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חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · PARSHAS HASHAVUAחוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · PARSHAS HASHAVUA

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Complete Word-for-Word Interlinear · Navy & Gold Edition
Sukkot I · 6th Aliyah
Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה

In this aliyah, Hashem commands Moshe Rabbeinu regarding the kedushah and halachos of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, the holy days of the seventh month, Tishrei. The Torah first introduces the mitzvah of Rosh Hashanah on the first of the month, calling it a day of complete rest and a zichron teruah, which we commemorate with the blowing of the shofar, alongside the prohibition of doing melacha and the obligation to bring the special korbanos of the day.

The aliyah then moves into the severe and holy day of Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, on the tenth of Tishrei. Hashem commands us to afflict our nefashos through fasting and to refrain from any manner of melacha, emphasizing the immense gravity of the day and the spiritual consequences for anyone who does not treat it with the proper awe.

All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.
פָּסוּק א
Pasuk 1
וַיְדַבֵּרAnd spokeיְהוָהHashemאֶלtoמֹשֶׁהMosheלֵּאמֹר׃saying
פָּסוּק ב
Pasuk 2
דַּבֵּרSpeakאֶלtoבְּנֵיthe children ofיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelלֵאמֹרsayingבַּחֹדֶשׁin the monthהַשְּׁבִיעִיthe seventhבְּאֶחָדon the firstלַחֹדֶשׁof the monthיִהְיֶהthere shall beלָכֶםfor youשַׁבָּתוֹןa day of restזִכְרוֹןa remembrance ofתְּרוּעָהshofar blastsמִקְרָאa convocation ofקֹדֶשׁ׃holiness
רַשִׁ״י
זכרוןA remembranceתרועה.of soundingזִכְרוֹןa mention ofפְּסוּקֵיverses ofזִכְרוֹנוֹתRemembrancesוּפְסוּקֵיand verses ofשׁוֹפָרוֹתShofarsספרא:SifraראשRoshהשנהHashanahל"ב32לִזְכֹּרto recallלָכֶםfor youעֲקֵדַתthe binding ofיִצְחָקYitzchakשֶׁקָּרַבwho was offeredתַּחְתָּיוin his steadאַיִל:a ram
פָּסוּק ג
Pasuk 3
כָּלanyמְלֶאכֶתwork ofעֲבֹדָהlaborלֹאnotתַעֲשׂוּyou shall doוְהִקְרַבְתֶּםand you shall bringאִשֶּׁהa fire-offeringלַיהוָה׃to Hashem
רַשִׁ״י
והקרבתםAnd you shall offerאשה.a fire offeringהַמּוּסָפִיןthe additional offeringsהָאֲמוּרִיןthat are statedבְּחֻמַּשׁin the Chumash ofהַפְּקוּדִים:the Census
פָּסוּק ד
Pasuk 4
וַיְדַבֵּרAnd spokeיְהוָהHashemאֶלtoמֹשֶׁהMosheלֵּאמֹר׃saying
פָּסוּק ה
Pasuk 5
אַךְButבֶּעָשׂוֹרon the tenthלַחֹדֶשׁof the monthהַשְּׁבִיעִיthe seventhהַזֶּהthisיוֹםthe Day ofהַכִּפֻּרִיםAtonementהוּאitמִקְרָאa calling ofקֹדֶשׁholinessיִהְיֶהshall beלָכֶםfor youוְעִנִּיתֶםand you shall afflictאֶתנַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶםyour soulsוְהִקְרַבְתֶּםand you shall bringאִשֶּׁהa fire offeringלַיהוָה׃to Hashem
רַשִׁ״י
אך.Butכָּלallאַכִיןthe words achוְרַקִּיןand the words rakשֶׁבַּתּוֹרָהthat are in the Torahמִעוּטִיםare exclusionsמְכַפֵּרit atonesהוּאitלַשָּׁבִיםfor those who repentוְאֵינוֹand it does notמְכַפֵּרatoneעַלforשֶׁאֵינָםthose who are notשָׁבִיםrepentingספראSifra:
פָּסוּק ו
Pasuk 6
וְכָלand anyמְלָאכָהmelachaלֹאnotתַעֲשׂוּyou shall doבְּעֶצֶםon the strength ofהַיּוֹםthe dayהַזֶּהthisכִּיforיוֹםa day ofכִּפֻּרִיםatonementsהוּאit isלְכַפֵּרto atoneעֲלֵיכֶםfor youלִפְנֵיbeforeיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵיכֶם׃your God
פָּסוּק ז
Pasuk 7
כִּיForכָלeveryהַנֶּפֶשׁsoulאֲשֶׁרthatלֹאnotתְעֻנֶּהwill be afflictedבְּעֶצֶםin the strength ofהַיּוֹםthe dayהַזֶּהthisוְנִכְרְתָהand she shall be cut offמֵעַמֶּיהָ׃from her people
פָּסוּק ח
Pasuk 8
וְכָלAnd anyהַנֶּפֶשׁsoulאֲשֶׁרthatתַּעֲשֶׂהwill doכָּלanyמְלָאכָהmelachaבְּעֶצֶםin the strength ofהַיּוֹםthe dayהַזֶּהthisוְהַאֲבַדְתִּיand I will destroyאֶתהַנֶּפֶשׁthe soulהַהִואthatמִקֶּרֶבfrom the midst ofעַמָּהּ׃her people
רַשִׁ״י
והאבדתי.And I will destroyלְפִיbecauseשֶׁהוּאthat itאוֹמֵרsaysכָּרֵתexcisionבְּכָלin everyמָקוֹםplaceוְאֵינִיand I do notיוֹדֵעַknowמַהwhatהוּא,it isכְּשֶׁהוּאwhen itאוֹמֵרsaysוְהַאֲבַדְתִּי,and I will destroyלִמֵּדit teachesעַלconcerningהַכָּרֵתthe excisionשֶׁאֵינוֹthat it is notאֶלָּאbutאֲבַדּוֹן:destruction
פָּסוּק ט
Pasuk 9
כָּלanyמְלָאכָהworkלֹאnotתַעֲשׂוּyou shall doחֻקַּתa statute ofעוֹלָםeternityלְדֹרֹתֵיכֶםfor your generationsבְּכֹלin allמֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם׃your dwellings
רַשִׁ״י
כלAnyמלאכהworkוגו'.etc.לַעֲבֹרto transgressעָלָיוon itבְּלָאוִיןnegative commandsהַרְבֵּה,manyאוֹorלְהַזְהִירto warnעַלconcerningמְלֶאכֶתthe work ofלַיְלָהnightכִּמְלֶאכֶתlike the work ofיוֹם:day
פָּסוּק י
Pasuk 10
שַׁבַּתA sabbath ofשַׁבָּתוֹןcomplete restהוּאitלָכֶםfor youוְעִנִּיתֶםand you shall afflictאֶתנַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶםyour soulsבְּתִשְׁעָהon the ninthלַחֹדֶשׁof the monthבָּעֶרֶבin the eveningמֵעֶרֶבfrom eveningעַדuntilעֶרֶבeveningתִּשְׁבְּתוּyou shall restשַׁבַּתְּכֶם׃your sabbath
Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם

The aliyah outlines the specific mitzvos of Rosh Hashanah as a day of rest and shofar blasts, followed by the strict laws of Yom Kippur. Hashem commands that Yom Kippur must be a day of complete self-denial and absolute rest from melacha, warning that anyone who performs work or fails to fast on this day will face the severe punishment of kares. Finally, the Torah teaches us the halachic timing of the fast, instructing us to begin the self-denial and the holiness of the day on the ninth of the month in the evening, extending from evening to evening as an eternal statute for all generations.

לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home

The Torah is telling us about the holy day of Yom Kippur, and the pasuk says, "v'inesem es nafshoseichem b'sisha lachodesh ba'erev", you shall afflict your souls on the ninth day of the month in the evening. Lichoira, we all know that Yom Kippur is on the tenth of Tishrei, not the ninth! The Gemara in Brachos asks this kasha, and the teretz is that anyone who eats and drinks on the ninth of Tishrei, the Torah considers it as if he fasted on both the ninth and the tenth.

Think about the deep chiddush the Torah is teaching us here. We usually think that the only way to get close to Hashem, to do real avodah, is through fasting, crying, and breaking ourselves. We think that physical enjoyment is a distraction from ruchniyus. But the Torah comes and turns this upside down. Hashem is telling us that when you eat a festive meal on the ninth of Tishrei to prepare for the holy fast, that physical eating is itself a mitzvah. It is counted as a fast!

This is a massive yesod for our daily lives. Avodas Hashem is not just about the moments when we are locked in the bais medrash or standing in shemonah esrei. When you eat a healthy meal so you have koach to learn, when you go to sleep on time so you can daven with a clear head, or when you take care of your physical needs l'shem Shamayim, that gashmiyus becomes holy. You are turning the physical act into a spiritual preparation, and mimeila, Hashem counts it as a direct act of avodah.

Today, when you sit down to eat or take care of your physical needs, stop for one second before you begin. Have in mind that you are doing this to have the strength and energy to serve Hashem, turning your physical preparation into a holy mitzvah.

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י — סוכות חג ראשון · שִׁשִּׁי