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Sukkot I · 7th Aliyah
Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה

In this aliyah, Hashem commands Moshe Rabbeinu regarding the holy festival of Sukkos, which begins on the fifteenth day of the seventh month (Tishrei). The Torah establishes Sukkos as a seven-day Yom Tov, starting with a day of Mikra Kodesh on which melacha is forbidden, and followed by the bringing of daily Korbanos. We are also introduced to Shemini Atzeres on the eighth day, which is likewise designated as a holy convocation where melacha is prohibited.

The aliyah goes on to detail the special mitzvos of the Chag, including the taking of the Arba Minim—the Esrog, Lulav, Hadasim, and Aravos—to rejoice before Hashem, and the essential mitzvah of dwelling in the Sukkah for seven days. This serves as a constant remembrance of how Hashem housed Bnei Yisrael in Sukkos when He redeemed them from Mitzrayim.

All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.
פָּסוּק א
Pasuk 1
וַיְדַבֵּרAnd spokeיְהוָהHashemאֶלtoמֹשֶׁהMosheלֵּאמֹר׃saying
פָּסוּק ב
Pasuk 2
דַּבֵּרSpeakאֶלtoבְּנֵיthe children ofיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelלֵאמֹרsayingבַּחֲמִשָּׁהon the fifteenthעָשָׂר·יוֹםdayלַחֹדֶשׁof the monthהַשְּׁבִיעִיthe seventhהַזֶּהthisחַגthe festival ofהַסֻּכּוֹתthe Sukkosשִׁבְעַתsevenיָמִיםdaysלַיהֹוָה׃to Hashem
פָּסוּק ג
Pasuk 3
בַּיּוֹםOn the dayהָרִאשׁוֹןfirstמִקְרָאa calling ofקֹדֶשׁholinessכָּלanyמְלֶאכֶתwork ofעֲבֹדָהlaborלֹאnotתַעֲשׂוּ׃you shall do
רַשִׁ״י
מקראA calling ofקדשׁ.holinessקַדְּשֵׁהוּsanctify itבִכְסוּתwith clothingנְקִיָּהcleanוּבִתְפִלָּה,and with prayerוּבִשְׁאָרand on otherיָמִיםdaysטוֹבִיםgoodבְּמַאֲכָלwith foodוּבְמִשְׁתֶּהand with drinkוּבִכְסוּתand with clothingנְקִיָּהcleanוּבִתְפִלָּהand with prayerעי'seeספראSifra:
פָּסוּק ד
Pasuk 4
שִׁבְעַתsevenיָמִיםdaysתַּקְרִיבוּyou shall bringאִשֶּׁהa fire-offeringלַיהוָהto Hashemבַּיּוֹםon the dayהַשְּׁמִינִיthe eighthמִקְרָאa convocation ofקֹדֶשׁholinessיִהְיֶהshall beלָכֶםfor youוְהִקְרַבְתֶּםand you shall bringאִשֶּׁהa fire-offeringלַיהוָהto Hashemעֲצֶרֶתa restrictionהִואit isכָּלanyמְלֶאכֶתwork ofעֲבֹדָהlaborלֹאnotתַעֲשׂוּ׃you shall do
רַשִׁ״י
עצרתA gatheringהוא.it isעָצַרְתִּיI held backאֶתְכֶםyouאֶצְלִי;with Meכְּמֶלֶךְlike a kingשֶׁזִּמֵּןwho invitedאֶתבָּנָיוhis childrenלִסְעוּדָהto a feastלְכָךְfor suchוְכָךְand suchיָמִים,daysכֵּיוָןonceשֶׁהִגִּיעַthat arrivedזְמַנָּןtheir timeלִפָּטֵר,to departאָמַר,he saidבָּנַיmy childrenבְּבַקָּשָׁהpleaseמִכֶּםfrom youעַכְּבוּstayעִמִּיwith meעוֹדmoreיוֹםdayאֶחָד,oneקָשָׁהdifficultעָלַיupon meפְּרֵדַתְכֶם:your parting
רַשִׁ״י
