Seder Yomi

Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה

In this aliyah, the Torah details the mitzvah of Sefiras HaOmer, instructing us to count seven complete weeks starting from the day the Omer offering is brought on the second day of Pesach. Upon reaching the fiftieth day, we are commanded to bring a new grain offering to Hashem, consisting of the Shtei Lechem (two loaves of leavened bread) baked from choice flour.

All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.

פָּסוּק א

Pasuk 1

וּסְפַרְתֶּםAnd you shall countלָכֶםfor yourselvesמִמָּחֳרַתfrom the morrow ofהַשַּׁבָּתthe day of restמִיּוֹםfrom the day ofהֲבִיאֲכֶםyour bringingאֶת—עֹמֶרthe omer ofהַתְּנוּפָהthe wavingשֶׁבַעsevenשַׁבָּתוֹתweeksתְּמִימֹתcompleteתִּהְיֶינָה׃they shall be

רַשִׁ״י

ממחרתFrom the morrow ofהשבת.the day of restמִמָּחֳרַתfrom the morrow ofיוֹםthe dayטוֹב:good

רַשִׁ״י

תמימתcompleteתהיינה.they shall beמְלַמֵּדthis teachesשֶׁמַּתְחִילthat he beginsוּמוֹנֶהand countsמִבָּעֶרֶב,from the eveningשֶׁאִםfor ifלֹאnotכֵןsoאֵינָןthey are notתְּמִימוֹתcompleteספרא;SifraמנחותMenachotס"ו66:

פָּסוּק ב

Pasuk 2

עַדUntilמִמָּחֳרַתthe morrow ofהַשַּׁבָּתthe weekהַשְּׁבִיעִתthe seventhתִּסְפְּרוּyou shall countחֲמִשִּׁיםfiftyיוֹםdaysוְהִקְרַבְתֶּםand you shall offerמִנְחָהa meal-offeringחֲדָשָׁהnewלַיהוָה׃to Hashem

רַשִׁ״י

השבתthe weekהשביעת.the seventhכְּתַרְגּוּמוֹas its translationשְׁבוּעֲתָאthe weekשְׁבִיעֵתָא:the seventh

רַשִׁ״י

עדUntilממחרתthe morrow ofהשבתthe weekהשביעתthe seventhתספרו.you shall countוְלֹאand notעַדuntilבִּכְלָל,includedוְהֵןand they areאַרְבָּעִיםfortyוְתִשְׁעָהand nineיוֹם:days

רַשִׁ״י

חמשיםFiftyיוםdaysוהקרבתםand you shall offerמנחהa meal-offeringחדשהnewלה'.to Hashemבַּיּוֹםon the dayהַחֲמִשִּׁיםthe fiftiethתַּקְרִיבוּהָ,you shall offer itוְאוֹמֵרand sayאֲנִיIזֶהthisמִדְרָשׁוֹ,is its Midrashic explanationאֲבָלbutפְּשׁוּטוֹits literal meaningעַדuntilמִמָּחֳרַתthe morrow ofהַשַּׁבָּתthe weekהַשְּׁבִיעִתthe seventhשֶׁהוּאwhich isיוֹםdayחֲמִשִּׁיםfiftyתִּסְפְּרוּ,shall you countוּמִקְרָאand the verseמְסֹרָסinvertedהוּא:it is

רַשִׁ״י

מנחהA meal offeringחדשה.newהִיאitהַמִּנְחָהthe meal offeringהָרִאשׁוֹנָהthe firstשֶׁהוּבְאָהthat was broughtמִןfromהֶחָדָשׁ,the new cropוְאִ"תֹּand ifהֲרֵיyou will sayקָרְבָהbeholdמִנְחַתwas offeredהָעֹמֶרthe meal offering ofאֵינָהּthe Omerכִּשְׁאָרit is notכָּלlike the rest ofהַמְּנָחוֹת,allשֶׁהִיאthe meal offeringsבָאָהsince itמִןcomesהַשְּׂעוֹרִיםfromמנחותthe barleyי"דmeal offerings:

פָּסוּק ג

Pasuk 3

מִמּוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶםfrom your dwellingsתָּבִיאּוּyou shall bringלֶחֶםbread ofתְּנוּפָהwavingשְׁתַּיִםtwo loavesשְׁנֵיtwoעֶשְׂרֹנִיםtenthsסֹלֶתfine flourתִּהְיֶינָהthey shall beחָמֵץleavenedתֵּאָפֶינָהthey shall be bakedבִּכּוּרִיםfirst-fruitsלַיהוָה׃to Hashem

רַשִׁ״י

ממושבתיכם.from your habitationsוְלֹאand notמִחוּצָהfrom outsideלָאָרֶץthe LandספראSifra:

רַשִׁ״י

לחםLoaves ofתנופה.wavingלֶחֶםbread ofתְּרוּמָה,heave-offeringהַמּוּרָםthat is liftedלְשֵׁםfor the sake ofגָּבוֹהַּ,the Most Highוְזוֹand thisהִיאisהַמִּנְחָהthe meal-offeringהַחֲדָשָׁהthe newהָאֲמוּרָהthat is spoken ofלְמַעְלָה:above

רַשִׁ״י

בכורים.Firstfruitsרִאשׁוֹנָהfirstלְכָלof allהַמְּנָחוֹת,the meal-offeringsאַףevenלְמִנְחַתfor the meal-offering ofקְנָאוֹתjealousiesהַבָּאָהwhich comesמִןfromשְׂעוֹרִיםbarleyלֹאit shall notתִּקְרַבbe offeredמִןfromהֶחָדָשׁthe new cropקֹדֶםbeforeלִשְׁתֵּיthe twoהַלֶּחֶםloavesשםthere:

פָּסוּק ד

Pasuk 4

וְהִקְרַבְתֶּםand you shall offerעַלwithהַלֶּחֶםthe breadשִׁבְעַתsevenכְּבָשִׂיםlambsתְּמִימִםunblemishedבְּנֵיofשָׁנָהa yearוּפַרand a bullבֶּןofבָּקָרthe herdאֶחָדoneוְאֵילִםand ramsשְׁנָיִםtwoיִהְיוּthey shall beעֹלָהa burnt offeringלַיהוָהto Hashemוּמִנְחָתָםand their meal offeringוְנִסְכֵּיהֶםand their libationsאִשֵּׁהa fire offeringרֵיחַof a spiritנִיחֹחַof pleasingלַיהוָה׃to Hashem

רַשִׁ״י

עלOnהלחם.the breadבִּגְלַלon account ofהַלֶּחֶם,the breadחוֹבָהan obligationלַלֶּחֶםconnected to the breadספרא;SifraמנחותMenachotמ"ה45b:

רַשִׁ״י

ומנחתםAnd their meal-offeringsונסכיהם.and their drink-offeringsכְּמִשְׁפַּטaccording to the law ofמִנְחָהa meal-offeringוּנְסָכִיםand drink-offeringsהַמְפֹרָשִׁיםthat are specifiedבְּכָלfor everyבְּהֵמָהanimalבְּפָרָשַׁתin the portion ofנְסָכִים,drink-offeringsשְׁלוֹשָׁהthreeעֶשְׂרוֹנִיםtenthsלַפָּרfor the bullוּשְׁנֵיand twoעֶשְׂרוֹנִיםtenthsלָאַיִלfor the ramוְעִשָּׂרוֹןand a tenthלַכֶּבֶשׂ,for the lambזוֹthisהִיאisהַמִּנְחָה,the meal-offeringוְהַנְּסָכִיםand the drink-offeringsחֲצִיhalfהַהִיןof the hinלַפָּרfor the bullוּשְׁלִישִׁיתand a thirdהַהִיןof the hinלָאַיִלfor the ramוּרְבִיעִיתand a fourthהַהִיןof the hinלַכֶּבֶשׂ:for the lamb

פָּסוּק ה

Pasuk 5

וַעֲשִׂיתֶםAnd you shall offerשְׂעִירa male goatעִזִּיםof goatsאֶחָדoneלְחַטָּאתfor a sin-offeringוּשְׁנֵיand twoכְבָשִׂיםlambsבְּנֵיwithinשָׁנָהtheir yearלְזֶבַחfor a sacrificeשְׁלָמִים׃of peace-offerings

