Seder Yomi

Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה

In this beautiful and foundational aliyah, Moshe Rabbeinu teaches Klal Yisrael the words of the Shema, establishing our kabolas ol malchus Shamayim and the mitzvah to love Hashem with all our heart, soul, and resources. We are commanded to constantly speak of these words, to teach them to our children, and to bind them as tefillin on our arms and heads, as well as writing them on the mezuzos of our doors.

Moshe then warns the nation about the spiritual dangers of prosperity. When Hashem brings us into Eretz Yisrael to inherit cities, houses, and vineyards we did not build or plant, we must be extremely careful not to forget Hashem Who took us out of Mitzrayim. We are commanded to fear Hashem, serve Him, and keep His mitzvos diligently so that it will go well with us in the land.

All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.

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שְׁמַעHearיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵינוּour GodיְהוָהHashemאֶחָד׃is One

רַשִׁ״י

ה'Hashemאלהינוour Godה'Hashemאחד.is Oneה'Hashemשֶׁהוּאwho isאֱלֹהֵינוּour Godעַתָּה,nowוְלֹאand notאֱלֹהֵיthe God ofהָאֻמּוֹת,the nationsהוּאHeעָתִידis destinedלִהְיוֹתto beה'Hashemאֶחָד,Oneשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is saidצפניהTzefaniahג'chapter 3כִּיforאָזthenאֶהְפֹּךְI will turnאֶלtoעַמִּיםpeoplesשָׂפָהa languageבְרוּרָהpureלִקְרֹאto callכֻלָּםall of themבְּשֵׁםupon the name ofה',Hashemוְנֶאֱמַרand it is saidזכריהZechariahי"דchapter 14בַּיּוֹםon the dayהַהוּאthatיִהְיֶהwill beה'HashemאֶחָדOneוּשְׁמוֹand His nameאֶחָדOneע'seeספריSifrei:

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וְאָהַבְתָּAnd you shall loveאֵת—יְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godבְּכָלwith allלְבָבְךָyour heartוּבְכָלand with allנַפְשְׁךָyour soulוּבְכָלand with allמְאֹדֶךָ׃your might

רַשִׁ״י

ואהבת.And you shall loveעֲשֵׂהperformדְּבָרָיוHis wordsמֵאַהֲבָה,out of loveאֵינוֹis notדוֹמֶהcomparableהָעוֹשֶׂהone who actsמֵאַהֲבָהout of loveלָעוֹשֶׂהto one who actsמִיִּרְאָה,out of fearהָעוֹשֶׂהone who actsאֵצֶלbyרַבּוֹhis masterמִיִּרְאָה,out of fearכְּשֶׁהוּאwhen heמַטְרִיחַburdensעָלָיוupon himמַנִּיחוֹhe leaves himוְהוֹלֵךְand goesלוֹawayשםthere:

רַשִׁ״י

בכלWith allלבבך.your heartבִּשְׁנֵיwith both ofיְצָרֶיךָyour inclinationsספרי;SifreiברכותBerachotנ"ד54;דָּבָרAnotherאַחֵרexplanationבכלWith allלבבךyour heartשֶׁלֹּאthat notיִהְיֶהshall beלִבְּךָyour heartחָלוּקdividedעַלagainstהַמָּקוֹםthe OmnipresentספריSifrei:

רַשִׁ״י

ובכלand with allנפשך.your soulאֲפִלּוּeven ifהוּאHeנוֹטֵלtakesאֶת—נַפְשְׁךָyour soulספרי;SifreiברכותBerakhotנ"ד54:

