This page teaches us a profound lesson about the subtle yet dangerous power of 'נגיעה' - personal bias - which can distort our entire Torah perspective, making us believe we are on the right path when in truth we are far from Hashem's will. It emphasizes that our middos are interconnected like links in a chain, so a flaw in one can unravel everything, and similarly, fixing one can uplift all.
וְעַל הַתְּנַאי הַשֵּׁנִי הֵעִירוּ חֲזַ"ל בְּמַאֲמָרָם כְּנַעַן בְּיָדוֹ מֹאזְנֵי מִרְמָה שֶׁהָיָה יוֹשֵׁב וְשׁוֹקֵל אִם בִּתּוֹ רְאוּיָה לְיִצְחָק וְאִם לָאו,
And regarding the second condition, Chazal commented in their statement, "Canaan, in his hand were scales of deceit," that he would sit and weigh if his daughter was fitting for Yitzchak or not.
לַעֲשׂוֹק אָהַב, אֲהוּבוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם זֶה יִצְחָק וְכוּ'.
To toil he loved; the beloved of the world, that is Yitzchak, etc.
וְרֵישׁ לָקִישׁ אֵין אָרוּר מִתְדַּבֵּק בְּבָרוּךְ (בְּבַמִּדְבַּר רַבָּה שָׁם).
And Reish Lakish [said]: 'An accursed one does not cling to a blessed one' (in Bamidbar Rabbah there).
וְזֶה אָמְנָם אֲשֶׁר מִצַּד מַעֲלָתוֹ הַגְּדוֹלָה הָיָה בֶּאֱמֶת רָאוּי לְיִצְחָק.
And this indeed, which because of its great loftiness, was truly fitting for Yitzchak.
וְהָרְאָיָה כִּי אַחַר שֶׁשָּׁמַע אֶת הַנְּגִיעָה שֶׁלּוֹ הָיָה הוֹלֵךְ בַּקָּצֶה הָאַחֲרוֹן כְּדֵי לְהַשִּׂיג אִשָּׁה אַחֶרֶת,
And the proof is that after he heard his touch, he would go to the very end to acquire another woman,
כַּמְבֹאָר וּמְפֹרָשׁ בַּתּוֹרָה וְלֹא הָיָה חָסֵר לוֹ הַחֲסִידוּת,
as explained and expounded in the Torah, and he was not lacking in chassidus,
אֶלָּא לְכַתְּחִלָּה הָיָה שׁוֹגֵג בִּנְגִיעָה זוֹ,
Rather, from the outset he was unwitting regarding this touch,
וְשָׁכַח כִּי מִצַּד שֶׁהוּא עֶבֶד לֹא יָכוֹל לִהְיוֹת הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה.
And he forgot that from the perspective that he is a servant, this thing cannot be.
וְזֶהוּ מַה שֶּׁאָמַר הַמִּדְרָשׁ, כְּנַעַן בְּיָדוֹ מֹאזְנֵי מִרְמָה שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה חָסֵר לוֹ הַמֹּאזְנַיִם הַנְּכוֹנָה,
And this is what the Midrash said: "Canaan, in his hand were scales of deceit," for he was not lacking the proper scales,
כִּי בָּזֶה גָּדְלָה מַעֲלָתוֹ שֶׁיְּהֵא הַמֹּאזְנַיִם שֶׁלּוֹ מִמִּין הַחֲסִידוּת.
For in this his stature is great, that his scales should be of the type of Chassidus.
וְהָרְאָיָה כִּי אַחַר שֶׁהִרְגִּישׁ הַנְּגִיעָה,
And the proof is that after he felt the touch,
הָלַךְ בַּקָּצֶה הָאַחֲרוֹן לְסַבֵּב בְּכָל הַהִשְׁתַּדְּלוּת לְקַיֵּם כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ אַבְרָהָם. אֶלָּא כָּל הַחִסָּרוֹן הָיָה מִצַּד שֶׁהַמֹּאזְנַיִם הָיוּ מֹאזְנֵי מִרְמָה,
He went to the very end to bring about with all his effort to fulfill as Avraham had told him. However, all the deficiency was from the fact that the scales were scales of deceit,
שֶׁהַמַּחַט הָיָה לוֹ הַכְרָעָה לְצַד אֶחָד וְלָכֵן שָׁכַח אֲשֶׁר אֵין אָרוּר מִתְדַּבֵּק בְּבָרוּךְ.
that the needle had a leaning to one side, and therefore he forgot that 'the cursed does not cling to the blessed.'
