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חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · PARSHAS HASHAVUAחוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · PARSHAS HASHAVUA

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · ואתחנן · רִאשׁוֹן

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Vaetchanan · 1st Aliyah
Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה

In this first aliyah of Parshas Vaetchanan, we open with Moshe Rabbeinu's heartfelt tefillos to Hashem, pleading to be allowed to cross the Yarden and enter Eretz Yisrael. Moshe describes how he begged Hashem to let him see the good land, but Hashem did not accept his tefillah on account of Bnei Yisrael, telling him to speak of it no more. Instead, Hashem commands Moshe to ascend the summit of Pisgah to view the land from afar and to strengthen and encourage Yehoshua, who will lead the nation across.

Following this, the Torah transitions into Moshe's warm words of mussar and guidance to Bnei Yisrael as they prepare to enter the land. He exhorts them to listen closely to the chukim and mishpatim, warning them against adding to or subtracting from the mitzvos of Hashem. Moshe reminds them of the stark lesson of Baal-peor, where those who strayed were destroyed, while those who clung to Hashem remained alive.

All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.
פָּסוּק א
Pasuk 1
וָאֶתְחַנַּןAnd I pleadedאֶלtoיְהוָהHashemבָּעֵתat the timeהַהִואthatלֵאמֹר׃saying
רַשִׁ״י
ואתחנן.And I imploredאֵיןthere is noחִנּוּןsupplicationבְּכָלin anyמָקוֹםplaceאֶלָּאexceptלְשׁוֹןan expression ofמַתְּנַתa gift ofחִנָּםfreeאַעַ"פִּeven thoughשֶׁיֵּשׁthat there isלָהֶםto themלַצַּדִּיקִיםto the righteousלִתְלוֹתto dependבְּמַעֲשֵׂיהֶםupon their deedsהַטּוֹבִיםthe goodאֵיןthey do notמְבַקְּשִׁיםrequestמֵאֵתfromהַמָּקוֹםthe Omnipresentאֶלָּאexceptמַתְּנַתa gift ofחִנָּם,freeלְפִיbecauseשֶׁאָמַרthat He saidלוֹto himוְחַנֹּתִיand I will graceאֶתאֲשֶׁרwhomאָחֹןI will graceאָמַרhe spokeלוֹto Himבִּלְשׁוֹןwith the expressionוָאֶתְחַנַּןand I implored;דָּ"אַanother explanationזֶהthis isאֶחָדoneמֵעֲשָׂרָהof tenלְשׁוֹנוֹתexpressionsשֶׁנִּקְרֵאתby which is calledתְּפִלָּה,prayerכִּדְאִיתָאas it isבְּסִפְרֵי:in Sifrei
רַשִׁ״י
בעתAt the timeההוא.thatלְאַחַרafterשֶׁכָּבַשְׁתִּיthat I conqueredאֶרֶץthe land ofסִיחוֹןSichonוְעוֹגand OgדִּמִּיתִיI imaginedשֶׁמָּאperhapsהֻתַּרwas annulledהַנֶּדֶר:the vow
רַשִׁ״י
לאמר.To sayזֶהthisאֶחָדis oneמִגּ'of threeמְקוֹמוֹתoccasionsשֶׁאָמַרthat spokeמֹשֶׁהMosheלִפְנֵיbeforeהַמָּקוֹםthe OmnipresentאֵינִיI am notמַנִּיחֲךָleaving YouעַדuntilשֶׁתּוֹדִיעֵנִיYou inform meאִםwhetherתַּעֲשֶׂהYou will fulfillשְׁאֵלָתִיmy requestאִםorלָאוnotספריSifrei:
פָּסוּק ב