כלAnyמלאכתwork ofעבדה.laborאֲפִלּוּevenמְלָאכָהmelachaשֶׁהִיאthat isעֲבוֹדָהan obligationלָכֶם,upon youשֶׁאִםthat ifלֹאnotתַעֲשׂוּהָyou do itיֵשׁthere isחֶסְרוֹןa loss ofכִּיסmoneyבַּדָּבָר.in the matter
רַשִׁ״י
לאnotתעשו.you shall doיָכוֹלone might thinkאַףevenחֻלּוֹthe weekday ofשֶׁל·מוֹעֵדthe Festivalיְהֵאshould beאָסוּרforbiddenבִּמְלֶאכֶתin work ofעֲבוֹדָה,laborתַּ"לֹthe Torah teaches"הִוא""it is"שםthere:
פָּסוּק ה
Pasuk 5
אֵלֶּהThese areמוֹעֲדֵיthe appointed times ofיְהוָהHashemאֲשֶׁרwhichתִּקְרְאוּyou shall proclaimאֹתָםthemמִקְרָאֵיcallings ofקֹדֶשׁholinessלְהַקְרִיבto bringאִשֶּׁהa fire-offeringלַיהוָהto Hashemעֹלָהan olah-offeringוּמִנְחָהand a meal-offeringזֶבַחa peace-offeringוּנְסָכִיםand libationsדְּבַרthe matter ofיוֹםa dayבְּיוֹמוֹ׃on its day
רַשִׁ״י
עלהA burnt offeringומנחה.and a meal offeringמִנְחַתthe meal offering ofנְסָכִיםdrink offeringsהַקְּרֵבָהthat is broughtעִםwithהָעוֹלָה:the burnt offering
רַשִׁ״י
דברthe matter ofיוםa dayביומו.on its dayחֹקthe portionהַקָּצוּבthat is designatedבְּחֻמַּשׁin the Chumash ofהַפְּקוּדִים:Numbers
רַשִׁ״י
דברthe matter ofיוםa dayביומו.on its dayהָאbeholdאִםifעָבַרpassedיוֹמוֹits dayבָּטֵלis voidedקָרְבָּנוֹits offeringעי'seeספראSifra:
פָּסוּק ו
Pasuk 6
מִלְּבַדapart fromשַׁבְּתֹתthe Shabboses ofיְּהוָהHashemוּמִלְּבַדand apart fromמַתְּנוֹתֵיכֶםyour giftsוּמִלְּבַדand apart fromכָּלall ofנִדְרֵיכֶםyour vowsוּמִלְּבַדand apart fromכָּלall ofנִדְבוֹתֵיכֶםyour freewill offeringsאֲשֶׁרthatתִּתְּנוּyou shall giveלַיהוָה׃to Hashem
פָּסוּק ז
Pasuk 7
אַךְButבַּחֲמִשָּׁהon the fifteenthעָשָׂר·יוֹםdayלַחֹדֶשׁof the monthהַשְּׁבִיעִיthe seventhבְּאָסְפְּכֶםwhen you gatherאֶתתְּבוּאַתthe crop ofהָאָרֶץthe landתָּחֹגּוּyou shall celebrateאֶתחַגthe festival ofיְהוָהHashemשִׁבְעַתsevenיָמִיםdaysבַּיּוֹםon the dayהָרִאשׁוֹןthe firstשַׁבָּתוֹןa rest dayוּבַיּוֹםand on the dayהַשְּׁמִינִיthe eighthשַׁבָּתוֹן׃a rest day
רַשִׁ״י
אךButבחמשהon the fifteenthעשר·יום,dayתחגו.you shall celebrateקָרְבַּןa sacrifice ofשְׁלָמִיםpeace-offeringsלַחֲגִיגָה,for the Chagigahיָכוֹלone might thinkתִּדְחֶהit should supersedeאֶתהַשַּׁבָּת,the Shabbosתַּ"לֹthe Torah teachesאַךְ,butהוֹאִילsinceוְיֵשׁand there isלָהּfor itתַּשְׁלוּמִיןmakeup opportunityכָּלallשִׁבְעָה:seven days
רַשִׁ״י
באספכםwhen you gatherאתתבואתthe produce ofהארץ.the landשֶׁיְּהֵאthat should beחֹדֶשׁmonthשְׁבִיעִיseventhזֶהthisבָּאcomingבִּזְמַןat the time ofאֲסִיפָה,ingatheringמִכָּאןfrom hereשֶׁנִּצְטַוּוּthat they were commandedלְעַבֵּרto intercalateאֶתהַשָּׁנִים,the yearsשֶׁאִםfor ifאֵיןthere is noהָעִבּוּר,intercalationפְּעָמִיםsometimesשֶׁהוּאthat itבְאֶמְצַעin the middle ofהַקַּיִץthe summerאוֹorהַחֹרֶף:the winter
רַשִׁ״י
תחגו.ye shall celebrateשַׁלְמֵיthe peace-offerings ofחֲגִיגָה:the festival-sacrifice