וְיֵשׁ לָנוּ מִזֶּה לְהָבִין עַד כַּמָּה צָרִיךְ הָאָדָם לְבָרֵר מִדּוֹתָיו שֶׁיִּהְיוּ כָּל הַשִּׁקּוּל שֶׁלּוֹ אֲמִתִּי וּמְדֻיָּק,
And from this we have to understand how much a person needs to clarify his character traits, that all his consideration should be true and precise,
שֶׁסַּכָּנַת הַנְּגִיעָה גְּדוֹלָה, כִּי יְכוֹלָה הִיא לִגְנוֹב מִמֶּנּוּ כָּל הַתּוֹרָה כֻּלָּהּ.
That the danger of touching is great, for it can steal from him the entire Torah.
וְעוֹד גָּרוּעַ מִזֶּה אֲשֶׁר הַגְּנֵבָה הַזֹּאת לֹא תּוּכַל לְהִתְוַדַּע לְעוֹלָם,
And even worse than this, that this theft will never be able to be known,
יַעַן כִּי כְּמוֹ שֶׁהַנְּגִיעָה לוֹקֵחַ אֶת תּוֹרָתוֹ כֵּן הִיא נוֹתֶנֶת לוֹ תּוֹרָה אַחֶרֶת,
Because just as the touch takes his Torah, so too it gives him another Torah,
וְיָכוֹל לִחְיוֹת כָּל יְמֵי חַיָּיו וְלֹא יֵדַע אֲשֶׁר בֶּאֱמֶת הָיָה לוֹ תּוֹרָה אַחֶרֶת אֲשֶׁר בָּדָה לוֹ רְצוֹנוֹ הַפָּחוּת,
And he can live all the days of his life and not know that in truth he had another Torah, which his lesser will fabricated for him,
וְכָל מַה שֶּׁהֶחֱזִיק בִּתְקִיפוּת בְּחֶשְׁבּוֹנוֹתָיו הַצּוֹדְקִים לְפִי דַּעְתּוֹ,
And all that he held onto with firmness in his calculations, which were righteous according to his own understanding,
הִתְרַחֵק בְּיוֹתֵר מִמֶּרְכַּז הָאֱמֶת שֶׁהִיא תּוֹרַת ה',
he distanced himself exceedingly from the center of truth, which is the Torah of Hashem,
וְלָפִי הַמְּבֹאָר כִּי מֵעִקַּר כַּוָּנַת נְתִינַת הַתּוֹרָה לָאָדָם הוּא לְרַפֵּא מִדּוֹת נַפְשׁוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם,
And according to what is explained, that from the very essence of the intention of giving the Torah to man is to heal the character traits of a person's soul,
כְּמַאֲמָרָם כְּלוּם קִנְאָה יֵשׁ בָּכֶם וְכוּ'
As they said, 'Is there any jealousy in you?' and so on.
נִתְבָּרֵר כְּמוֹ כֵן שֶׁלֹּא יָכוֹל הָאָדָם לַחֲטוֹף מִן הַתּוֹרָה כָּל הַבָּא בְּיָדוֹ,
It has also become clear that a person cannot just snatch from the Torah whatever comes into his hand,
כְּמוֹ שֶׁהַחוֹלֶה לֹא יָכוֹל לִקְפּוֹץ אֶל אַפְּטֵייק לַחְטוֹף רְפוּאָה וְלִשְׁתּוֹת,
Just as a sick person cannot jump to a pharmacy to grab medicine and drink it,
אֶלָּא צָרִיךְ לְהַכִּיר מַחֲלָתוֹ עַל יְדֵי רוֹפֵא מוּמְחֶה,
Rather, one needs to recognize his illness through an expert doctor,
וְרַק עַל יָדוֹ יִקַּח הָרְפוּאוֹת לְפִי מַחֲלָתוֹ,
And only through him will he take the remedies according to his illness,
כֵּן הָאָדָם, הוּא בְּעַצְמוֹ צָרִיךְ לִהְיוֹת הָרוֹפֵא הַמַּכִּיר אֶת מַחֲלָתוֹ,
So too, a person, he himself needs to be the doctor who recognizes his illness,
וְלִיקַח אֶת הָרְפוּאָה לְפִי מַחֲלָתוֹ,
and to take the remedy according to his illness,
וְאִם יִקַּח אֶת הָרְפוּאָה בִּלְתִּי מְדֻיָּק לְפִי מַחֲלָתוֹ אֶלָּא לְפִי מַחֲלַת חֲבֵירוֹ,
And if he takes the remedy not precisely according to his own illness, but according to his friend's illness,
לְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יוֹעִיל, עוֹד יַזִּיק לוֹ.