Pasuk 2
אֲדֹנָיMy LordיְהוִהHashemאַתָּהYouהַחִלּוֹתָhave begunלְהַרְאוֹתto showאֶתעַבְדְּךָYour servantאֶתגָּדְלְךָYour greatnessוְאֶתand —יָדְךָYour handהַחֲזָקָהthe strongאֲשֶׁרforמִיwhoאֵלis a powerבַּשָּׁמַיִםin the heavensוּבָאָרֶץor in the earthאֲשֶׁרwhoיַעֲשֶׂהcan doכְמַעֲשֶׂיךָlike Your deedsוְכִגְבוּרֹתֶךָ׃and like Your mighty acts
רַשִׁ״י
ה'Hashemאלהים.Godרַחוּםmercifulבַּדִּין:in judgment
רַשִׁ״י
אתהYouהחלותhave begunלהראותto showאתעבדך.Your servantפֶּתַח,an openingלִהְיוֹתto beעוֹמֵדstandingוּמִתְפַּלֵּלand prayingאַעַ"פִּeven thoughשֶׁנִּגְזְרָהthat was decreedגְּזֵרָה;a decreeאָמַרhe saidלוֹto Himמִמְּךָfrom Youלָמַדְתִּי,I learnedשֶׁאָמַרְתָּfor You saidלִיto meשמותShemosל"ב32"וְעַתָּהand nowהַנִּיחָהleaveלִּי",Me aloneוְכִיand was Iתוֹפֵסholdingהָיִיתִי·בְךָ?Youאֶלָּאratherלִפְתֹּחַto openפֶּתַח,an openingשֶׁבִּיthat in meהָיָהit wasתָלוּיdependentלְהִתְפַּלֵּלto prayעֲלֵיהֶם,for themכְּמוֹjustכֵןsoהָיִיתִיwas Iסָבוּרthinkingלַעֲשׂוֹתto doעַכְשָׁוnowספריSifrei:
רַשִׁ״י
אתגדלך.Your greatnessזוֹthis isמִדַּתthe attribute ofטוּבְךָ,Your goodnessוְכֵןand soהוּאitאוֹמֵרsaysבמדברBamidbarי"ד14"וְעַתָּהand nowיִגְדַּלlet be greatנָאpleaseכֹּחַthe strength ofה'":Hashem
רַשִׁ״י
ואתAnd —ידך.your handזוֹthis isיְמִינְךָyour right handשֶׁהִיאwhich isפְּשׁוּטָהextendedלְכָלto allבָּאֵיwho enterעוֹלָם:the world
רַשִׁ״י
החזקה.The strongשֶׁאַתָּהthat Youכוֹבֵשׁsubdueבְּרַחֲמִיםwith mercyאֶתמִדַּתthe attribute ofהַדִּיןstrict justiceבְּחָזְקָהforciblyספריSifrei:
רַשִׁ״י
אשרWhoמיwhatאלGodוגו'.etc.אֵינְךָYou are notדוֹמֶהsimilarלְמֶלֶךְto a king ofבָּשָׂרfleshוָדָםand bloodשֶׁיֵּשׁwho hasלוֹto himיוֹעֲצִיןadvisorsוְסַנְקַתֶּדְרִיןand co-judgesהַמַמְּחִיןwho protestבְּיָדוֹin his handכְּשֶׁרוֹצֶהwhen he wantsלַעֲשׂוֹתto doחֶסֶדkindnessוְלַעֲבֹרand to passעַלoverמִדּוֹתָיו,his attributesאַתָּהYouאֵיןthere is noמִיoneשֶׁיִּמְחֶהwho can protestבְיָדְךָin Your handאִםifתִּמְחֹלYou forgiveלִיmeוּתְבַטֵּלand annulגְּזֵרָתְךָ;Your decreeוּלְפִיAnd according toפְשׁוּטוֹits plain meaningאַתָּהYouהַחִלּוֹתָhave begunלְהַרְאוֹתto showאֶתעַבְדְּךָYour servantמִלְחֶמֶתthe war ofסִיחוֹןSichonוְעוֹג,and Ogכְּדִכְתִיבas it is writtenדבריםDevarimב'2"רְאֵה"SeeהַחִלֹּתִיI have begunתֵּתto giveלְפָנֶיךָ",before you"הַרְאֵנִיshow meמִלְחֶמֶתthe war ofל"אthirty-oneמְלָכִים:kings
פָּסוּק ג
Pasuk 3
אֶעְבְּרָהLet me cross overנָּאpleaseוְאֶרְאֶהand let me seeאֶתהָאָרֶץthe landהַטּוֹבָהthe goodאֲשֶׁרthatבְּעֵבֶרon the side ofהַיַּרְדֵּןthe Jordanהָהָרmountainהַטּוֹבthe goodהַזֶּהthisוְהַלְּבָנוֹן׃and the Lebanon
רַשִׁ״י
אעברהLet me pass overנא.I pray theeאֵיןis notנָאnaאֶלָּאbutלְשׁוֹןan expression ofבַּקָּשָׁה:request
רַשִׁ״י
ההרthe mountainהטובthe goodlyהזה.thisזוֹthis isיְרוּשָׁלַיִם:Yerushalayim