רַשִׁ״י
שבעתSevenימים.daysאִםifלֹאnotהֵבִיאhe broughtבָזֶה,on thisיָבִיאhe may bringבָזֶה,on thisיָכוֹלI might thinkיְהֵאhe shouldמְבִיאָןbring themכָּלallשִׁבְעָה,sevenתַּלְמוּדthe teachingלוֹמַרsaysוחגתםand you shall celebrateאתו— itיוֹםdayאֶחָדoneבְּמַשְׁמָעis impliedוְלֹאand notיוֹתֵר,moreוְלָמָּהand whyנֶאֱמַרis it saidשִׁבְעָה?sevenלְתַשְׁלוּמִיןfor makeup paymentsחגיגהChagigahט'9a:
פָּסוּק ח
Pasuk 8
וּלְקַחְתֶּםAnd you shall takeלָכֶםfor yourselvesבַּיּוֹםon the dayהָרִאשׁוֹןthe firstפְּרִיthe fruit ofעֵץa treeהָדָרbeautifulכַּפֹּתbranches ofתְּמָרִיםdate palmsוַעֲנַףand boughs ofעֵץa treeעָבֹתthickוְעַרְבֵיand willows ofנָחַלa brookוּשְׂמַחְתֶּםand you shall rejoiceלִפְנֵיbeforeיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵיכֶםyour Godשִׁבְעַתsevenיָמִים׃days
רַשִׁ״י
פריfruit ofעץthe tree ofהדר.hadarעֵץa treeשֶׁטַּעַםthat the taste ofעֵצוֹits woodוּפִרְיוֹand its fruitשָׁוֶהare equalסכהSukkahל"ה35:
רַשִׁ״י
הדר.Hadarהַדָּרthat dwellsבְּאִילָנוֹon its treeמִשָּׁנָהfrom yearלְשָׁנָה,to yearוְזֶהוּand this isאֶתְרוֹגan esrogשםthere:
רַשִׁ״י
כפתbranches ofתמרים.palm treesחָסֵרis missingוי"ו,the letter vavלִמֵּדto teachשֶׁאֵינָהּthat it is notאֶלָּאbutאַחַת:one
רַשִׁ״י
וענףAnd boughs ofעץthe tree ofעבת.plaitednessשֶׁעֲנָפָיוwhose branchesקְלוּעִיםare plaitedכַּעֲבוֹתוֹתlike ropesוְכַחֲבָלִים,and like cordsוְזֶהוּand this isהֲדַס,the myrtleהֶעָשׂוּיwhich is madeכְּמִיןlike a type ofקְלִיעָהplaitשםthereל"ב32:
פָּסוּק ט
Pasuk 9
וְחַגֹּתֶםAnd you shall celebrateאֹתוֹitחַגas a festivalלַיהוָהto Hashemשִׁבְעַתsevenיָמִיםdaysבַּשָּׁנָהin the yearחֻקַּתa statuteעוֹלָםeternalלְדֹרֹתֵיכֶםfor your generationsבַּחֹדֶשׁin the monthהַשְּׁבִיעִיthe seventhתָּחֹגּוּyou shall celebrateאֹתוֹ׃it
פָּסוּק י
Pasuk 10
בַּסֻּכֹּתin boothsתֵּשְׁבוּyou shall dwellשִׁבְעַתseven ofיָמִיםdaysכָּלeveryהָאֶזְרָחcitizenבְּיִשְׂרָאֵלin Yisraelיֵשְׁבוּshall dwellבַּסֻּכֹּת׃in booths
רַשִׁ״י
האזרח.The nativeזֶהthis isאֶזְרָח,a native-bornבישראלin Israelלְרַבּוֹתto includeאֶתהַגֵּרִיםthe proselytesספראSifra:
פָּסוּק יא
Pasuk 11
לְמַעַןso thatיֵדְעוּwill knowדֹרֹתֵיכֶםyour generationsכִּיthatבַסֻּכּוֹתin boothsהוֹשַׁבְתִּיI caused to dwellאֶתבְּנֵיthe children ofיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelבְּהוֹצִיאִיwhen I brought outאוֹתָםthemמֵאֶרֶץfrom the land ofמִצְרָיִםMitzrayimאֲנִיI amיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵיכֶם׃your God
רַשִׁ״י
כיthatבסכותin boothsהושבתי.I made dwellעַנְנֵיclouds ofכָבוֹדgloryשם;thereמכילתאMekhiltaי"ב12:
פָּסוּק יב
Pasuk 12
וַיְדַבֵּרAnd spokeמֹשֶׁהMosheאֶתמֹעֲדֵיthe appointed seasons ofיְהוָהHashemאֶלtoבְּנֵיthe children ofיִשְׂרָאֵל׃Yisrael
Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם

The aliyah outlines the halachos of Sukkos and Shemini Atzeres, beginning with the prohibition of melacha on the first and eighth days and the obligation of bringing daily fire-offerings. It emphasizes that these special days are celebrated in addition to the weekly Shabbosos and the personal voluntary offerings brought by Bnei Yisrael. The Torah then commands the gathering of the Arba Minim on the first day of the Chag, the dwelling in the Sukkah for seven days to remember the Exodus from Mitzrayim, and concludes with Moshe Rabbeinu declaring these appointed festivals of Hashem to the Jewish people.

לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home

The Torah is mechadesh a beautiful yesod here regarding the mitzvah of Sukkah. The pasuk says, "L'ma'an yeidu doroseichem", so that your generations will know that I made Bnei Yisrael dwell in sukkos when I took them out of Mitzrayim. Lichoira, we have to ask: why does the Torah make the physical dwelling in a temporary hut the central way we remember the Exodus? Why not just have a day of learning or a special tefillah to remember the miracles?

The answer is that in Yiddishkeit, emunah is not just an intellectual concept that stays in the mind. The Tanna is teaching us that to truly "know" and feel Hashem's protection, we have to physically move our lives into it. We leave our sturdy, secure homes and go out into a flimsy sukkah, exposed to the elements, relying entirely on Hashem's shechinah. By physically sitting in the sukkah, eating there, and sleeping there, the emunah penetrates our very bones. Mimeila, we realize that our regular houses aren't what protect us either; it is only Hashem.

This is our avodah not just on Sukkos, but every single day. We often try to build perfect walls of security around ourselves through our jobs, our savings, and our plans, forgetting who is really running the world. The sugya is telling us to bring that "sukkah-mindset" into our daily lives. We must do our normal hishtadlus, but we have to live with the tangible feeling that we are always sitting under the protective shadow of Hashem.

Today, when you feel anxious about your parnassah, your health, or your schedule, take a deep breath and picture yourself sitting under the s'chach of Hashem's protection. Remind yourself: "I am safe because Hashem is holding me, not because my walls are strong."

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י — סוכות חג ראשון · שְׁבִיעִי