Not only will it not help, it will even harm him.
כִּי מַה שֶּׁיָּפֶה לַחֲבֵירוֹ יוּכַל לִהְיוֹת כִּי עַצְמוֹ הוּא סַם הַמָּוֶת.
For what is good for his friend, it is possible that for himself it is a deadly poison.
וְכָמוֹ שֶׁאִם יִקַּח הַנּוֹטֶה בְּטִבְעוֹ לְבַקֵּר מוּמֵי זוּלָתוֹ הָאַזְהָרָה שֶׁל שַׁחֲדֵהוּ — עוֹד יִהְיֶה לוֹ לְסַם הַמָּוֶת,
And just as if one who is naturally inclined to seek out the faults of others takes the warning of 'bribe him' — it will yet be for him a deadly poison,
כִּי לְפִי תְּכוּנָתוֹ צָרִיךְ לִיקַּח אֶת הַכַּבְּדֵהוּ קוֹדֶם הַחְשְׁדֵהוּ.
For according to his nature, one must take the 'honor him' before the 'suspect him'.
וְאִם יִקַּח הַסָּנֵיגוֹר בְּטִבְעוֹ בְּאַזְהָרָה שֶׁל כַּבְּדֵהוּ לְבַד,
And if the advocate takes, in his nature, only the warning of 'honor him',
גַּם מִזֶּה לֹא יַשִּׂיג רְפוּאָה, אֶלָּא צָרִיךְ לִיקַּח גַּם אֶת הַחֲשָׁדֵהוּ,
Even from this he will not achieve a cure, rather he needs to take also the 'suspect him',
כִּי אִם יֶחְסַר לוֹ אֶת הַחְשְׁדֵהוּ יֶחְסַר לוֹ גַּם כֵּן כַּבְּדֵהוּ,
For if he lacks 'suspect him,' he will also lack 'honor him.'
כִּי לִפְעָמִים יִדְמֶה לוֹ אֲשֶׁר תּוֹכַחְתּוֹ הַגְּלוּיָה לֹא יֵרֵד כָּל כָּךְ כָּאָרֶס אֶל תּוֹךְ לִבּוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵירוֹ.
For sometimes it will seem to him that his open rebuke will not descend so much like poison into the heart of his friend.
וְהוּא מִשּׁוּם שֶׁאֵינוֹ רוֹאֶה גְּבוּלִין בִּשְׁלֵימוּת שֶׁל חֲבֵירוֹ וְנִדְמֶה לוֹ אֲשֶׁר הוּא לְמַעְלָה מִן הַגְּבוּל וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לִהְיוֹת זָהִיר בִּכְבוֹדוֹ,
And this is because he does not see boundaries in his friend's perfection, and it seems to him that he is above the boundary and there is no need to be careful with his honor,
וְהוּא מִפְּנֵי שֶׁחָסֵר לוֹ הַחֲשָׁדֵהוּ.
And this is because he lacks the 'suspect him' (i.e., the ability to suspect himself).
כֵּן בְּכָל הַתּוֹרָה כֻּלָּהּ צָרִיךְ כָּל אֶחָד לְפִי תְּכוּנָתוֹ וּמִדּוֹתָיו לִיקַּח אֶת הָרְפוּאָה,
So too, in the entire Torah, each person needs, according to his nature and his character traits, to take the remedy,
בַּעַל גַּאֲוָה קָצֶה הַשִּׁפְלוּת, וְהַשָּׁפָל קָצַר הַגַּאֲוָה בִּמְקוֹם שֶׁצָּרִיךְ,
A person with ga'avah (haughtiness) despises shiflus (lowliness), and a shafal (lowly person) despises ga'avah in a place where it is needed,
וְאִם יַחֲלִיף אֹפֶן הַשִּׁמּוּשׁ מִפְּנֵי מִדּוֹתָיו אוֹ מִפְּנֵי נְגִיעוֹתָיו תּוֹרָה יְהֵא לוֹ,
And if he changes the manner of usage because of his character traits or because of his personal interests, it will be a Torah for him,
אֲבָל לֹא תּוֹרָתוֹ הַמַּתְאִים לוֹ בֶּאֱמֶת.
But not his Torah that truly fits him.