רַשִׁ״י

ובכלAnd with allמאדך.your mightבְּכָלwith allמָמוֹנְךָ,your moneyיֵשׁthere isלְךָto youאָדָםa personשֶׁמָּמוֹנוֹwhose moneyחָבִיבis dearerעָלָיוto himמִגּוּפוֹthan his bodyבראשיתBerachotנ"ז57,לְכָךְthereforeנֶאֱמַרit is saidבְּכָלwith allמְאֹדֶךָ.your mightדָּ"אַAnother explanation—ובכלAnd with allמאדךyour mightבְּכָלwith everyמִדָּהmeasureוּמִדָּהand measureשֶׁמּוֹדֵדthat He metesלְךָ,out to youבֵּיןwhetherבְּמִדָּהwith a measureטוֹבָהof goodבֵּיןwhetherבְּמִדַּתwith the measureפֻּרְעָנוּת,of punishmentוְכֵןand soדָּוִדDovidהוּאheאוֹמֵרsaysתהליםTehillimקט"ז116כּוֹסa cupיְשׁוּעוֹתof salvationsאֶשָּׂאI will liftצָרָהtroubleוְיָגוֹןand sorrowאֶמְצָאI foundוְגוֹ'etc.ע'seeספריSifrei:

פָּסוּק ג

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וְהָיוּAnd they shall beהַדְּבָרִיםthe wordsהָאֵלֶּהtheseאֲשֶׁרwhichאָנֹכִיIמְצַוְּךָcommand youהַיּוֹםtodayעַלuponלְבָבֶךָ׃your heart

רַשִׁ״י

והיוAnd they shall beהדבריםthe wordsהאלה.theseוּמַהוּand what isהָאַהֲבָה?the loveוהיוAnd they shall beהדבריםthe wordsהאלהthese,שֶׁמִּתּוֹךְfor out ofכָּךְthisאַתָּהyouמַכִּירrecognizeבְּהַקָּבָּ"הthe Holy One blessed be Heוּמְדַּבֵּקand cleaveבִּדְרָכָיוto His waysספריSifrei:

רַשִׁ״י

אשרWhichאנכיIמצוךcommand youהיום.todayלֹאthey should notיִהְיוּbeבְּעֵינֶיךָin your eyesכִדְיוּטְגְּמָאlike a royal decreeיְשָׁנָהoldשֶׁאֵיןthat there is noאָדָםpersonסוֹפְנָהּ,who values itאֶלָּאbutכַּחֲדָשָׁהlike a new oneשֶׁהַכֹּלthat everyoneרָצִיןrunלִקְרָאתָהּ;towards itדְּיוּטְגְּמָאA royal decree is–מִצְוַתthe command ofהַמֶּלֶךְthe kingהַבָּאָהthat comesבְּמִכְתָּבin writingספריSifrei:

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וְשִׁנַּנְתָּםAnd you shall teach themלְבָנֶיךָto your childrenוְדִבַּרְתָּand you shall speakבָּםof themבְּשִׁבְתְּךָwhen you sitבְּבֵיתֶךָin your houseוּבְלֶכְתְּךָand when you walkבַדֶּרֶךְon the wayוּבְשָׁכְבְּךָand when you lie downוּבְקוּמֶךָ׃and when you rise

רַשִׁ״י

ושננתם.and you shall teach them diligentlyלְשׁוֹןan expression ofחִדּוּדsharpnessהוּא,it isשֶׁיִּהְיוּthat they should beמְחֻדָּדִיםsharpבְּפִיךָ,in your mouthשֶׁאִםthat ifיִשְׁאָלְךָasks youאָדָםa personדָּבָרa matterלֹאnotתְהֵאyou will beצָרִיךְneedingלְגַמְגֵּםto stammerבּוֹabout itאֶלָּאbut ratherאֱמֹרsayלוֹto himמִיָּדimmediatelyספרי;SifreiקידושיןKiddushinל'page 30:

