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חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · PARSHAS HASHAVUAחוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · PARSHAS HASHAVUA

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · ואתחנן · חֲמִישִׁי

Complete Word-for-Word Interlinear · Navy & Gold Edition
Vaetchanan · 5th Aliyah
Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה

In this aliyah, Moshe Rabbeinu continues recounting the awe-inspiring events of Ma'amad Har Sinai. He reminds the Bnei Yisrael how they heard the voice of Hashem speaking from the midst of the fire and the thick cloud, and how they received the Aseres HaDibros. Moshe describes the immense fear that gripped the nation upon hearing the voice of Hashem directly, which led them to approach him with a heartfelt request.

Fearing they would perish from the intensity of the divine revelation, the heads of the tribes and the elders begged Moshe to act as an intermediary. They asked that Moshe go close to hear Hashem's words and then transmit them back to the nation, promising they would faithfully listen and perform all that was commanded. Hashem agreed to their request, praising their yiras Shamayim and expressing a desire that this pure fear of Heaven remain in their hearts forever.

All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.
פָּסוּק א
Pasuk 1
אֶתהַדְּבָרִיםthe wordsהָאֵלֶּהtheseדִּבֶּרspokeיְהוָהHashemאֶלtoכָּלall ofקְהַלְכֶםyour congregationבָּהָרat the mountainמִתּוֹךְfrom the midst ofהָאֵשׁthe fireהֶעָנָןthe cloudוְהָעֲרָפֶלand the thick darknessקוֹלa voiceגָּדוֹלgreatוְלֹאand did notיָסָףceaseוַיִּכְתְּבֵםand He wrote themעַלuponשְׁנֵיtwo ofלֻחֹתtablets ofאֲבָנִיםstoneוַיִּתְּנֵםand He gave themאֵלָי׃to me
רַשִׁ״י
ולאand notיסף.He addedמְתַרְגְּמִינָןwe translate"וְלָא"and notפָּסִיק"He ceased"וּלְפִיand becauseשֶׁמִּדַּתthat the trait ofבָּשָׂרfleshוָדָםand bloodאֵינָןthey are notיָכוֹלִיןableלְדַבֵּרto speakכָּלall ofדְּבְרֵיהֶםtheir wordsבִּנְשִׁימָהin a breathאַחַתoneוּמִדַּתand the trait ofהַקָּבָּ"הthe Holy Oneאֵינוֹis notכֵןsoלֹאnotהָיָהHe didפוֹסֵק,pauseוּמִשֶּׁלֹּאand since notהָיָהHe didפוֹסֵקpauseלֹאnotהָיָהdid He needמוֹסִיףto resumeכִּיforקוֹלוֹHis voiceחָזָקis strongוְקַיָּםand enduresלְעוֹלָםforeverסנהדריןSanhedrinי"ז17;דָּ"אַanother explanationולאand notיסףHe addedלֹאnotהוֹסִיףdid He continueלְהֵרָאוֹתto appearבְּאוֹתוֹin thatפֻּמְבִּי:publicity
פָּסוּק ב
Pasuk 2
וַיְהִיAnd it wasכְּשָׁמְעֲכֶםwhen you heardאֶתהַקּוֹלthe voiceמִתּוֹךְfrom the midst ofהַחֹשֶׁךְthe darknessוְהָהָרand the mountainבֹּעֵרwas burningבָּאֵשׁwith fireוַתִּקְרְבוּןand you approachedאֵלַיto meכָּלall ofרָאשֵׁיthe heads ofשִׁבְטֵיכֶםyour tribesוְזִקְנֵיכֶם׃and your elders
פָּסוּק ג
Pasuk 3
וַתֹּאמְרוּAnd you saidהֵןBeholdהֶרְאָנוּhas shown usיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵינוּour GodאֶתכְּבֹדוֹHis gloryוְאֶתand —גָּדְלוֹHis greatnessוְאֶתand —קֹלוֹHis voiceשָׁמַעְנוּwe heardמִתּוֹךְfrom the midst ofהָאֵשׁthe fireהַיּוֹםthe dayהַזֶּהthisרָאִינוּwe have seenכִּיthatיְדַבֵּרspeaksאֱלֹהִיםGodאֶתwithהָאָדָםmanוָחָי׃and he lives
פָּסוּק ד
Pasuk 4
וְעַתָּהAnd nowלָמָּהwhyנָמוּתshould we dieכִּיforתֹאכְלֵנוּwill consume usהָאֵשׁthe fireהַגְּדֹלָהgreatהַזֹּאתthisאִםifיֹסְפִיםcontinueאֲנַחְנוּweלִשְׁמֹעַto hearאֶתקוֹלthe voice ofיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵינוּour Godעוֹדany longerוָמָתְנוּ׃then we will die
פָּסוּק ה
Pasuk 5
כִּיForמִיwhoכָלof allבָּשָׂרfleshאֲשֶׁרthatשָׁמַעheardקוֹלthe voice ofאֱלֹהִיםGodחַיִּיםlivingמְדַבֵּרspeakingמִתּוֹךְfrom the midst ofהָאֵשׁthe fireכָּמֹנוּlike usוַיֶּחִי׃and lived
פָּסוּק ו
Pasuk 6