וְאִם יִשְׁאַל הַמְבַקֵּשׁ הֲלֹא כָּל הַטַּעַם שֶׁצָּרִיךְ הָאָדָם לָלֶכֶת בַּקָּצֶה,
And if the seeker will ask, 'Is not the entire reason that a person needs to go to the extreme,'
אִם הוּא חַשְׁדָן לְהַקְדִּים אֶת הַזְּכוּת קֹדֶם הַחוֹב,
If he is suspicious to put the merit before the obligation,
מִשּׁוּם שֶׁהַכֹּל הוֹלֵךְ אַחַר הַהַנָּחָה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה וְצַדִּיק הָרִאשׁוֹן בְּרִיבוֹ,
Because everything follows the first assumption, and 'the righteous is first in his claim' (Mishlei 18:17).
וְכָל הַבִּנְיָנִים שֶׁיִּבְנֶה עַל צַד הַזֶּה הוּא שֶׁקֶר,
And all the structures that he builds on this side are falsehood,
גַּם כִּי יַעֲמֹד עַצְמוֹ בַּקָּצֶה וְיַקְדִּים אֶת הַזְּכוּת קֹדֶם הַחוֹב גַּם אָז יַעֲשֶׂה הַהַקְדָּמָה הַזֶּה לְהַנָּחָה וְצַדִּיק הָרִאשׁוֹן בְּרִיבוֹ,
Even when he stands himself at the edge and puts the merit before the debt, even then he will make this putting-first into an assumption, and 'the first to plead his case seems right,' (Mishlei 18:17)
וְלֹא יִמָּלֵט לְעוֹלָם מִן הַשֶּׁקֶר וּמִשְׁפָּט בִּלְתִּי צֶדֶק,
And he will never escape from falsehood and an unrighteous judgment,
וְאֵין זוֹ עֵצָה טוֹבָה.
And this is not a good counsel.
אָמְנָם הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה יוּבַן עַל פִּי מָשָׁל.
Indeed, this matter will be understood through a parable.
כִּי בַּמִּלְחָמָה יֵשׁ שְׁנֵי דְּרָכִים,
For in war there are two paths,
אוֹ מִלְחֶמֶת מָגֵן, לְהִשְׁתַּדֵּל לְהָגֵן עַל עַצְמוֹ שֶׁלֹּא לְהַנִּיחַ אֲשֶׁר הַשּׂוֹנֵא יָבוֹא אֶל הַתְּחוּם שֶׁלּוֹ,
Or a defensive war, to strive to defend oneself so as not to allow that the enemy come into one's domain,
נִצְּחוֹ מוּטָב, וְאִם לָאו יֵשׁ לוֹ דֶּרֶךְ אַחֶרֶת בְּמִלְחֶמֶת תְּנוּפָה לְגָרֵשׁ אֶת הַשּׂוֹנֵא מִתּוֹךְ תְּחוּם שֶׁלּוֹ הַחוּצָה.
If he is victorious, it is good; and if not, he has another way, with a sweeping war, to expel the enemy from within his domain, outwards.
וּמוּבָן אֲשֶׁר הַדֶּרֶךְ הָרִאשׁוֹן הוּא מוּבְטָח יוֹתֵר מִן הַשֵּׁנִי,
And it is understood that the first path is more assured than the second,
כִּי בְּמִלְחֶמֶת מָגֵן אֲשֶׁר כָּל זְמַן שֶׁלֹּא נִכְנַס אֶל תְּחוּמוֹ עַד כֹּה,
For in a defensive war, as long as one has not yet entered his territory,
יֵשׁ לוֹ מִסְתָּמָא הַפְּחִידָה, וְגַם שֶׁבְּדֶרֶךְ זֶה מִיָּד נִגְלֶה לָאוֹיְבִים גְּבוּרַת הָעָם הַיּוֹשְׁבִים בְּאַרְצָם שֶׁאֵינָם מַנִּיחִים לְהִכָּנֵס אֲפִלּוּ כְּחוּט הַשַּׂעֲרָה,
He surely has the fear, and also that in this way, immediately the strength of the people dwelling in their land is revealed to the enemies, that they do not allow even a hair's breadth to enter,
וְזֶה נָקֵל בְּיוֹתֵר.
And this is exceedingly easy.
לֹא כֵן אִם כְּבָר נִכְנַס הָאוֹיֵב וְצָרִיךְ לְמִלְחֶמֶת תְּנוּפָה לְגָרְשָׁם,
Not so if the enemy has already entered and it is necessary for a war of sweeping force to expel them,
הַתְּנוּפָה קָשָׁה מִן הַמָּגֵן, אַחַר שֶׁכְּבָר צָרִיךְ לְהוֹצִיא מִתַּחַת יְדֵי הָאוֹיְבִים מַה שֶּׁכָּבְשׁוּ כְּבָר.
