיis fittingלָהֶם,for themלְפִיaccording toמַעֲשֵׂיהֶםtheir deeds isפֻּרְעֲנוּתָם,their punishmentוְכֵןand soתִּרְגֵּםtranslatedאֻנְקְלוֹסOnkelos"וְתוּשְׁלָמַתand the recompense ofעוֹבָדֵיהוֹןtheir deeds isכִּמְרָרוּתְהוֹן":according to their bitterness
פָּסוּק ה
Pasuk 5
חֲמַתpoison ofתַּנִּינִםserpentsיֵינָםis their wineוְרֹאשׁand the venom ofפְּתָנִיםvipersאַכְזָר׃cruel
רַשִׁ״י
חמתThe poison ofתנינםdragonsיינם.is their wineכְּתַרְגּוּמוֹis like its Targum"הָאBeholdכְמָרַתlike the gall ofתַּנִּינַיָּאserpentsכֹּסis the cup ofפּוּרְעֲנוּתְהוֹן",their punishmentהִנֵּהbeholdכִמְרִירַתlike the bitterness ofנְחָשִׁיםsnakesכּוֹסis the cup ofמִשְׁתֵּהthe drink ofפֻּרְעֲנוּתָם:their punishment
רַשִׁ״י
וראשAnd the venom ofפתנים.vipersכּוֹסָםis their cupשֶׁהוּאwhich isאכזרcruelלַנָּשׁוּךְ,to the bitten oneאוֹיֵבan enemyאַכְזָרִיcruelיָבֹאwill comeוְיִפָּרַעand exact punishmentמֵהֶם:from them
פָּסוּק ו
Pasuk 6
הֲלֹאIs it notהוּאitכָּמֻסstored upעִמָּדִיwith Meחָתֻםsealedבְּאוֹצְרֹתָי׃in My treasuries
רַשִׁ״י
הלאIs notהואitכמסlaid upעמדי.with Meכְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ,according to its Targumכִּסְבוּרִיםthey thinkהֵםtheyשֶׁשָּׁכַחְתִּיthat I forgotמַעֲשֵׂיהֶם,their deedsכֻּלָּםall of themגְּנוּזִיםare hiddenוּשְׁמוּרִיםand guardedלְפָנַי:before Me
רַשִׁ״י
הלאIs notהוא.thisפְּרִיthe fruit ofגַפְנָםtheir vineוּתְבוּאַתand the produce ofשַׁדְמוֹתָםtheir fieldsכמסstored upעמדיwith me:
פָּסוּק ז
Pasuk 7
לִיTo Meנָקָםis vengeanceוְשִׁלֵּםand recompenseלְעֵתfor the timeתָּמוּטfaltersרַגְלָםtheir footכִּיforקָרוֹבnear isיוֹםthe day ofאֵידָםtheir disasterוְחָשׁand rushesעֲתִדֹתthe futureלָמוֹ׃for them
רַשִׁ״י
ליWith Meנקםis vengeanceושלם.and recompenseעִמִּיwith Meנָכוֹןis preparedוּמְזֻמָּןand readyפֻּרְעֲנוּתthe punishment ofנָקָם,vengeanceוִישַׁלֵּםand it will payלָהֶםto themכְּמַעֲשֵׂיהֶם,according to their deedsהַנָּקָםthe vengeanceיְשַׁלֵּםwill payלָהֶםto themגְּמוּלָם.their recompenseוְיֵשׁand there areמְפָרְשִׁיםthose who explainושלםand recompenseשֵׁםas a nounדָּבָר,·כְּמוֹlikeוְשִׁלּוּםand retributionוְהוּאand it isמִגִּזְרַתfrom the form of"וְהַדִּבֵּרand the speakingאֵיןis notבָּהֶם"in themירמיהוYirmeyahuה'chapter fiveכְּמוֹlikeוְהַדִּבּוּר.and the speechוְאֵימָתַיand whenאֲשַׁלֵּםwill I payלָהֶם?to them
רַשִׁ״י
לעתat the timeתמוטshall totterרגלם.their footכְּשֶׁתִּתֹּםwhen will endזְכוּתthe merit ofאֲבוֹתָםtheir ancestorsשֶׁהֵןthat they areסְמוּכִיםrelyingעָלָיו:upon it
רַשִׁ״י
כיForקרובnearיוםthe day ofאידם.their calamityמִשֶּׁאֶרְצֶהfrom when I desireלְהָבִיאto bringעֲלֵיהֶםupon themיוֹםthe day ofאֵידָםtheir calamityקָרוֹבis nearוּמְזֻמָּןand preparedלְפָנַיbefore Meלְהָבִיאto bringעַלbyיְדֵיmeans ofשְׁלוּחִיםagentsהַרְבֵּה:many