רַשִׁ״י

ועשיתםAnd you shall makeשעירa male goatעזים.of the goatsיָכוֹלI might thinkשִׁבְעַתthe sevenהַכְּבָשִׂיםlambsוְהַשָּׂעִירand the goatהָאֲמוּרִיםthat are mentionedכָּאןhereהֵםthey areז'the sevenהַכְּבָשִׂיםlambsוְהַשָּׂעִירand the goatהָאֲמוּרִיםthat are mentionedבְּחֻמַּשׁin the Chumash ofהַפְּקוּדִים,Numbersכְּשֶׁאַתָּהwhen youמַגִּיעַarriveאֵצֶלatפָּרִיםbullsוְאֵילִיםand ramsאֵינָןthey are notהֵם,themאֱמֹרsayמֵעַתָּהfrom nowאֵלּוּtheseלְעַצְמָןby themselvesוְאֵלּוּand theseלְעַצְמָןby themselves—אֵלּוּtheseקָרְבוּwere offeredבִּגְלַלon account ofהַלֶּחֶםthe breadוְאֵלּוּand theseלַמּוּסָפִיןfor the additional offeringsשםthere:

פָּסוּק ו

Pasuk 6

וְהֵנִיףAnd shall waveהַכֹּהֵןthe Kohenאֹתָםthemעַלuponלֶחֶםthe bread ofהַבִּכּוּרִיםthe first-fruitsתְּנוּפָהas a wave-offeringלִפְנֵיbeforeיְהוָהHashemעַלuponשְׁנֵיthe twoכְּבָשִׂיםlambsקֹדֶשׁholyיִהְיוּthey shall beלַיהוָהto Hashemלַכֹּהֵן׃for the Kohen

רַשִׁ״י

והניףAnd shall waveהכהןthe Kohenאתם,themתנופה.a wave offeringמְלַמֵּדthis teachesשֶׁטְּעוּנִיןthat they requireתְּנוּפָהwavingחַיִּים,aliveיָכוֹלone might thinkכֻּלָּם,all of themתַּ"לֹthe Torah teaches"עַלuponשְׁנֵיthe twoכְבָשִֹים"lambsעי'seeמנחותMenachotס"ב62a:

רַשִׁ״י

קדשHolyיהיו.they shall beלְפִיbecauseשֶׁשַּׁלְמֵיthat peace-offerings ofיָחִידan individualקָדָשִׁיםare holy things ofקַלִּים,lesser sanctityהֻזְקַקit was necessaryלוֹמַרto sayבְּשַׁלְמֵיregarding peace-offerings ofצִבּוּרthe communityשֶׁהֵןthat they areקָדְשֵׁיholy things ofקָדָשִׁים:most holy sanctity

פָּסוּק ז

Pasuk 7

וּקְרָאתֶםAnd you shall proclaimבְּעֶצֶםon the strength ofהַיּוֹםthe dayהַזֶּהthisמִקְרָאa convocation ofקֹדֶשׁholinessיִהְיֶהit shall beלָכֶםfor youכָּלanyמְלֶאכֶתmelacha ofעֲבֹדָהlaborלֹאnotתַעֲשׂוּyou shall doחֻקַּתa statute ofעוֹלָםeternityבְּכָלin all ofמוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶםyour dwellingsלְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם׃for your generations

פָּסוּק ח

Pasuk 8

וּבְקֻצְרְכֶםAnd when you reapאֶת—קְצִירthe harvest ofאַרְצְכֶםyour landלֹאyou shall notתְכַלֶּהcompleteפְּאַתthe corner ofשָׂדְךָyour fieldבְּקֻצְרֶךָin your reapingוְלֶקֶטand the gleaning ofקְצִירְךָyour harvestלֹאyou shall notתְלַקֵּטgatherלֶעָנִיfor the poorוְלַגֵּרand for the strangerתַּעֲזֹבyou shall leaveאֹתָםthemאֲנִיI amיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵיכֶם׃your God