The counterattack is harder than the defense, after one already needs to extract from under the hands of the enemies what they have already conquered.
כֵּן אִם הַקָּטֵגוֹר אֲשֶׁר טִבְעוֹ נוֹטֶה לִרְאוֹת בְּהַשְׁקָפָה רִאשׁוֹנָה אֶת הַחֲשָׁד,
So too, if the accuser, whose nature tends to see suspicion at first glance,
אִם לֹא יְעוֹרֵר אֶת עַצְמוֹ בְּהַשְׁקָפָה רִאשׁוֹנָה לְהַקְדִּים אֶת הַזְּכוּת,
If he does not arouse himself at the first glance to give precedence to the merit,
אָז יָבוֹא הַחֲשַׁד אֶל תְּחוּמוֹ וְיִצְטָרֵךְ אֶל מִלְחֶמֶת תְּנוּפָה לְגָרֵשׁ אֶת הַחֲשַׁד מִתְּחוּמוֹ וּלְהַכְנִיס אֶת הַזְּכוּת,
Then the suspicion will come into his domain, and he will need a sweeping war to drive out the suspicion from his domain and to bring in the merit,
זֶה קָשֶׁה עָלָיו מְאֹד, כִּי כְּבָר כָּבַשׁ הַחֲשָׁד אֶת לִבּוֹ וְצַדִּיק הָרִאשׁוֹן בְּרִיבוֹ,
This is very difficult for him, because suspicion has already conquered his heart, and 'the first to plead his case seems just,' (Mishlei 18:17)
לֹא כֵן אִם יַקְדִּים אֶת הַזְּכוּת גַּם אִם יִרְצֶה אָז הַחֲשָׁד לְגָרֵשׁ הַזְּכוּת הַמֻּקְדָּם וּלְהַטּוֹת לִבּוֹ לְצַד הַחוֹב הֲרֵי יָכוֹל אָז הַזְּכוּת לָצֵאת בְּמִלְחֶמֶת מָגֵן לְהָגֵן אֲשֶׁר לֹא יַכְרִיעַ הַחֲשָׁד עַל הַזְּכוּת הַמֻּקְדָּם מִפְּנֵי טִבְעוֹ וּנְטִיָּתוֹ,
Not so if he brings the merit first, even if the suspicion then wants to drive away the prior merit and incline his heart to the side of guilt, behold, the merit can then go out in a defensive war to protect, so that the suspicion will not overcome the prior merit because of its nature and inclination,
וְזֶה אֵין לוֹמַר שֶׁאַף אִם יָבוֹא הַזְּכוּת מִקּוֹדֶם לֹא יוּכַל הַחֲשָׁד לְהִלָּחֵם עִם זְכוּת בְּמִלְחֶמֶת תְּנוּפָה,
And this is not to say that even if the merit comes first, the suspicion will not be able to fight with the merit in a war of triumph,
וִיהִי הַטָּעוּת בַּצַּד הַשֵּׁנִי.
And the error will be on the other side.