רַשִׁ״י

לבניך.to your childrenאֵלּוּthese areהַתַּלְמִידִים,the disciplesמָצִינוּwe findבְּכָלin everyמָקוֹםplaceשֶׁהַתַּלְמִידִיםthat disciplesקְרוּייִםare calledבָּנִים,childrenשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is saidדבריםDevarimי"ד14בָּנִיםchildrenאַתֶּםare youלַה'to Hashemאֱלֹהֵיכֶם,your Godוְאוֹמֵרand it saysמלכיםMelachimבIIב'2בְּנֵיthe sons ofהַנְּבִיאִיםthe prophetsאֲשֶׁרwho were inבֵּיתBeisאֵל,Elוְכֵןand soבְּחִזְקִיָּהוּ,with Chizkiyahuשֶׁלִּמֵּדwho taughtתּוֹרָהTorahלְכָלto all ofיִשְׂרָאֵל,Yisraelוּקְרָאָםand called themבָּנִיםchildrenשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is saidדבריDivreiהימיםHaYamimב'IIכ"ט29בָּנַיmy sonsעַתָּהnowאַלdo notתִּשָּׁלוּ.be negligentוּכְשֵׁםand just asשֶׁהַתַּלְמִידִיםthat disciplesקְרוּיִיםare calledבָּנִיםchildrenשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is saidבָּנִיםchildrenאַתֶּםare youלַה'to Hashemאֱלֹהֵיכֶםyour Godכָּךְsoהָרַבthe teacherקָרוּיis calledאָב,fatherשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is saidמלכיםMelachimבIIב'2אָבִיmy fatherאָבִיmy fatherרֶכֶבthe chariot ofיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelוְגוֹ'etceteraספריSifrei:

רַשִׁ״י

ודברתAnd you shall speakבם.of themשֶׁלֹּאthat notיְהֵאshall beעִקַּרthe main part ofדִּבּוּרְךָyour speechאֶלָּאexceptבָּםabout them–עֲשֵׂםmake themעִקָּרprimaryוְאַלand do notתַּעֲשֵׂםmake themטָפֵלsecondaryשםthere:

רַשִׁ״י

ובשכבך.and when you lie downיָכוֹלone might thinkאֲפִלּוּeven ifשָׁכַבhe lay downבַּחֲצִיin the half ofהַיּוֹם,the dayתַּ"לthe Torah teachesובקומךand when you rise up,יָכוֹלone might thinkאֲפִלּוּeven ifעָמַדhe stood upבַּחֲצִיin the half ofהַלַּיְלָה,the nightתַּ"לthe Torah teachesבשבתךwhen you sitבביתךin your houseובלכתךand when you walkבדרךby the way–דֶּרֶךְthe way ofאֶרֶץthe earthדִּבְּרָהspokeתוֹרָה,the Torahזְמַןthe time ofשְׁכִיבָהlying downוּזְמַןand the time ofקִימָהrising upשםthere:

פָּסוּק ה

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וּקְשַׁרְתָּםAnd you shall bind themלְאוֹתfor a signעַלuponיָדֶךָyour handוְהָיוּand they shall beלְטֹטָפֹתfor frontletsבֵּיןbetweenעֵינֶיךָ׃your eyes

רַשִׁ״י

וקשרתםAnd you shall bind themלאותfor a signעלuponידך.your handאֵלּוּthese areתְּפִלִּיןtefillinשֶׁבַּזְּרוֹעַ:that are on the arm

רַשִׁ״י

והיוAnd they shall beלטטפתfor frontletsביןbetweenעיניך.your eyesאֵלּוּthese areתְּפִלִּיןtefillinשֶׁבָּרֹאשׁ,of the headוְעַלand onשֵׁםaccount ofמִנְיַןthe number ofפָּרָשִׁיּוֹתֵיהֶםtheir Torah sectionsנִקְרְאוּthey are calledטֹטָפוֹת,totafotטטtatבְּכַתְפִּיin Katpiשְׁתַּיִםis twoפתpatבְּאַפְרִיקֵיin Afrikiשְׁתַּיִםis twoסנהדריןSanhedrinד'4b:

פָּסוּק ו

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וּכְתַבְתָּםAnd you shall write themעַלuponמְזוּזֹתthe doorposts ofבֵּיתֶךָyour houseוּבִשְׁעָרֶיךָ׃and on your gates

רַשִׁ״י

מזזותthe doorposts ofביתך.your houseמזזתdoorpost ofכְּתִיב,it is writtenשֶׁאֵיןthat there is notצָרִיךְneedאֶלָּאbutאַחַת:one

