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חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · PARSHAS HASHAVUAחוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · PARSHAS HASHAVUA

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · כי תצא · שִׁשִּׁי

Complete Word-for-Word Interlinear · Navy & Gold Edition
Ki Teitzei · 6th Aliyah
Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה

In this aliyah, the Torah continues to lay down various mitzvos that govern our daily lives, focusing on the sensitivity we must show to our fellow Yidden. We begin with the special halacha of a newly married man, who is exempt from going out to the army for his first year of marriage so that he can bring simcha to his new wife. The Torah then transitions to several prohibitions that protect a person's livelihood and personal safety, including the prohibition against taking essential food-preparation utensils as a pledge, and the severe capital offense of kidnapping a fellow Yid.

All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.
פָּסוּק א
Pasuk 1
כִּיWhenיִקַּחtakesאִישׁa manאִשָּׁהa wifeחֲדָשָׁהnewלֹאnotיֵצֵאshall he go outבַּצָּבָאin the armyוְלֹאand notיַעֲבֹרshall passעָלָיוupon himלְכָלfor anyדָּבָרmatterנָקִיfreeיִהְיֶהhe shall beלְבֵיתוֹfor his homeשָׁנָהyearאֶחָתoneוְשִׂמַּחand he shall gladdenאֶתאִשְׁתּוֹhis wifeאֲשֶׁרwhomלָקָח׃he has taken
רַשִׁ״י
אשהA wifeחדשה.newשֶׁהִיאwho she isחֲדָשָׁהnewלוֹto himוַאֲפִלּוּand evenאַלְמָנָה,a widowפְּרָטexcludingלְמַחֲזִירone who returnsגְּרוּשָׁתוֹhis divorceeספרי;SifreiסוטהSotahמ"ד44a:
רַשִׁ״י
ולאand notיעבורshall passעליו.upon himדְּבַרany matter ofהַצָּבָא:the army
רַשִׁ״י
לכלFor everyדברmatterשֶׁהוּאthat isצֹרֶךְa need ofהַצָּבָא,the armyלֹאnotלְסַפֵּקto supplyמַיִםwaterוּמָזוֹןand foodוְלֹאand notלְתַקֵּןto repairהַדְּרָכִים,the roadsאֲבָלbutהַחוֹזְרִיםthose who returnמֵעוֹרְכֵיfrom the ranks ofהַמִּלְחָמָהthe warעַלbyפִּיthe word ofכֹהֵן,a Kohenכְּגוֹןsuch asבָּנָהone who builtבַיִתa houseוְלֹאand did notחֲנָכוֹdedicate itאוֹorאֵרַשׂbetrothedאִשָּׁהa womanוְלֹאand did notלְקָחָהּ,take herמַסְפִּיקִיןthey supplyמַיִםwaterוּמָזוֹןand foodוּמְתַקְּנִיןand they repairאֶתהַדְּרָכִיםthe roadsשםthere:
רַשִׁ״י
יהיהhe shall beלביתו.for his houseאַףevenבִּשְׁבִילon account ofבֵּיתוֹ,his houseאִםifבָּנָהhe builtבַיִתa houseוַחֲנָכוֹand dedicated itוְאִםand ifנָטַעhe plantedכֶּרֶםa vineyardוְחִלְּלוֹand redeemed itאֵינוֹhe does notזָזmoveמִבֵּיתוֹfrom his houseבִּשְׁבִילforצָרְכֵיthe needs ofהַמִּלְחָמָה:the war
רַשִׁ״י
יהיה.He shall beלְרַבּוֹתto includeאֶתכַּרְמוֹ:his vineyard
רַשִׁ״י
לביתו.To his houseזֶהthis isבֵיתוֹ:his house
רַשִׁ״י
ושמח.and he shall gladdenיְשַׂמֵּחַhe shall gladdenאֶתאִשְׁתּוֹ,his wifeוְתַרְגּוּמוֹand its Targum"וְיַחְדֵיand he shall gladdenיָתאִתְּתֵהּ",his wifeוְהַמְתַרְגֵּםand the one who translatesוְיֶחְדֵּיand he shall rejoiceעִםwithאִתְּתֵהּhis wifeטוֹעֶהerrsהוּא,heשֶׁאֵיןfor this is notזֶהthisתַּרְגּוּםthe Targumשֶׁלofוְשִׂמַּחand he shall gladdenאֶלָּאbut ratherשֶׁלofוְשָׂמַח:and he shall rejoice
פָּסוּק ב
Pasuk 2
לֹאNotיַחֲבֹלshall one take in pawnרֵחַיִםa lower millstoneוָרָכֶבor an upper millstoneכִּיforנֶפֶשׁa lifeהוּאheחֹבֵל׃takes in pawn
רַשִׁ״י
לאnotיחבל.shall take as pledgeאִםifבָּאone comesלְמַשְׁכְּנוֹto take his pledgeעַלforחוֹבוֹhis debtבְּבֵיתin a house ofדִּין,lawלֹאhe shall notיְמַשְׁכְּנֶנּוּtake as pledge from himבִּדְבָרִיםwith itemsשֶׁעוֹשִׂיםthat they makeבָּהֶןwith themאֹכֶלfoodנֶפֶשׁsustenanceב"מBava Metziaקי"ג113:
רַשִׁ״י
רחים.millstoneהִיאisהַתַּחְתּוֹנָה:the lower
רַשִׁ״י
ורכב.And rechevהִיאit isהָעֶלְיוֹנָה:the upper millstone
פָּסוּק ג
Pasuk 3