זֶה אֵינוֹ, שֶׁגַּם אִם יַקְדִּים הַזְּכוּת יִהְיֶה דֵּי כֹּחַ לְהַחְשָׁד לְהַגִּיד אֶת דַּעְתּוֹ וְלֹא לְהִבָּטֵל מִפְּנֵי הַזְּכוּת,
This is not so, that even if the merit precedes, there will be enough strength for the suspected one to state his opinion and not be nullified before the merit,
יַעַן כִּי הַטֶּבַע מְסַיֵּעַ לוֹ, וּלְגַבֵּי הַחֲשָׁד גַּם אַחַר הַקְדֶּמַת הַזְּכוּת הוּא בִּבְחִינַת מִלְחֶמֶת מָגֵן,
Because nature assists him, and regarding suspicion, even after giving the benefit of the doubt, it is like a defensive war,
וְכֵן בְּכָל הַמִּדּוֹת כֻּלָּם, צָרִיךְ הָאָדָם לִרְאוֹת שֶׁלֹּא יִפְתַּח פֶּתַח לָהֶם וְזֶה יִהְיֶה נָקֵל עָלָיו יוֹתֵר מֵאִם יִפְתַּח פֶּתַח,
And so too with all character traits, a person needs to see to it that he does not open a door for them, and this will be easier for him than if he opens a door,
אֲבָל יְגָרֵשׁ אוֹתוֹ אַחַר כָּךְ, כִּי כֹּחַ הַמָּגֵן נָקֵל יוֹתֵר מִכֹּחַ הַתְּנוּפָה,
But he will drive it out afterwards, because the power of defense is easier than the power of offense,
כִּי בְּעֵת שֶׁמֻּכְרָח הָאָדָם לִתְנוּפָה,
For at the time a person is compelled to a 'tenufah' (a spiritual uplift, a wave offering of the soul),
מִסְתָּמָא כְּבָר נִכְנַס הַשּׂוֹנֵא אֶל גְּבוּלוֹ,
Most likely, the enemy has already entered his border,
וְאַחַר שֶׁכְּבָר נִכְנַס יִהְיֶה קָשֶׁה לוֹ לְהַצִּיל עַצְמוֹ בְּמָגֵן לְבַד,
And after he has already entered, it will be difficult for him to save himself with a shield alone,
כִּי לֹא יוּכַל לְהָגֵן בְּעַד הָאֱמֶת אַחַר שֶׁכְּבָר שִׂכְלוֹ מְעֻוָּת עַל יְדֵי שֶׁפָּתַח פֶּתַח בְּלִבּוֹ לְהַטּוֹתָהּ לְחַיֵּי הַמִּדּוֹת,
For he will not be able to defend the truth after his intellect has already been distorted by his opening a door in his heart to incline it towards a life of character traits,
אֶלָּא צָרִיךְ עַתָּה לָצֵאת בְּמִלְחֶמֶת תְּנוּפָה,
Rather, one must now go out in a war of vigorous effort,
כִּי הָרַע רוֹדֵף אַחֲרָיו וּקְשׁוּרָה בּוֹ כְּכֶלֶב; וְצָרִיךְ לְהִלָּחֵם עִמּוֹ בְּמִלְחֶמֶת תְּנוּפָה,
For the evil chases after him and is tied to him like a dog; and he needs to fight with it in a war of triumph,
וְהַתְּנוּפָה דּוֹרֶשֶׁת גְּבוּרָה גְּדוֹלָה.
And the 'tenufah' (waving offering) demands great strength.
לֹא כֵן אִם יֵשׁ עוֹד הַבְּחִירָה,
Not so if there is still the choice,
וְלֹא נִסָּה אַף פַּעַם אַחַת לְהַנִּיחַ אֶת הַשּׂוֹנֵא לָבוֹא בִּגְבוּלוֹ וְלֹא פָּתַח לוֹ פֶּתַח,
And he never tried even once to allow the enemy to come into his boundary, and he did not open a door for him,
אָז יוּכַל בְּנָקֵל לָצֵאת בְּמִלְחֶמֶת מָגֵן לְהָגֵן עַל עַצְמוֹ שֶׁלֹּא יֹאבַד כְּחוּט הַשַּׂעֲרָה.
Then he will easily be able to go out in a defensive war to protect himself, so that he will not lose even a hair's breadth.
אוּלָם צְרִיכִים אָנוּ לְהִתְלַמֵד אֵיךְ לָצֵאת בְּמִלְחֶמֶת מָגֵן; כִּי הַתּוֹרָה אֲרוּכָּה מֵאֶרֶץ מִדָּה וּרְחָבָה מִנִּי יָם,
However, we need to learn how to go out in a defensive war; for the Torah is 'longer than the earth's measure and wider than the sea',
וְהַמִּדּוֹת צְרִיכִין כָּל כָּךְ תִּקּוּן וְיֹשְׁרָה,
And the middos (character traits) require so much tikkun (rectification) and uprightness,
מֵאַיִן יַתְחִיל לְתַקֵּן, כִּי אֶת הַכֹּל צָרִיךְ לְתַקֵּן,
From where will he begin to fix, for everything needs fixing,
וּלְהַתְחִיל הַכֹּל בְּפַעַם אַחַת לֹא יָכוֹל,
And to begin everything at one time, he cannot.
וְאִם לֹא יָכוֹל יָבוֹא אֶל הַתִּקּוּן בְּדֶרֶךְ מִן הַקַּל אֶל הַכָּבֵד,
And if he cannot, he should come to the rectification by way of from the light to the heavy,
אֵז אֶפֶס תִּקְוָה.
So, there is no hope.