רַשִׁ״י
וחשand quicklyעתדתthe future thingsלמו.for themוּמַהֵרand quicklyיָבוֹאוּwill comeהָעֲתִידוֹתthe future thingsלָהֶם:for them
רַשִׁ״י
וחש.and hastensכְּמוֹis like"יְמַהֵרlet him speedיָחִישָׁה"let him hastenישעיהוYeshayahuה'chapter five;עַדuntilכָּאןhereהֵעִידwarnedעֲלֵיהֶםagainst themמֹשֶׁהMosheדִבְרֵיwords ofתּוֹכֵחָהreproofלִהְיוֹתto beהַשִּׁירָהthe songהַזֹּאתthisלְעֵד,for a witnessכְּשֶׁתָּבֹאwhen there comesעֲלֵיהֶםupon themהַפֻּרְעָנוּתthe punishmentיֵדְעוּthey will knowשֶׁאֲנִיthat Iהוֹדַעְתִּיםinformed themמֵרֹאשׁ,from the beginningמִכָּאןfrom hereוָאֵילָךְand onwardהֵעִידhe warnedעֲלֵיהֶםthem withדִּבְרֵיwords ofתַנְחוּמִיןcomfortשֶׁיָּבוֹאוּthat will comeעֲלֵיהֶםupon themכִּכְלוֹתat the end ofהַפֻּרְעָנוּת,the punishmentכְּכֹלlike allאֲשֶׁרthatאָמַרhe saidלְמַעְלָה,above"וְהָיָהand it shall beכִיwhenיָבֹאוּthere comeעָלֶיךָupon youוְגוֹ'etc.הַבְּרָכָהthe blessingוְהַקְּלָלָהand the curseוְגוֹ'etc.וְשָׁבand He will returnה'Hashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godאֶתשְׁבוּתְךָyour captivityוְגוֹ'":etc.
פָּסוּק ח
Pasuk 8
כִּיForיָדִיןwill judgeיְהוָהHashemעַמּוֹHis peopleוְעַלand uponעֲבָדָיוHis servantsיִתְנֶחָםHe will relentכִּיwhenיִרְאֶהHe seesכִּיthatאָזְלַתis goneיָדpowerוְאֶפֶסand there is noneעָצוּרruledוְעָזוּב׃or ruler
רַשִׁ״י
כיWhenידיןwill judgeה'Hashemעמו.His peopleכְּשֶׁיִּשְׁפֹּטwhen He judgesאוֹתוֹthemבְּיִסּוּרִיןwith sufferingsהַלָּלוּtheseהָאֲמוּרוֹתthat are mentionedעֲלֵיהֶם,concerning themכְּמוֹlike"כִּי"Forבָםby themיָדִיןHe chastisesעַמִּים"nations"איובIyovל"ו36יְיַסֵּרHe will chastiseעַמִּים.nationsכִּיthis word כיזֶהthisאֵינוֹis notמְשַׁמֵּשׁservingבִּלְשׁוֹןin the sense ofדְּהָא,becauseלָתֵתto giveטַעַםa reasonלַדְּבָרִיםfor the wordsשֶׁלofמַעְלָה,aboveאֶלָּאbut ratherלְשׁוֹןan expression ofתְּחִלַּתthe beginning ofדִּבּוּר,a statementכְּמוֹlikeויקראVayikraכ"ה25"כִּי"Whenתָבֹאוּyou will comeאֶלtoהָאָרֶץ",the land"כְּשֶׁיָּבֹאוּwhen there comeעֲלֵיהֶםupon themמִשְׁפָּטִיםjudgmentsהַלָּלוּtheseוְיִתְנַחֵםand will relentהַקָּבָּ"הthe Holy OneעַלconcerningעֲבָדָיוHis servantsלָשׁוּבto returnוּלְרַחֵםand to have mercyעֲלֵיהֶם:upon them
רַשִׁ״י
יתנחם.He will repentלְשׁוֹןis an expression ofהִפּוּךְchangingהַמַּחֲשָׁבָהthe mindלְהֵיטִיבto do goodאוֹorלְהָרַע:to do evil
רַשִׁ״י
כיWhenיראהHe seesכיthatאזלתgone isיד.powerכְּשֶׁיִּרְאֶהwhen He seesכִּיthatיַדthe hand ofהָאוֹיֵבthe enemyהוֹלֶכֶתis goingוְחוֹזֶקֶתand strengtheningמְאֹדexceedinglyעֲלֵיהֶם,over themואפסand there is noneבָּהֶםamong themעצורruledועזובor helped:
רַשִׁ״י