רַשִׁ״י

ובשעריך.And upon your gatesלְרַבּוֹתto includeשַׁעֲרֵיthe gates ofחֲצֵרוֹתcourtyardsוְשַׁעֲרֵיand the gates ofמְדִינוֹתprovincesוְשַׁעֲרֵיand the gates ofעֲיָרוֹתcitiesיומאYomaי"א11a:

פָּסוּק ז

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וְהָיָהAnd it shall beכִּיwhenיְבִיאֲךָbrings youיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godאֶלtoהָאָרֶץthe landאֲשֶׁרthatנִשְׁבַּעHe sworeלַאֲבֹתֶיךָto your fathersלְאַבְרָהָםto Avrahamלְיִצְחָקto Yitzchakוּלְיַעֲקֹבand to Yaakovלָתֶתto giveלָךְto youעָרִיםcitiesגְּדֹלֹתgreatוְטֹבֹתand goodאֲשֶׁרthatלֹאnotבָנִיתָ׃you built

פָּסוּק ח

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וּבָתִּיםand housesמְלֵאִיםfull ofכָּלallטוּבgood thingsאֲשֶׁרthatלֹאnotמִלֵּאתָyou filledוּבֹרֹתand cisternsחֲצוּבִיםhewnאֲשֶׁרthatלֹאnotחָצַבְתָּyou hewedכְּרָמִיםvineyardsוְזֵיתִיםand olive treesאֲשֶׁרthatלֹאnotנָטָעְתָּyou plantedוְאָכַלְתָּand you will eatוְשָׂבָעְתָּ׃and you will be sated

רַשִׁ״י

חצובים.hewn outלְפִיbecauseשֶׁהוּאthat it isמְקוֹםa place ofטְרָשִׁיןstony groundוּסְלָעִיםand rocksנוֹפֵלis applicableבּוֹto itלְשׁוֹןthe term ofחֲצִיבָה:hewing

פָּסוּק ט

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הִשָּׁמֶרGuardלְךָyourselfפֶּןlestתִּשְׁכַּחyou forgetאֶת—יְהוָהHashemאֲשֶׁרWhoהוֹצִיאֲךָbrought you outמֵאֶרֶץfrom the land ofמִצְרַיִםMitzrayimמִבֵּיתfrom the house ofעֲבָדִים׃bondmen

רַשִׁ״י

מביתFrom the house ofעבדים.slavesכְּתַרְגּוּמוֹlike its Targumמִבֵּיתfrom the house ofעַבְדוּתָאslavery–מִמָּקוֹםfrom a placeשֶׁהֱיִיתֶםthat you wereשָׁםthereעֲבָדִים:slaves

פָּסוּק י

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אֶת—יְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godתִּירָאyou shall fearוְאֹתוֹand Himתַעֲבֹדyou shall serveוּבִשְׁמוֹand in His nameתִּשָּׁבֵעַ׃you shall swear

רַשִׁ״י

ובשמוAnd by His nameתשבע.you shall swearאִםIfיֵשׁthere areבְּךָin youכָּלallהַמִּדּוֹתthe characteristicsהַלָּלוּ,theseשֶׁאַתָּהthat youיָרֵאrevereאֶת—שְׁמוֹHis nameוְעוֹבֵדand serveאוֹתוֹ,Himאָזthenבִּשְׁמוֹby His nameתִּשָּׁבֵעַ,you may swearשֶׁמִּתּוֹךְfor becauseשֶׁאַתָּהthat youיָרֵאrevereאֶת—שְׁמוֹHis nameתְּהֵאyou will beזָהִירcautiousבִּשְׁבוּעָתְךָ,with your oathוְאִםand ifלָאוnot—לֹאdo notתִשָּׁבֵעַ:swear

פָּסוּק יא

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לֹאDo notתֵלְכוּןgoאַחֲרֵיafterאֱלֹהִיםgodsאֲחֵרִיםotherמֵאֱלֹהֵיfrom the gods ofהָעַמִּיםthe peoplesאֲשֶׁרwhoסְבִיבוֹתֵיכֶם׃are around you

