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Sukkot I · 4th Aliyah
Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה

In this aliyah, Hashem speaks to Moshe Rabbeinu to teach Bnei Yisrael the mitzvos that will apply once they enter Eretz Yisrael and begin to harvest the land. The Torah introduces the mitzvah of bringing the Omer, the very first sheaf of the barley harvest, to the Kohen to be elevated before Hashem.

All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.
פָּסוּק א
Pasuk 1
וַיְדַבֵּרAnd spokeיְהוָהHashemאֶלtoמֹשֶׁהMosheלֵּאמֹר׃saying
פָּסוּק ב
Pasuk 2
דַּבֵּרSpeakאֶלtoבְּנֵיthe children ofיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelוְאָמַרְתָּand you shall sayאֲלֵהֶםto themכִּיwhenתָבֹאוּyou comeאֶלtoהָאָרֶץthe landאֲשֶׁרwhichאֲנִיIנֹתֵןam givingלָכֶםto youוּקְצַרְתֶּםand you reapאֶתקְצִירָהּits harvestוַהֲבֵאתֶםand you shall bringאֶתעֹמֶרthe omer ofרֵאשִׁיתthe first ofקְצִירְכֶםyour harvestאֶלtoהַכֹּהֵן׃the Kohen
רַשִׁ״י
ראשיתThe first ofקצירכם.your harvestשֶׁתְּהֵאthat it should beרִאשׁוֹנָהfirstלַקָּצִירfor the harvestספראSifra:
רַשִׁ״י
עמר.An omerעֲשִׂירִיתis a tenthהָאֵיפָהof the ephahכָּךְsoהָיְתָהwasשְׁמָהּ,its nameכְּמוֹas inוַיָּמֹדּוּand they measuredבָעֹמֶרwith the omerשמותShemosט"זsixteen:
פָּסוּק ג
Pasuk 3
וְהֵנִיףAnd he shall waveאֶתהָעֹמֶרthe omerלִפְנֵיbeforeיְהוָהHashemלִרְצֹנְכֶםfor your acceptanceמִמָּחֳרַתon the morrow ofהַשַּׁבָּתthe day of restיְנִיפֶנּוּshall wave itהַכֹּהֵן׃the Kohen
רַשִׁ״י
והניף.And he shall waveכָּלeveryתְּנוּפָהwavingמוֹלִיךְhe moves forwardוּמֵבִיאand brings backמַעֲלֶהhe raises upוּמוֹרִיד,and lowersמוֹלִיךְhe moves forwardוּמֵבִיאand brings backלַעֲצֹרto restrainרוּחוֹתwindsרָעוֹת,harmfulמַעֲלֶהhe raises upוּמוֹרִידand lowersלַעֲצֹרto restrainטְלָלִיםdewsרָעִיםharmfulמנחותMenachotס"ב62:
רַשִׁ״י
לרצנכם.for your acceptanceאִםifתַּקְרִיבוּyou will offerכְּמִשְׁפָּטaccording to the lawזֶהthisיִהְיֶהit will beלְרָצוֹןfor acceptanceלָכֶם:for you
רַשִׁ״י
ממחרתOn the morrow ofהשבת.the Shabbosמִמָּחֳרַתon the morrow ofיוֹםthe dayטוֹבgoodהָרִאשׁוֹןthe firstשֶׁלofפֶּסַח,Pesachשֶׁאִםfor ifאַתָּהyouאוֹמֵרsayשַׁבַּתthe Shabbos ofבְּרֵאשִׁיתCreationאֵיnotאַתָּהyouיוֹדֵעַknowאֵיזֶהוּwhich is itספרא;SifraמנחותMenachotס"ו66:
פָּסוּק ד
Pasuk 4
וַעֲשִׂיתֶםAnd you shall makeבְּיוֹםon the day ofהֲנִיפְכֶםyour wavingאֶתהָעֹמֶרthe omerכֶּבֶשׂa lambתָּמִיםunblemishedבֶּןwithinשְׁנָתוֹits yearלְעֹלָהfor a burnt-offeringלַיהוָה׃to Hashem
רַשִׁ״י
ועשיתםAnd you shall offerכבש.a lambחוֹבָהan obligationלָעֹמֶרfor the Omerהוּאitבָא:comes
פָּסוּק ה
Pasuk 5
וּמִנְחָתוֹand its meal-offeringשְׁנֵיtwoעֶשְׂרֹנִיםtenthsסֹלֶתfine flourבְּלוּלָהmixedבַשֶּׁמֶןwith oilאִשֶּׁהa fire-offeringלַיהוָהto Hashemרֵיחַa pleasingנִיחֹחַaromaוְנִסְכֹּהand its libationיַיִןwineרְבִיעִתa quarterהַהִין׃of a hin
רַשִׁ״י
ומנחתו.and its meal-offeringמִנְחַתthe meal-offering ofנְסָכָיו:its drink-offerings
רַשִׁ״י
שניTwoעשרנים.tenthsכְּפוּלָהdoubleהָיְתָה:it was
רַשִׁ״י
ונסכוAnd its drink-offeringייןof wineרביעתa fourthההין.of the hinאַעַ"פִּEven thoughשֶׁמִּנְחָתוֹthat its meal-offeringכְפוּלָהis doubledאֵיןare notנְסָכָיוits drink-offeringsכְּפוּלִים:doubled
פָּסוּק ו
Pasuk 6
וְלֶחֶםAnd breadוְקָלִיand parched grainוְכַרְמֶלand fresh earsלֹאnotתֹאכְלוּyou shall eatעַדuntilעֶצֶםthe strength ofהַיּוֹםthe dayהַזֶּהthisעַדuntilהֲבִיאֲכֶםyour bringingאֶתקָרְבַּןthe offering ofאֱלֹהֵיכֶםyour Godחֻקַּתa statute ofעוֹלָםeternityלְדֹרֹתֵיכֶםfor your generationsבְּכֹלin allמֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם׃your dwellings
רַשִׁ״י
וקלי.And parched grainקֶמַחflourעָשׂוּיmadeמִכַּרְמֶלfrom fresh earsרַךְtenderשֶׁמְּיַבְּשִׁיןthat they dryאוֹתוֹitבַּתַּנּוּר:in the oven
רַשִׁ״י
וכרמל.And carmelהֵןthey areקְלָיוֹת,parched grainsשֶׁקּוֹרִיןthat they callגרניי"ליש:grenailles
רַשִׁ״י
בכלIn allמשבתיכם.your habitationsנֶחְלְקוּdifferedבוֹin itחַכְמֵיthe Sages ofיִשְֹרָאֵל,Yisraelיֵשׁthere areשֶׁלָּמְדוּwho learnedמִכָּאןfrom hereשֶׁהֶחָדָשׁthat the new cropנוֹהֵגappliesבְּחוּצָהoutsideלָאָרֶץ,the Landוְיֵ"אֹand some sayלֹאnotבָאit cameאֶלָּאexceptלְלַמֵּדto teachשֶׁלֹּאthat notנִצְטַוּוּwere they commandedעַלconcerningהֶחָדָשׁthe new cropאֶלָּאexceptלְאַחַרafterיְרֻשָּׁהinheritanceוִישִׁיבָה,and settlementמִשֶּׁכִּבְּשׁוּfrom when they conqueredוְחִלְּקוּand dividedקידושיןKiddushinל"ז37:
Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם

The aliyah details the specific avodah of the Omer offering, which the Kohen elevates on the day after the first day of Pesach. Along with the sheaf of barley, Bnei Yisrael are commanded to bring a lamb as an olah, a minchah of choice flour mixed with oil, and a wine libation. Finally, the Torah establishes the strict prohibition of chodosh, forbidding anyone from eating bread, parched grain, or fresh ears from the new crop until the day the Omer offering is brought, a halachah that remains a law for all generations.

לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home

The Torah is telling us that when we enter the land and reap its harvest, before we take even a single bite of the new crop, we must bring the Omer offering to the Kohen. The very first yield of our hard work, the "reishis katzirchem," belongs to Hashem. Lichoira, a person works the field for months, sweating and worrying about the rain, and finally the grain is ripe. The natural human reaction is to immediately sit down and enjoy the fruits of his labor. But the Torah comes and sets a boundary: "V'lechem v'kali v'charmel lo sochlu", you cannot touch it until you bring the Korban to Hashem.

This is a tremendous yesod in our daily avodah. The yetzer hara wants us to believe that our success, our parnassah, and our achievements are entirely the result of our own strength and cleverness. By forcing us to stop and give the very first portion to Hashem, the Torah is training us to realize that everything we have is a gift from Him. Before we satisfy our own desires, we must first acknowledge the One Who gave us the ability to produce the harvest in the first place. Mimeila, this changes our entire relationship with gashmius; it elevates our physical enjoyment into an act of kedushah.

We must bring this emunah into our own daily lives. When you close a business deal, receive your paycheck, or experience a great success, do not immediately rush to spend it or pat yourself on the back. Stop for a moment. Dedicate the very first part of that success to Hashem, whether by writing a check for tzedakah, sitting down to learn a blatt Gemara as a thank-you, or simply saying a heartfelt Mizmor L'Sodah.

Today, before you enjoy any new success, profit, or good news, stop and dedicate the very first moment of that joy to Hashem by giving tzedakah or saying a perek of Tehillim to thank Him.

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י — סוכות חג ראשון · רְבִיעִי