רַשִׁ״י
והלבנן.and Lebanonזֶהthisבֵּיתthe House ofהַמִּקְדָּשׁthe SanctuaryספריSifrei:
פָּסוּק ד
Pasuk 4
וַיִּתְעַבֵּרAnd Hashem was angryיְהוָהHashemבִּיwith meלְמַעַנְכֶםon your accountוְלֹאand notשָׁמַעHe listenedאֵלָיto meוַיֹּאמֶרand He saidיְהוָהHashemאֵלַיto meרַבenoughלָךְfor youאַלdo notתּוֹסֶףcontinueדַּבֵּרto speakאֵלַיto meעוֹדanymoreבַּדָּבָרregarding the matterהַזֶּה׃this
רַשִׁ״י
ויתעברAnd He was angryה'.HashemנִתְמַלֵּאHe was filledחֵמָה:with wrath
רַשִׁ״י
למענכם.on your accountאַתֶּםyouגְּרַמְתֶּםcausedלִי,to meוְכֵןand soהוּאitאוֹמֵרsaysתהליםTehillimק"ו106"וַיַּקְצִיפוּand they angeredעַלatמֵיthe waters ofמְרִיבָהMerivahוַיֵּרַעand it went illלְמֹשֶׁהfor Mosheבַּעֲבוּרָם":because of them
רַשִׁ״י
רבMuchלך.for youשֶׁלֹּאso that notיֹאמְרוּthey will sayהָרַבthe Masterכַּמָּהhowקָשֶׁהharshוְהַתַּלְמִידand the discipleכַּמָּהhowסַרְבָןobstinateוּמַפְצִירand importunateסוטהSotahי"ג13b;דָּ"אַAnother explanationרבMuchלךfor you,הַרְבֵּהmuchמִזֶּהmore than thisשָׁמוּרis reservedלְךָ,for youרַבabundant isטוּבthe goodnessהַצָּפוּןthat is stored upלְךָfor youספריSifrei:
פָּסוּק ה
Pasuk 5
עֲלֵהGo upרֹאשׁthe top ofהַפִּסְגָּהthe Pisgahוְשָׂאand liftעֵינֶיךָyour eyesיָמָּהwestwardוְצָפֹנָהand northwardוְתֵימָנָהand southwardוּמִזְרָחָהand eastwardוּרְאֵהand seeבְעֵינֶיךָwith your eyesכִּיforלֹאnotתַעֲבֹרyou shall crossאֶתהַיַּרְדֵּןthe Yardenהַזֶּה׃this
רַשִׁ״י
וראהand seeבעיניך.with your eyesבִּקַּשְׁתָּyou requestedמִמֶּנִּיfrom Meוְאֶרְאֶהand let me seeאֶתהָאָרֶץthe landהַטּוֹבָה,the goodאֲנִיIמַרְאֶהam showingלְךָto youאֶתכֻּלָּהּall of itשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is saidדבריםDevarimל"ב34"וַיַּרְאֵהוּand Hashem showed himה'Hashemאֶתכָּלall ofהָאָרֶץ":the land
פָּסוּק ו
Pasuk 6
וְצַוAnd commandאֶתיְהוֹשֻׁעַYehoshuaוְחַזְּקֵהוּand strengthen himוְאַמְּצֵהוּand encourage himכִּיforהוּאheיַעֲבֹרshall cross overלִפְנֵיbeforeהָעָםthe nationהַזֶּהthisוְהוּאand heיַנְחִילshall cause to inheritאוֹתָםthemאֶתהָאָרֶץthe landאֲשֶׁרwhichתִּרְאֶה׃you shall see
רַשִׁ״י
וצוAnd commandאתיהושע.Yehoshuaעַלconcerningהַטְּרָחוֹתthe troublesוְעַלand concerningהַמַּשָּׂאוֹתthe burdensוְעַלand concerningהַמְּרִיבוֹת:the quarrels
רַשִׁ״י
וחזקהוAnd strengthen himואמצהו.and encourage himבִּדְבָרֶיךָ,with your wordsשֶׁלֹּאso that notיֵרַךְwill become faintלִבּוֹhis heartלוֹמַרto sayכְּשֵׁםjust asשֶׁנֶּעֱנַשׁthat was punishedרַבִּיmy masterעֲלֵיהֶם,because of themכָּךְsoסוֹפִיmy end isלֵעָנֵשׁto be punishedעֲלֵיהֶם,because of themמַבְטִיחוֹassuring himאֲנִיI amכִּיthatהוּאheיַעֲבֹרwill cross overוְהוּאand heיַנְחִילwill cause to inheritע'seeספריSifrei:
רַשִׁ״י