רַשִׁ״י

מאלהיFrom the gods ofהעמיםthe peoplesאשרwhoסביבותיכם.are around youהוּאitהַדִּיןis the lawלָרְחוֹקִים,for the distant onesאֶלָּאbutלְפִיbecauseשֶׁאַתָּהthat youרוֹאֶהseeאֶת—סְבִיבוֹתֶיךָthose around youתּוֹעִיםgoing astrayאַחֲרֵיהֶם,after themהֻצְרַךְit was necessaryלְהַזְהִירto warnעֲלֵיהֶםconcerning themבְּיוֹתֵר:especially

פָּסוּק יב

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כִּיforאֵלa GodקַנָּאimpassionedיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godבְּקִרְבֶּךָis in your midstפֶּןlestיֶחֱרֶהwill blazeאַףthe anger ofיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godבָּךְagainst youוְהִשְׁמִידְךָand He destroy youמֵעַלfrom uponפְּנֵיthe face ofהָאֲדָמָה׃the earth

פָּסוּק יג

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לֹאYou shall notתְנַסּוּtestאֶת—יְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵיכֶםyour Godכַּאֲשֶׁרasנִסִּיתֶםyou testedבַּמַּסָּה׃at Massah

רַשִׁ״י

במסה.In Massahכְּשֶׁיָּצְאוּwhen they went outמִמִּצְרַיִםfrom Mitzrayimשֶׁנִּסּוּהוּthat they tested Himבַמַּיִם,with the waterשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרas it is saidהֲיֵשׁIs thereה'Hashemבְּקִרְבֵּנוּin our midstשמותShemosי"ז17:

פָּסוּק יד

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שָׁמוֹרDiligentתִּשְׁמְרוּןyou shall keepאֶת—מִצְוֺתthe commandments ofיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵיכֶםyour Godוְעֵדֹתָיוand His testimoniesוְחֻקָּיוand His statutesאֲשֶׁרwhichצִוָּךְ׃He commanded you

פָּסוּק טו

Pasuk 15

וְעָשִׂיתָAnd you shall doהַיָּשָׁרthe uprightוְהַטּוֹבand the goodבְּעֵינֵיin the eyes ofיְהוָהHashemלְמַעַןso thatיִיטַבit will go wellלָךְfor youוּבָאתָand you shall enterוְיָרַשְׁתָּand you shall possessאֶת—הָאָרֶץthe landהַטֹּבָהthe goodאֲשֶׁרthatנִשְׁבַּעsworeיְהוָהHashemלַאֲבֹתֶיךָ׃to your fathers

רַשִׁ״י

הישרthe rightוהטוב.and the goodזוֹthis isפְשָׁרָהcompromiseלִפְנִיםinsideמִשּׁוּרַתof the line ofהַדִּין:the law

פָּסוּק טז

Pasuk 16

לַהֲדֹףto thrust outאֶת—כָּלall ofאֹיְבֶיךָyour enemiesמִפָּנֶיךָfrom before youכַּאֲשֶׁרasדִּבֶּרspokeיְהוָה׃Hashem

רַשִׁ״י

כאשרAsדבר.He spokeוְהֵיכָןAnd whereדִּבֵּר?did He speak"וְהַמֹּתִי"And I will confoundאֶת—כָּלallהָעָםthe peopleוְגוֹ'"etc."שמותShemosכ"ג23:

פָּסוּק יז

Pasuk 17

כִּיWhenיִשְׁאָלְךָwill ask youבִנְךָyour sonמָחָרtomorrowלֵאמֹרsayingמָהwhatהָעֵדֹתare the testimoniesוְהַחֻקִּיםand the statutesוְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִיםand the ordinancesאֲשֶׁרwhichצִוָּהcommandedיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵינוּour Godאֶתְכֶם׃you

רַשִׁ״י

כיWhenישאלךasks youבנךyour sonמחר.tomorrowיֵשׁthere isמָחָרtomorrowשֶׁהוּאthat it isאַחַרafterזְמַן:time