רַשִׁ״י

ובקצרכם.And when you reapחָזַרHe returnedוְשָׁנָה,and repeatedלַעֲבֹרto transgressעֲלֵיהֶםover themבִּשְׁנֵיwith twoלָאוין;negative commandmentsאָמַרsaidר'RabbiאַבְדִּימֵיAvdimiבְּרַבִּיson of Rabbiיוֹסֵף,Yosefמָהwhatרָאָהsawהַכָּתוּבthe Scriptureלִתְּנָהּto place itבְאֶמְצַעin the middle ofהָרְגָלִיםthe festivals—פֶּסַחPesachוַעֲצֶרֶתand Shavuosמִכָּאןfrom hereוְרֹאשׁand RoshהַשָּׁנָהHashanahוְיוֹםand YomהַכִּפּוּרִיםKippurוְחַגand the festivalמִכָּאןfrom here—?לְלַמֶּדְךָto teach youשֶׁכָּלthat anyoneהַנּוֹתֵןwho givesלֶקֶטgleaningsשִׁכְחָהforgotten sheavesוּפֵאָהand the cornerלֶעָנִיto the poorכָּרָאוּי,as is properמַעֲלִיןthey creditעָלָיוupon himכְּאִלּוּas ifבָּנָהhe builtבֵּיתthe House ofהַמִּקְדָּשׁthe Sanctuaryוְהִקְרִיבand offeredקָרְבְּנוֹתָיוhis sacrificesבְּתוֹכוֹinside itספראSifra:

רַשִׁ״י

תעזב.you shall leaveהַנַּחplaceלִפְנֵיהֶםbefore themוְהֵםand theyיִלְקְטוּ,shall gatherוְאֵיןand there is notלְךָto youלְסַיֵּעַto assistלְאֶחָדoneמֵהֶםof themפאהPeahפ"הchapter 5:

רַשִׁ״י

אניI amה'Hashemאלהיכם.your GodנֶאֱמָןWho am faithfulלְשַׁלֵּםto payשָׂכָר:reward

Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם

The aliyah continues with the specific korbanos that accompany the Shtei Lechem on Shavuos, including burnt offerings, a sin offering, and peace offerings, which the kohen elevates before Hashem. The day is designated as a holy festival on which melacha is forbidden, and the Torah immediately follows these laws of the festival with the mitzvos of leaving Pe'ah (the corner of the field) and Leket (gleanings) for the poor and the convert.

לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home

The Torah is speaking about the holy days of Sefiras HaOmer and Shavuos, detailing the korbanos and the bread offerings brought in the Beis HaMikdash. Then, right in the middle of this holy discussion, the Torah suddenly interrupts with the mitzvos of Pe'ah and Leket, warning us not to harvest the corners of our fields and to leave the fallen stalks for the poor. Rashi is immediately bothered by this. Why does the Torah place the laws of charity to the poor right in the middle of the Yom Tov offerings? Rashi brings the Chazal that teaches us a tremendous chiddush: anyone who leaves Pe'ah and Leket to the poor is considered as if they rebuilt the Beis HaMikdash and brought all the korbanos inside it.

Lichoira, we have to understand the depth of this sevara. Bringing a korban in the Beis HaMikdash is the highest level of kedushah, a direct connection to Hashem. We might think that real avodas Hashem is only found in the lofty, spiritual moments, like standing in the Beis HaMikdash or spending hours in deep tefillah. But the Torah is coming to be mechadesh that when you look at your own hard-earned livelihood, your own field, and you make space for another Yid who has less, that act of simple chesed is just as holy as bringing a korban on the Mizbe'ach.

This is our daily avodah. It is easy to get swept up in our own success and our own busy schedules, thinking our spiritual life is separate from how we treat others. But Hashem tells us that the ultimate way to bring His presence into this world is by looking out for the poor and the broken. When you share what you have, when you stop to help another Yid with their physical needs, you are literally building the Beis HaMikdash right there in your daily life.

Today, when you deal with your money, your time, or your resources, make a conscious decision to leave a corner for someone else. Whether it is giving tzedakah before davening, or taking five minutes out of your busy day to listen to and help another Yid, do it with the joy of knowing that you are bringing a korban directly to Hashem.