עצור.Restrainedנוֹשַׁעis savedעַלbyיְדֵיthe hands ofעוֹצֵרa restrainerוּמוֹשֵׁלand a rulerשֶׁיַּעֲצֹרwho will restrainבָּהֶם:them
רַשִׁ״י
עזוב.abandoned/strengthenedעַלbyיְדֵיthe hands ofעוֹזֵב;one who strengthensעוֹצֵרa rulerהוּאhe isהַמּוֹשֵׁלthe rulerהָעוֹצֵרwho restrainsבָּעָםamong the peopleשֶׁלֹּאthat notיֵלְכוּthey should goמְפֻזָּרִיםscatteredבְּצֵאתָםin their going outלַצָּבָאto the armyעַלagainstהָאוֹיֵב,the enemyבְּלַעַזin foreign tongueמיינטינ"דור;maintainerעצורrestrained,הוּאhe isהַנּוֹשָׁעthe one savedבְּמַעֲצוֹרthrough the restraint ofהַמּוֹשֵׁל;the rulerעזובstrengthened,מְחֻזָּק,fortifiedכְּמוֹlikeנחוםNehemiahג'chapter 3"וַיַּעַזְבוּand they fortifiedיְרוּשָׁלַיִםYerushalayimעַדuntilהַחוֹמָה";the wall"אֵיךְhowלֹאis notעֻזְּבָהhelpedעִירthe city ofתְּהִלָּה"praiseירמיהוYirmeyahuמ"טchapter 49,אינפורצדו"ר:fortified
פָּסוּק ט
Pasuk 9
וְאָמַרAnd He will sayאֵיWhere isאֱלֹהֵימוֹtheir godצוּרthe rockחָסָיוּthey took refugeבוֹ׃in him
רַשִׁ״י
ואמר.And He will sayהַקָּבָּ"הthe Holy One blessed be Heעֲלֵיהֶםconcerning themאיwhere areאלהימוtheir godsשֶׁעָבְדוּ:that they served
רַשִׁ״י
צורThe rockחסיוthey trustedבו.in itהַסֶּלַעthe rockשֶׁהָיוּthat they wereמִתְכַּסִּיןcovering themselvesבּוֹwith itמִפְּנֵיfrom beforeהַחַמָּהthe heatוְהַצִּנָּה,and the coldכְּלוֹמַרmeaning to sayשֶׁהָיוּthat they wereבְטוּחִיןtrustingבּוֹin itלְהָגֵןto protectעֲלֵיהֶםupon themמִןfromהָרָעָה:the evil
פָּסוּק י
Pasuk 10
אֲשֶׁרWhoחֵלֶבthe fat ofזְבָחֵימוֹtheir sacrificesיֹאכֵלוּwould eatיִשְׁתּוּwould drinkיֵיןthe wine ofנְסִיכָםtheir libationsיָקוּמוּlet them riseוְיַעְזְרֻכֶםand help youיְהִיlet there beעֲלֵיכֶםover youסִתְרָה׃a shelter
רַשִׁ״י
אשרwhoחלבthe fat ofזבחימו.their sacrificesהָיוּwereאוֹתָןthoseאֱלֹהוֹתgodsאוֹכְלִים,eatingשֶׁהָיוּwhich they wereמַקְרִיבִיםofferingלִפְנֵיהֶם,before themוְשׁוֹתִיןand drinkingייןthe wine ofנסיכםtheir drink offerings:
רַשִׁ״י
יהיlet it beעליכםupon youסתרה.a protectionאוֹתוֹthatהַצּוּרrockיִהְיֶהshall beלָכֶםto youמַחֲסֶהa refugeוּמִסְתּוֹר:and a shelter
פָּסוּק יא
Pasuk 11
רְאוּseeעַתָּהnowכִּיthatאֲנִיIאֲנִיIהוּאam Heוְאֵיןand there is noאֱלֹהִיםgodעִמָּדִיwith MeאֲנִיIאָמִיתbring deathוַאֲחַיֶּהand I give lifeמָחַצְתִּיI woundedוַאֲנִיand Iאֶרְפָּאwill healוְאֵיןand there is noneמִיָּדִיfrom My handמַצִּיל׃who delivers
רַשִׁ״י
ראוSeeעתה.nowהָבִינוּunderstandמִןfromהַפֻּרְעָנוּתthe punishmentשֶׁהֵבִיאthat He broughtעֲלֵיכֶםupon youוְאֵיןand there is noלָכֶםfor youמוֹשִׁיעַ,saviorוּמִןand fromהַתְּשׁוּעָהthe salvationשֶׁאוֹשִׁיעֲכֶםthat I will save youוְאֵיןand there is noמוֹחֶהprotesterבְיָדִי:against My hand
רַשִׁ״י