כִּיIfיִמָּצֵאthere is foundאִישׁa manגֹּנֵבkidnappingנֶפֶשׁa personמֵאֶחָיוfrom his brothersמִבְּנֵיfrom the children ofיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelוְהִתְעַמֶּרand he enslavesבּוֹhimוּמְכָרוֹand sells himוּמֵתthen shall dieהַגַּנָּבthe kidnapperהַהוּאthatוּבִעַרְתָּand you shall sweep outהָרָעthe evilמִקִּרְבֶּךָ׃from your midst
רַשִׁ״י
כיIfימצא.he be foundבְּעֵדִיםby witnessesוְהַתְרָאָה,and warningוְכֵןand soכָּלevery"יִמָּצֵא"be foundשֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה:that is in the Torah
רַשִׁ״י
והתעמרAnd treats him as a slaveבו.himאֵינוֹhe is notחַיָּבliableעַדuntilשֶׁיִּשְׁתַּמֵּשׁthat he usesבּוֹ:him
פָּסוּק ד
Pasuk 4
הִשָּׁמֶרGuard yourselfבְּנֶגַעin the plague ofהַצָּרַעַתtzaraasלִשְׁמֹרto watchמְאֹדvery muchוְלַעֲשׂוֹתand to doכְּכֹלaccording to allאֲשֶׁרthatיוֹרוּthey shall instructאֶתְכֶםyouהַכֹּהֲנִיםthe Kohanimהַלְוִיִּםthe Leviimכַּאֲשֶׁרjust asצִוִּיתִםI commanded themתִּשְׁמְרוּyou shall watchלַעֲשׂוֹת׃to do
רַשִׁ״י
השמרTake heedבנגעin the affliction ofהצרעת.leprosyשֶׁלֹּאthat you do notתִתְלֹשׁpluck outסִימָנֵיthe symptoms ofטֻמְאָהtumahוְלֹאand notתָקֹץcut outאֶתהַבַּהֶרֶתthe bright spotמכותMakkotכ"ב22a:
רַשִׁ״י
ככלAccording to allאשרthatיורוthey shall teachאתכם.youאִםwhetherלְהַסְגִּירto quarantineאִםwhetherלְהַחֲלִיטto declare uncleanאִםwhetherלְטַהֵר:to declare clean
פָּסוּק ה
Pasuk 5
זָכוֹרRememberאֵתאֲשֶׁרwhatעָשָׂהdidיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godלְמִרְיָםto Miriamבַּדֶּרֶךְon the wayבְּצֵאתְכֶםwhen you leftמִמִּצְרָיִם׃from Mitzrayim
רַשִׁ״י
זכורRememberאתאשרwhatעשהdidה'Hashemאלהיךyour Godלמרים.to Miriamאִםifבָּאתָyou comeלְהִזָּהֵרto be carefulשֶׁלֹּאthat notתִלְקֶהyou be strickenבְּצָרַעַתwith tzaraasאַלdo notתְּסַפֵּרspeakלָשׁוֹןlashonהָרָע,haraזְכֹרrememberהֶעָשׂוּיthat which was doneלְמִרְיָםto Miriamשֶׁדִּבְּרָהwho spokeבְאָחִיהָagainst her brotherוְלָקְתָהand was strickenבִנְגָעִיםwith plaguesעי'seeספריSifrei:
פָּסוּק ו
Pasuk 6
כִּיWhenתַשֶּׁהyou lendבְרֵעֲךָto your fellowמַשַּׁאתa debt ofמְאוּמָהanythingלֹאyou shall notתָבֹאenterאֶלintoבֵּיתוֹhis houseלַעֲבֹטto takeעֲבֹטוֹ׃his pledge
רַשִׁ״י
כיWhenתשהyou lendברעך.to your fellowתָחֹבyou claim a debtבַּחֲבֵרְךָ:against your fellow
רַשִׁ״י
משאתa debt ofמאומה.anythingחוֹבa debtשֶׁלofכְּלוּם:anything
פָּסוּק ז
Pasuk 7
בַּחוּץon the outsideתַּעֲמֹדyou shall standוְהָאִישׁand the manאֲשֶׁרwhomאַתָּהyouנֹשֶׁהare creditorבוֹto himיוֹצִיאshall bring outאֵלֶיךָto youאֶתהַעֲבוֹטthe pledgeהַחוּצָה׃outside
פָּסוּק ח
Pasuk 8
וְאִםand ifאִישׁa manעָנִיpoorהוּאhe isלֹאyou shall notתִשְׁכַּבgo to sleepבַּעֲבֹטוֹ׃with his pledge
רַשִׁ״י
לאnotתשכבyou shall sleepבעבטו.in his pledgeלֹאnotתִשְׁכַּבyou shall sleepוַעֲבוֹטוֹand his pledgeאֶצְלְךָis with youספרי;SifreiבבאBavaמציעאMetziaקי"ד114:
פָּסוּק ט
Pasuk 9
הָשֵׁבreturnתָּשִׁיבyou shall returnלוֹto himאֶתהַעֲבוֹטthe pledgeכְּבֹאas comesהַשֶּׁמֶשׁthe sunוְשָׁכַבand he will sleepבְּשַׂלְמָתוֹin his garmentוּבֵרֲכֶךָּand he will bless youוּלְךָand for youתִּהְיֶהit will beצְדָקָהrighteousnessלִפְנֵיbeforeיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָ׃your God
רַשִׁ״י
כבואWhen the going down ofהשמש.the sunאִםifכְּסוּתa garment ofלַיְלָהnightהוּא,it isוְאִםand ifכְּסוּתa garment ofיוֹםdayהַחֲזִירֵהוּrestore itבַבֹּקֶר,in the morningוּכְבָרand alreadyכָּתוּבit is writtenבִּוְאֵלֶּהin And these areהַמִּשְׁפָּטִיםthe ordinancesכ"ב22"עַדuntilבֹּאthe going down ofהַשֶּׁמֶשׁthe sunתְּשִׁיבֶנּוּyou shall restore itלוֹ"to himכָּלallהַיּוֹםthe dayתְּשִׁיבֶנּוּyou shall restore itלוֹ,to himוּכְבֹאand when the going down ofהַשֶּׁמֶשׁthe sunתִּקָּחֶנּוּ:you may take it
רַשִׁ״י
וברכך.and He will bless theeוְאִםand even ifאֵינוֹhe does notמְבָרֶכְךָ,bless theeמִכָּלin anyמָקוֹםcaseולךand to theeתהיהit shall beצדקהrighteousnessספריSifrei:
Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם

This aliyah covers a wide range of practical mitzvos and halachos. First, a newlywed husband is exempt from military service for one year to gladden his wife. Next, the Torah prohibits taking a hand mill or upper millstone as a pawn, as this deprives a person of their livelihood. We then learn the severe prohibition against kidnapping and selling a fellow Israelite. The Torah also warns us to be extremely careful regarding the laws of tzaraas, instructing us to follow the Kohanim and to remember what Hashem did to Miriam. Finally, the aliyah details the sensitive halachos of collecting a loan pledge, forbidding the lender from entering the debtor's home to seize it, and commanding the lender to return a needy person's pledge before sunset so they can sleep in comfort.

לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home

The Torah is teaching us a tremendous yesod in how we must treat another Yid, especially when we hold power over them. The Torah is talking about a lender who is owed money. Lichoira, the money is his, the borrower is in debt to him, and the lender has every right to get his security. Yet, the Torah says, "Bachutz ta'amod", you must stand outside. You are not allowed to just barge into his house, his private domain, and take his pledge. Even when someone owes you, you must respect his dignity and his space.

This is a major chiddush in middos and avodas Hashem. It is so easy to feel that because someone is in our debt, or because we are in a position of authority over them, whether it is a child, an employee, or a spouse, that we own them and can walk right into their personal boundaries. The Torah is telling us: absolutely not. Even when you are 100 percent in the right, you must stand outside. You must leave them their self-respect.

Think about how this applies in our daily lives. When we need to ask for something, or when we are demanding what is rightfully ours, we must not do it in a way that tramples on the other person's feelings or invades their dignity. We have to learn to "stand outside" and wait, giving them the space to respond with honor.

Today, when you have to ask someone for something they owe you, or when you need to correct someone over whom you have authority, pause before you speak. Do not barge into their emotional space. Take a step back, "stand outside," and make sure you are preserving their dignity.

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י — כי תצא · שִׁשִּׁי