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חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · PARSHAS HASHAVUAחוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · PARSHAS HASHAVUA

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · כי תצא · חֲמִישִׁי

Complete Word-for-Word Interlinear · Navy & Gold Edition
Ki Teitzei · 5th Aliyah
Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה

In this aliyah, the Torah teaches us the halachos of a worker eating from the crops he is harvesting. Hashem gives a worker the right to eat from the grapes or standing grain of his fellow Jew while he is working, but with strict limits to protect the owner's property.

All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.
פָּסוּק א
Pasuk 1
כִּיWhenתָבֹאyou enterבְּכֶרֶםinto the vineyard ofרֵעֶךָyour fellowוְאָכַלְתָּand you may eatעֲנָבִיםgrapesכְּנַפְשְׁךָaccording to your desireשָׂבְעֶךָuntil your fullnessוְאֶלbut intoכֶּלְיְךָyour vesselלֹאyou shall notתִתֵּן׃put
רַשִׁ״י
כיWhenתבאyou comeבכרםinto the vineyard ofרעך.your fellowבְּפוֹעֵלof a laborerהַכָּתוּבthe Scriptureמְדַבֵּר:speaks
רַשִׁ״י
כנפשך.as your soulכַּמָּהas muchשֶׁתִּרְצֶה:as you desire
רַשִׁ״י
שבעך.your fillוְלֹאand notאֲכִילָהeatingגַסָּהexcessiveבבאBavaמציעאMetziaפ"זchapter seven:
רַשִׁ״י
ואלand intoכליךyour vesselלאyou shall notתתן.putמִכָּאןfrom hereשֶׁלֹּאthat notדִּבְּרָהspokeתוֹרָהthe Torahאֶלָּאexceptבִּשְׁעַתat the time ofהַבָּצִיר,the vintageבִּזְמַןat the timeשֶׁאַתָּהthat youנוֹתֵןputלְכֶלְיוֹinto the vessel ofשֶׁלofבַּעַלthe owner ofהַבַּיִתthe houseספרי;SifreiבבאBavaמציעאMetziaפ"טchapter 9,אֲבָלbutאִםifבָּאhe comesלַעֲדֹרto hoeוּלְקַשְׁקֵשׁand to weedאֵינוֹhe does notאוֹכֵלeatשםthereפ"זchapter 7:
פָּסוּק ב
Pasuk 2
כִּיWhenתָבֹאyou comeבְּקָמַתinto the standing grain ofרֵעֶךָyour fellowוְקָטַפְתָּand you may pluckמְלִילֹתearsבְּיָדֶךָwith your handוְחֶרְמֵשׁbut a sickleלֹאyou shall notתָנִיףliftעַלuponקָמַתthe standing grain ofרֵעֶךָ׃your fellow
רַשִׁ״י
כיWhenתבאyou comeבקמתinto the standing corn ofרעך.your fellowאַףevenזוֹthisבְּפוֹעֵלregarding a laborerהַכָּתוּבthe verseמְדַבֵּר:speaks
פָּסוּק ג
Pasuk 3
כִּיWhenיִקַּחtakesאִישׁa manאִשָּׁהa womanוּבְעָלָהּand marries herוְהָיָהand it shall beאִםifלֹאnotתִמְצָאshe findsחֵןfavorבְּעֵינָיוin his eyesכִּיbecauseמָצָאhe foundבָהּin herעֶרְוַתa matter ofדָּבָרimmoralityוְכָתַבand he writesלָהּfor herסֵפֶרa document ofכְּרִיתֻתseveranceוְנָתַןand placesבְּיָדָהּin her handוְשִׁלְּחָהּand it shall beמִבֵּיתוֹ׃and sends her
רַשִׁ״י
כיBecauseמצאhe foundבהin herערותunseemliness ofדבר.a matterמִצְוָהit is a mitzvahעָלָיוupon himלְגָרְשָׁהּ,to divorce herשֶׁלֹּאso that notתִמְצָאshe should findחֵןfavorבְּעֵינָיוin his eyesגיט'Gittinצ'90:
פָּסוּק ד
Pasuk 4
וְיָצְאָהand she leavesמִבֵּיתוֹfrom his houseוְהָלְכָהand she goesוְהָיְתָהand she becomesלְאִישׁto a manאַחֵר׃another
רַשִׁ״י
לאישTo anotherאחר.manאֵיןis notזֶהthis oneבֶּןthe partnerזוּגוֹof his pairשֶׁלofרִאשׁוֹן,the firstהוּאheהוֹצִיאhe sent outרְשָׁעָהa wicked womanמִתּוֹךְfrom the midst ofבֵּיתוֹhis houseוְזֶהand this oneהִכְנִיסָהּbrought her inשםthere:
פָּסוּק ה
Pasuk 5
וּשְׂנֵאָהּand hates herהָאִישׁthe manהָאַחֲרוֹןthe latterוְכָתַבand writesלָהּfor herסֵפֶרa billכְּרִיתֻתof divorceוְנָתַןand placesבְּיָדָהּin her handוְשִׁלְּחָהּand sends herמִבֵּיתוֹfrom his houseאוֹorכִיifיָמוּתdiesהָאִישׁthe manהָאַחֲרוֹןthe latterאֲשֶׁרwhoלְקָחָהּtook herלוֹto himselfלְאִשָּׁה׃for a wife
רַשִׁ״י
ושנאהAnd should hate herהאישthe manהאחרון.the latterהַכָּתוּבthe Scriptureמְבַשְּׂרוֹforetells himשֶׁסּוֹפוֹthat his endלִשְׂנֹאתָהּ,is to hate herוְאִםand ifלָאוnotקוֹבַרְתּוֹ,she buries himשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is saidאוorכיifימותshould dieספריSifrei:
פָּסוּק ו
Pasuk 6
לֹאnotיוּכַלwill be ableבַּעְלָהּher husbandהָרִאשׁוֹןthe firstאֲשֶׁרwhoשִׁלְּחָהּsent her awayלָשׁוּבto returnלְקַחְתָּהּto take herלִהְיוֹתto beלוֹto himלְאִשָּׁהfor a wifeאַחֲרֵיafterאֲשֶׁרthatהֻטַּמָּאָהshe was defiledכִּיforתוֹעֵבָהan abominationהִואit isלִפְנֵיbeforeיְהוָהHashemוְלֹאand you shall notתַחֲטִיאbring sin uponאֶתהָאָרֶץthe landאֲשֶׁרwhichיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godנֹתֵןis givingלְךָto youנַחֲלָה׃as an inheritance
רַשִׁ״י
אחריAfterאשרthatהטמאה.she is defiledלְרַבּוֹתto includeסוֹטָהa sotahשֶׁנִּסְתְּרָהwho secluded herselfספרי;SifreiיבמותYevamosי"אeleven:
Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם

The aliyah begins with the halachos of a worker eating from a vineyard or standing grain while on the job, permitting him to eat until he is full but forbidding him from putting any into his own vessels or using a sickle. The Torah then transitions to the halachos of marriage and divorce, teaching that if a man divorces his wife, and she goes and marries another man who subsequently divorces her or dies, the first husband is strictly forbidden from marrying her again.

לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home

The Torah is teaching us a tremendous yesod here about boundaries and self-control. When a worker is in his neighbor's vineyard, the Torah gives him permission to eat from the grapes to his heart's content. Lichoira, you are standing in someone else's property, eating their hard-earned produce, and the Torah says it is completely muttar. But right away, the Torah sets a hard boundary: "but you must not put any in your vessel." You can eat to satisfy your hunger in the moment, but the second you start packing it away for later, you have crossed the line from eating what is permitted into actual stealing.

This is the delicate balance of a Yid's avodah. Hashem does not demand that we completely abstain from the world or starve ourselves. He allows us, and even wants us, to enjoy the muttar. But the yetzer hara is always waiting to push us just one step too far. It whispers to us that if a little bit is muttar and good, then taking more, storing it up, and indulging beyond our immediate need must also be fine. The Torah is setting a clear geder: enjoy what is permitted, but know exactly where the boundary lies and stop right there.

We see this same concept of boundaries in the parsha of divorce. Even when a marriage unfortunately ends and a woman is permitted to remarry, the Torah still places a strict boundary: if she marries a second husband and that marriage ends, the first husband can never take her back. There are limits and structures to everything in life. Without these boundaries, the world becomes chaotic and, as the pasuk says, we bring sin upon the land. True holiness is not about running away from the world, but about living within the boundaries that Hashem set for us.

Today, when you find yourself enjoying something muttar, whether it is a good meal, a comfortable physical pleasure, or even just a kosher outlet, take a moment to pause before you overindulge. Make a conscious decision to stop at the boundary, showing Hashem that you control your desires, rather than letting your desires control you.

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י — כי תצא · חֲמִישִׁי