פָּסוּק יח

Pasuk 18

וְאָמַרְתָּand you shall sayלְבִנְךָto your sonעֲבָדִיםslavesהָיִינוּwe wereלְפַרְעֹהto Pharaohבְּמִצְרָיִםin Mitzrayimוַיּוֹצִיאֵנוּand Hashem brought us outיְהוָהHashemמִמִּצְרַיִםfrom Mitzrayimבְּיָדwith a handחֲזָקָה׃strong

פָּסוּק יט

Pasuk 19

וַיִּתֵּןAnd He placedיְהוָהHashemאוֹתֹתsignsוּמֹפְתִיםand wondersגְּדֹלִיםgreatוְרָעִיםand harmfulבְּמִצְרַיִםin Mitzrayimבְּפַרְעֹהupon Pharaohוּבְכָלand upon allבֵּיתוֹhis householdלְעֵינֵינוּ׃before our eyes

פָּסוּק כ

Pasuk 20

וְאוֹתָנוּand usהוֹצִיאHe brought outמִשָּׁםfrom thereלְמַעַןin orderהָבִיאto bringאֹתָנוּusלָתֶתto giveלָנוּto usאֶת—הָאָרֶץthe landאֲשֶׁרwhichנִשְׁבַּעHe sworeלַאֲבֹתֵינוּ׃to our fathers

פָּסוּק כא

Pasuk 21

וַיְצַוֵּנוּAnd He commanded usיְהוָהHashemלַעֲשׂוֹתto performאֶת—כָּלall ofהַחֻקִּיםthe statutesהָאֵלֶּהtheseלְיִרְאָהto fearאֶת—יְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵינוּour Godלְטוֹבfor goodלָנוּfor usכָּלallהַיָּמִיםthe daysלְחַיֹּתֵנוּto keep us aliveכְּהַיּוֹםas thisהַזֶּה׃day

פָּסוּק כב

Pasuk 22

וּצְדָקָהAnd righteousnessתִּהְיֶהit will beלָּנוּfor usכִּיwhenנִשְׁמֹרwe are carefulלַעֲשׂוֹתto performאֶת—כָּלall ofהַמִּצְוָהthe commandmentהַזֹּאתthisלִפְנֵיbeforeיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֵינוּour Godכַּאֲשֶׁרasצִוָּנוּ׃He commanded us

Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם

The aliyah begins with the declaration of Shema Yisrael and the mitzvos of loving Hashem, learning Torah, tefillin, and mezuzah. Moshe Rabbeinu then warns Klal Yisrael not to forget Hashem once they enter the land and enjoy its abundance, cautioning them against avodah zarah and testing Hashem as they did at Massah. Finally, the Torah instructs us how to answer future generations when our children ask about the meaning of the mitzvos, telling us to recount the miracles of Yetziat Mitzrayim and explain that Hashem commanded us these chukim and mishpatim for our own ultimate good and merit.

לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home

In the parsha of Shema, the Torah warns us about a very natural human tendency. When we are in a tight spot, we cry out to Hashem with all our heart. But what happens when we enter the good land, when we find houses full of all good things that we did not fill, and we eat and are satisfied? The Torah warns: "Take heed that you do not forget Hashem."

Lichoira, this is a major kasha. How could a person who has seen the miracles of Egypt and received the Torah just forget Hashem once they have a nice house and a full pantry? The teretz is that comfort breeds a subtle kind of amnesia. When things are going smoothly and our physical needs are met, we naturally start to feel that we are the ones in control. We slip into a state of mind where we take our blessings for granted, and our connection to Hashem becomes cold and mechanical.

The Torah's antidote to this spiritual slumber is "ve'hayu hadvarim ha'eileh... hayom al levavecha", these words must be on your heart "today," meaning they should always feel brand new, like a fresh gift given to you this very morning. Whether we are sitting at home or traveling on the road, we have to actively work to keep our emunah alive and fresh, never letting our comfort make us complacent.

Today, when you sit down to eat a meal or enjoy a comfortable moment in your home, stop for ten seconds before you make your brachah. Actively remind yourself that this food, this roof over your head, and this comfortable life are direct, undeserved gifts from Hashem, and say the words of the brachah with real, fresh gratitude.