אָמְנָם אִם נִתְבּוֹנֵן עוֹד בְּכָל הַמִּדּוֹת כּוּלָּם,
Indeed, if we will yet contemplate all the midos, all of them,
נִמְצָא כִּי כָּל חִסָּרוֹן פְּרָטִי אֲשֶׁר נוֹבֵעַ מִמִּדּוֹתָיו,
It is found that every individual deficiency that stems from his character traits,
אֵין רָאוּי בֶּאֱמֶת לְהִכָּנוֹת בְּשֵׁם חִסָּרוֹן פְּרָטִי,
it is truly not fitting to be called by the name 'a private deficiency',
אָמְנָם הוּא חִסָּרוֹן כְּלָלִי, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁכָּל הַמִּדּוֹת תְּלוּיִם וְנֶאֱחָזִים כָּל אֶחָד בַּחֲבֵירוֹ וַחֲבֵירוֹ בַּחֲבֵירוֹ,
Indeed, it is a general deficiency, because all the middos are dependent and intertwined, each one with its fellow, and its fellow with its fellow,
וְאִם יִכָּשֵׁל בְּאֶחָד מֵהֶם יִכָּשֵׁל בְּכֻלָּם,
And if he stumbles in one of them, he will stumble in all of them,
וְנִמְצָא אֲשֶׁר לֹא יוּכַל הָאָדָם לַחֲשֹׁב עַל פְּרָט אֶחָד,
And it is found that a person cannot think about one detail,
מַה לּוֹ אִם יֶחְסַר לוֹ אֶת הַפְּרָט הַזֶּה,
What is it to him if he lacks this detail,
כִּי לוּלֵא הָיָה בֶּאֱמֶת הַפְּרָט רַק פְּרָט,
For if the individual were truly only an individual,
אָז לֹא קָשֶׁה כָּל כָּךְ אִם יֵחָסֵר פְּרָט אֶחָד,
So it is not so difficult if one detail is missing,
אֲבָל בֶּאֱמֶת הַפְּרָט הַזֶּה יִגְרֹם קִלְקוּל בְּכָל הַפְּרָטִים כֻּלָּם וְאִם לֹא יַעֲמֹד בְּנִסָּיוֹן בְּמִדָּה אַחַת יִפְעֹל עָלָיו שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲמֹד בְּכָל הַמִּדּוֹת כֻּלָּם,
But in truth, this one detail will cause a breakdown in all the details entirely, and if he does not stand firm in a nisayon in one middah, it will cause him not to stand firm in all the middos entirely.
כִּי מִיָּד שֶׁיִּתֵּן מָקוֹם אֶל מִדָּה זוֹ יַשִּׂיג עַל יָדוֹ צִמָּאוֹן בְּכָל הַמִּדּוֹת כֻּלָּם,
For immediately when one gives place to this middah, he will achieve through it a thirst in all the middos entirely,
מִזֶּה לָזֶה, וּמִזֶּה לָזֶה, כֵּן מַרְאֶה הַנִּסָּיוֹן לָאָדָם הַמַּשְׁגִּיחַ עַל עַצְמוֹ,
From this to this, and from this to this, so does the nisayon show the person who watches over himself,
וְיִתָּכֵן שֶׁבָּזֶה טָעָה שְׁלֹמֹה הַמֶּלֶךְ בְּמַה שֶּׁהִרְבָּה אֶת נָשָׁיו,
And it is possible that in this Shlomo HaMelech erred, in that he multiplied his wives,
כִּי הוּא סָבַר אֲשֶׁר כָּל מִדָּה הוּא דָּבָר בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ וְלֹא יִגְרוֹר אֶחָד אֶת חֲבֵירוֹ,
For he held that every middah is a thing unto itself, and one will not drag its fellow,
אֶלָּא אִם יִכָּשֵׁל הָאָדָם בְּפְרָט אֶחָד,
Rather, if a person stumbles in one detail,
אֵין הַמִּכְשׁוֹל אֶלָּא מִכְשׁוֹל פְּרָטִי,
The stumbling block is nothing but a private stumbling block,
וְלָכֵן חָשַׁב אֲנִי אַרְבֶּה וְלֹא אָסוּר,
And therefore he thought, 'I will multiply and not turn aside,'
כִּי עַל פְּרָט זֶה הָיָה בָּטוּחַ בְּעַצְמוֹ כִּי יִגְבַּר עַל יִצְרוֹ וְלֹא יַעֲשֶׂה שׁוּם רוֹשֶׁם עָלָיו,