קְרַבDraw nearאַתָּהyouוּשֲׁמָעand hearאֵתכָּלallאֲשֶׁרthatיֹאמַרwill sayיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵינוּour Godוְאַתְּand youתְּדַבֵּרshall speakאֵלֵינוּto usאֵתכָּלallאֲשֶׁרthatיְדַבֵּרwill speakיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵינוּour Godאֵלֶיךָto youוְשָׁמַעְנוּand we will hearוְעָשִׂינוּ׃and we will do
רַשִׁ״י
ואתAnd youתדברshall speakאלינו.to usהִתַּשְׁתֶּםyou weakenedאֶתכֹּחִיmy strengthכַּנְּקֵבָה,like a femaleשֶׁנִּצְטַעַרְתִּיfor I was distressedעֲלֵיכֶםbecause of youוְרִפִּיתֶםand you weakenedאֶתיָדִיmy handsכִּיsinceרָאִיתִיI sawשֶׁאֵינְכֶםthat you are notחֲרֵדִיםanxiousלְהִתְקָרֵבto approachאֵלָיוto Himמֵאַהֲבָה,out of loveוְכִיand is itלֹאnotהָיָהbetterיָפֶהfor youלָכֶםto learnלִלְמֹדfrom the mouth ofמִפִּיthe Almightyהַגְּבוּרָהand notוְלֹאto learnלִלְמֹדfrom meמִמֶּנִּי?:·
פָּסוּק ז
Pasuk 7
וַיִּשְׁמַעAnd Hashem heardיְהוָהHashemאֶתקוֹלthe sound ofדִּבְרֵיכֶםyour wordsבְּדַבֶּרְכֶםwhen you spokeאֵלָיto meוַיֹּאמֶרand saidיְהוָהHashemאֵלַיto meשָׁמַעְתִּיI have heardאֶתקוֹלthe sound ofדִּבְרֵיthe words ofהָעָםthe nationהַזֶּהthisאֲשֶׁרwhichדִּבְּרוּthey spokeאֵלֶיךָto youהֵיטִיבוּthey did wellכָּלallאֲשֶׁרthatדִּבֵּרוּ׃they spoke
פָּסוּק ח
Pasuk 8
מִיWhoיִתֵּןwould giveוְהָיָהand it would beלְבָבָםtheir heartזֶהthisלָהֶםto themלְיִרְאָהto fearאֹתִיMeוְלִשְׁמֹרand to keepאֶתכָּלall ofמִצְוֺתַיMy commandmentsכָּלallהַיָּמִיםthe daysלְמַעַןso thatיִיטַבit will go wellלָהֶםfor themוְלִבְנֵיהֶםand for their childrenלְעֹלָם׃forever
פָּסוּק ט
Pasuk 9
לֵךְGoאֱמֹרsayלָהֶםto themשׁוּבוּreturnלָכֶםfor yourselvesלְאָהֳלֵיכֶם׃to your tents
פָּסוּק י
Pasuk 10
וְאַתָּהand youפֹּהhereעֲמֹדstandעִמָּדִיwith Meוַאֲדַבְּרָהand I will speakאֵלֶיךָto youאֵתכָּלall ofהַמִּצְוָהthe commandmentוְהַחֻקִּיםand the statutesוְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִיםand the ordinancesאֲשֶׁרthatתְּלַמְּדֵםyou shall teach themוְעָשׂוּand they shall performבָאָרֶץin the landאֲשֶׁרthatאָנֹכִיIנֹתֵןam givingלָהֶםto themלְרִשְׁתָּהּ׃to possess it
פָּסוּק יא
Pasuk 11
וּשְׁמַרְתֶּםAnd you shall guardלַעֲשׂוֹתto doכַּאֲשֶׁרasצִוָּהcommandedיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵיכֶםyour Godאֶתְכֶםyouלֹאnotתָסֻרוּshall you turn asideיָמִיןrightוּשְׂמֹאל׃and left
פָּסוּק יב
Pasuk 12
בְּכָלIn allהַדֶּרֶךְthe pathאֲשֶׁרwhichצִוָּהcommandedיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵיכֶםyour Godאֶתְכֶם— youתֵּלֵכוּyou shall walkלְמַעַןso thatתִּחְיוּןyou may liveוְטוֹבand it be goodלָכֶםfor youוְהַאֲרַכְתֶּםand you prolongיָמִיםdaysבָּאָרֶץin the landאֲשֶׁרwhichתִּירָשׁוּן׃you shall possess
פָּסוּק יג
Pasuk 13
וְזֹאתAnd this isהַמִּצְוָהthe commandmentהַחֻקִּיםthe decreesוְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִיםand the lawsאֲשֶׁרwhichצִוָּהcommandedיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵיכֶםyour Godלְלַמֵּדto teachאֶתְכֶםyouלַעֲשׂוֹתto performבָּאָרֶץin the landאֲשֶׁרwhichאַתֶּםyouעֹבְרִיםare crossing overשָׁמָּהthereלְרִשְׁתָּהּ׃to possess it
פָּסוּק יד
Pasuk 14
לְמַעַןso thatתִּירָאyou will fearאֶתיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godלִשְׁמֹרto keepאֶתכָּלall ofחֻקֹּתָיוHis statutesוּמִצְוֺתָיוand His commandmentsאֲשֶׁרwhichאָנֹכִיIמְצַוֶּךָcommand youאַתָּהyouוּבִנְךָand your sonוּבֶןand the son ofבִּנְךָyour sonכֹּלall theיְמֵיdays ofחַיֶּיךָyour lifeוּלְמַעַןand so thatיַאֲרִכֻןthey will be prolongedיָמֶיךָ׃your days
פָּסוּק טו
Pasuk 15
וְשָׁמַעְתָּAnd you shall hearיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelוְשָׁמַרְתָּand you shall observeלַעֲשׂוֹתto doאֲשֶׁרthatיִיטַבit may go wellלְךָwith youוַאֲשֶׁרand thatתִּרְבּוּןyou may increaseמְאֹדgreatlyכַּאֲשֶׁרasדִּבֶּרspokeיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵיthe God ofאֲבֹתֶיךָyour fathersלָךְto youאֶרֶץa landזָבַתflowing withחָלָבmilkוּדְבָשׁ׃and honey
Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם

The aliyah concludes with Hashem instructing the Bnei Yisrael to return to their tents, while Moshe is told to remain on the mountain to receive the rest of the Torah, including the mitzvos, chukim, and mishpatim. Moshe charges the nation to be meticulous in keeping these commandments, warning them not to turn aside to the right or to the left. By maintaining this deep yiras Shamayim and walking in the ways of Hashem, they and their children will merit to live long, thrive, and multiply in the land flowing with milk and honey.

לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home

The parsha describes the incredible moment of Kabbalas HaTorah, where Klal Yisrael heard the voice of Hashem out of the fire and were filled with such an overwhelming yiras Shamayim that they begged Moshe Rabbeinu to receive the rest of the Torah on their behalf. Hashem responds with a beautiful, moving expression: "Mi yiten v'hayah levavam zeh lahem l'yirah osi...", if only their hearts would remain this way, to fear Me and keep My mitzvos all the days. Lichoira, we must ask, why does Hashem say "if only"? Hashem runs the entire world, so if He wants us to keep this high level of inspiration, why doesn't He just make it last?

The yeshivish sevara here is fundamental to our entire avodah. Hashem is teaching us that while He will open the heavens and give us a massive burst of inspiration, a spiritual high where everything is clear and our neshama is on fire, He will not make that feeling last forever. If He did, we would have no bechirah, no free will. The work of keeping that fire burning, of translating that great "voice out of the fire" into the quiet, daily routine of our lives, is davka left to us. Hashem gives us the spark, but we have to build the vessel to keep it alive.

We all experience moments of high inspiration. Maybe it is a beautiful, warm Shabbos, an inspiring shiur, a heartfelt tefillah on Yom Kippur, or a moment of deep clarity in our learning. But then, the next morning, Hashem says, "Shuvu lachem l'oholeichem", go back to your tents, back to the mundane, everyday world. The nisayon is not whether we can feel inspired when the mountain is burning with fire, but whether we can carry that yirah into our regular, daily schedule when the fire is no longer visible.

Today, take one small, concrete kabbalah (resolution) to anchor a spiritual moment you recently felt. If you had an inspiring thought during davening or learning this week, don't let it fade away; write down one practical, daily action, like learning for five minutes straight without looking at your phone, or saying one brachah slowly with kavanah, to keep that fire burning in your "tent."

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י — ואתחנן · חֲמִישִׁי