כיForהואheיעבר.shall pass overאִםifיַעֲבֹרhe passesלִפְנֵיהֶםbefore themיִנְחֲלוּ,they will inheritוְאִםand ifלָאוnotלֹאnotיִנְחֲלוּ;they will inheritוְכֵןand soאַתָּהyouמוֹצֵאfindכְּשֶׁשָּׁלַחwhen he sentמִןfromהָעָםthe peopleאֶלtoהָעַיAiוְהוּאand heיָשַׁב,sat"וַיַּכּוּand they smoteמֵהֶםof themאַנְשֵׁיthe men ofהָעַיAiוְגוֹ'"etcיהושעYehoshuaז'7וְכֵיוָןand onceשֶׁנָּפַלthat he fellעַלonפָּנָיוhis faceאָמַרHe saidלוֹto him"קֻםariseלָךְ"for yourselfקםaroseלךfor youכְּתִיב,it is writtenאַתָּהyouהוּאare heהָעוֹמֵדwho standsבִּמְקוֹמְךָin your placeוּמְשַׁלֵּחַand sendsאֶתבָּנַיmy childrenלַמִּלְחָמָה,to the warלָמָּהwhyזֶּהis thisאַתָּהyouנֹפֵלfallעַלonפָּנֶיךָ?your faceלֹאdid notכָךְthusאָמַרְתִּיI sayלְמֹשֶׁהto Mosheרַבְּךָyour teacherאִםifהוּאheעוֹבֵרpasses overעוֹבְרִיןthey pass overוְאִםand ifלָאוnotאֵיןthey do notעוֹבְרִיןpass overספריSifrei:
פָּסוּק ז
Pasuk 7
וַנֵּשֶׁבAnd we stayedבַּגָּיְאin the valleyמוּלoppositeבֵּיתthe house ofפְּעוֹר׃Peor
רַשִׁ״י
ונשבAnd we dweltבגיאin the valleyוגו'.etc.וְנִצְמַדְתֶּםand you clungלַעֲ"זָ,to idol worshipוְאַעַ"פִּand evenכֵןthoughועתהand nowישראלYisraelשמעhearkenאלtoהחקיםthe statutes,וְהַכֹּלand everythingמָחוּלis forgivenלְךָ,to youוַאֲנִיbut Iלֹאdid notזָכִיתִיmeritלִמָּחֵלto be forgivenלִי:for me
פָּסוּק ח
Pasuk 8
וְעַתָּהAnd nowיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelשְׁמַעlistenאֶלtoהַחֻקִּיםthe decreesוְאֶלand toהַמִּשְׁפָּטִיםthe lawsאֲשֶׁרthatאָנֹכִיIמְלַמֵּדam teachingאֶתְכֶםyouלַעֲשׂוֹתto performלְמַעַןso thatתִּחְיוּyou will liveוּבָאתֶםand you will enterוִירִשְׁתֶּםand you will possessאֶתהָאָרֶץthe landאֲשֶׁרthatיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵיGod ofאֲבֹתֵיכֶםyour fathersנֹתֵןis givingלָכֶם׃to you
פָּסוּק ט
Pasuk 9
לֹאYou shall notתֹסִפוּaddעַלtoהַדָּבָרthe wordאֲשֶׁרthatאָנֹכִיIמְצַוֶּהcommandאֶתְכֶםyouוְלֹאand you shall notתִגְרְעוּsubtractמִמֶּנּוּfrom itלִשְׁמֹרto keepאֶתמִצְוֺתthe commandments ofיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵיכֶםyour GodאֲשֶׁרthatאָנֹכִיIמְצַוֶּהcommandאֶתְכֶם׃you
רַשִׁ״י
לאDo notתספו.addכְּגוֹןfor exampleחָמֵשׁfiveפָּרָשִׁיּוֹתparshiyosבַּתְּפִלִּין,in the tefillinחֲמֵשֶׁתfiveמִינִיןspeciesבַּלּוּלָב,in the lulavוְחָמֵשׁand fiveצִיצִיּוֹת,tzitzisוְכֵןand so"לֹאdo notתִגְרְעוּ"subtractע'seeספריSifreiפ'parshasראהRe'eh:
פָּסוּק י
Pasuk 10
עֵינֵיכֶםyour eyesהָרֹאֹתare the ones seeingאֵתאֲשֶׁרthat whichעָשָׂהdidיְהוָהHashemבְּבַעַלwith BaalפְּעוֹרPeorכִּיforכָלeveryהָאִישׁmanאֲשֶׁרwhoהָלַךְwentאַחֲרֵיafterבַעַלBaalפְּעוֹרPeorהִשְׁמִידוֹdestroyed himיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godמִקִּרְבֶּךָ׃from your midst
פָּסוּק יא
Pasuk 11
וְאַתֶּםAnd youהַדְּבֵקִיםwho clingבַּיהוָהto Hashemאֱלֹהֵיכֶםyour Godחַיִּיםare aliveכֻּלְּכֶםall of youהַיּוֹם׃today
Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם

The aliyah flows from Moshe Rabbeinu's personal, intense pleading to enter Eretz Yisrael to his public instruction to the nation. After Hashem denies his request to cross the Yarden and instructs him to prepare Yehoshua for leadership, Moshe turns to Bnei Yisrael with a powerful charge to keep Hashem's mitzvos meticulously without any additions or subtractions. He seals this warning by pointing to their own recent history, contrasting the total destruction of those who followed Baal-peor with the complete survival of everyone who held fast to Hashem.

לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home

The parsha opens with Moshe Rabbeinu pleading with Hashem, begging to enter Eretz Yisrael. Rashi is immediately medayek on the word "va'eschanan" that Moshe was asking for a "matnas chinam," a free gift. Lichoira, we are talking about Moshe Rabbeinu, the master of all prophets, who spent his entire life in total self-sacrifice for Klal Yisrael. If anyone had "merits" in their account to pay for a request, it was him. Yet, when Moshe stands before Hashem in tefillah, he divests himself of all his achievements and asks only for a free gift.

This is a tremendous yesod in our own avodah. Sometimes a Yid feels, "I learned so much, I gave so much tzedakah, I did so many chassadim, so Hashem owes me." The Torah is teaching us that this is a mistake. When we come to daven, we must realize that we have no claims on Hashem. Everything He gives us is a pure matnas chinam, an act of sheer chesed. When you approach tefillah with this shiflus, with the recognition that you are asking for a free gift, your heart opens up in a completely different way.

Look at the end of the aliyah: "V'atem hadvekim b'Hashem Elokeichem chayim kulchem hayom." The key to this eternal cleaving, this dveykus, is the humility of knowing we are completely dependent on His kindness. When we stop demanding and start asking like a child asking a loving father for a gift, we merit the ultimate connection.

Today, before you daven Mincha or Maariv, take ten seconds to stop and think: "I am standing before Hashem to ask for a matnas chinam." Do not focus on what you think you deserve; just ask Hashem to grant your tefillah out of His endless chesed.

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י — ואתחנן · רִאשׁוֹן