אניIאניIהוא.am HeאֲנִיI amלְהַשְׁפִּילto abaseוַאֲנִיand I amלְהָרִים:to raise
רַשִׁ״י
ואיןand there is noאלהיםgodעמדי.with Meעוֹמֵדstandingכְּנֶגְדִּיagainst Meלִמְחוֹת:to protest
רַשִׁ״י
עמדי.with Meדֻּגְמָתִיmy equalוְכָמוֹנִי:and like me
רַשִׁ״י
ואיןand there is noneמידיfrom My handמציל.who can deliverהַפּוֹשְׁעִיםthose who rebelבִּי:against Me
Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם

The aliyah details how the enemies of Klal Yisrael could only succeed because Hashem sold His people into their hands, though the enemies themselves are spiritually rotten and destined for a bitter end. Hashem keeps their punishment sealed in His storehouses, waiting for the moment their foot falters to bring about His vengeance. Ultimately, when the Jewish people are completely helpless, Hashem will vindicate His servants, challenge the uselessness of the false gods they turned to, and reveal His absolute oneness as the Sole Provider of life, death, and ultimate healing.

לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home

The Torah is telling us a tremendous chiddush in this week's parsha. When we look at the world and see our enemies succeeding, or when we face personal tzaros where it feels like we are completely powerless, we tend to look at the natural causes. We think the other side is stronger, or that we made a bad move. But the pasuk screams to us: "How could one have routed a thousand... unless their Rock had sold them?" Lichoira, the only reason the enemy has any power over us is because Hashem b'davka handed us over. It is never about the strength of the natural forces against us; it is entirely about our relationship with Hashem.

This is a major yesod in our avodah. When things go wrong, the yetzer hara wants us to focus on the "enemy" or the physical obstacle, making us feel weak and helpless. But the Torah is teaching us that when we reach a state of "azilas yad," when we realize we have absolutely no strength of our own and that no natural savior can help us, that is exactly when Hashem's salvation begins. The moment we stop putting our bitachon in the "rocks" of the world and realize that "I am the One, and there is no god beside Me," the yeshua comes.

Today, when you face a frustrating situation or a setback that seems out of your control, do not waste your energy fighting the natural cause or worrying about how strong the obstacle seems. Stop for a moment, take a deep breath, and say to yourself: "This obstacle has no power of its own; everything is directly from Hashem, and only He can heal and save me."

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י — האזינו · חֲמִישִׁי