For regarding this particular detail, he was confident in himself that he would overcome his yetzer hara and it would not make any impression upon him,
וְלָכֵן בָּטַח עַל שִׂכְלוֹ וְלָקַח,
And therefore he relied on his intellect and took,
אֲבָל אַחַר כָּךְ נִתְבָּרֵר כִּי הִטּוּ אֶת לְבָבוֹ (מְלָכִים א' י"א),
But afterwards it became clear that 'they swayed his heart' (Melachim I 11),
אֲשֶׁר גָּרַר הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה לַעֲשׂוֹת הַטָּיָה בַּלֵּב מֵחֲמַת שֶׁמִּדָּה אַחַת נוֹגֵעַ לְכָל הַמִּדּוֹת,
that this matter dragged on to create a deviation in the heart, because one middah affects all the middos,
וְנוֹגֵעַ גַּם כֵּן אַף מַה שֶּׁיִּצְמַח מִזֶּה לְסוֹף שְׁנוֹתָיו,
And it also touches upon even what will grow from this at the end of his years,
כִּי לְעֵת זִקְנוּתוֹ הִטּוּ אֶת לְבָבוֹ,
for in his old age they swayed his heart,
וּבָרוּר אֲשֶׁר זֶה הָיָה מְסוֹבָב מִן הַהַתְחָלָה,
And it is clear that this was caused from the very beginning,
וְעַל הַהַקָּשָׁה הַזֹּאת יִמְצָא הָאָדָם בְּעַצְמוֹ בְּאוֹפֶן יוֹתֵר בּוֹלֵט וְיוֹתֵר נִגְלֶה,
And through this comparison, a person will find within himself, in a more prominent and more revealed way,
שֶׁלֹּא יִמָּצֵא חִסָּרוֹן פְּרָטִי שֶׁיַּתְחִיל מִן הַפְּרָט וִיסַיֵּים אֶל הַפְּרָט,
so that no individual deficiency be found, which begins from the individual and ends at the individual,
אֶלָּא הַהַתְחָלָה יוּכַל הֱיוֹת מִן הַפְּרָט,
Rather, the beginning can be from the particular,
אֲבָל הַסִּיּוּם הוּא בְּכָל הַכְּלָל כֻּלּוֹ.
But the completion is in the entire general principle, all of it.
וְלָכֵן נִמְצָא הַרְבֵּה אֲנָשִׁים, אֲשֶׁר אִם נִשְׁאַל אוֹתָם מִי גָּרַם שֶׁיֵּהָרֵס כָּל מַצָּבָם הָרוּחָנִי שֶׁלָּהֶם יַגִּידוּ לָנוּ אֲשֶׁר הַכֹּל תָּלוּי בְּפְרָט אֶחָד אֲשֶׁר קָשֶׁה לִפְרוֹשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ,
And therefore we find many people, that if we ask them who caused all their spiritual state to be destroyed, they will tell us that everything depends on one detail from which it is difficult to separate.
וְהִיא הִיא הַמִּדָּה הָרִאשׁוֹנִית לְכָל הַמִּדּוֹת כֻּלָּם.
And it is the primary middah for all the middos entirely.
וּבְעֵת שֶׁיַּחְשֹׁב אֹדוֹת תִּקּוּן מַצָּבוֹ,
And at the time he will think about rectifying his situation,
יִפֹּל מִיָּד בְּמַחֲשַׁבְתּוֹ פְּרָט הַזֶּה וּמִפָּנֶיהָ הוּא מִתְיָאֵשׁ מִכָּל הַחֲלָקִים כֻּלָּם,
Immediately this detail will fall into his thought, and because of it he despairs of all the parts entirely,
כִּי יוֹדֵעַ בְּעַצְמוֹ, שֶׁאֲפִילוּ אִם יַסְכִּים מֵאָה הַסְכָּמוֹת עַל כָּל הַמִּכְשׁוֹלִים כֻּלָּם,
For he knows within himself that even if he agrees to a hundred agreements concerning all the obstacles, all of them,
אֲבָל אִם יִפְגֹּם הַחֵלֶק הַזֶּה סוֹפוֹ שֶׁיִּגְרֹם הַחֵלֶק הַזֶּה לַהֲרוֹס כָּל הַחֲלָקִים כֻּלָּם,
But if this part becomes flawed, ultimately this part will cause all the other parts to be destroyed completely,
יַעַן כָּל הַמִּדּוֹת אֲחוּזִים זֶה בָּזֶה כְּטַבָּעוֹת בְּשַׁלְשֶׁלֶת וּכְאֲשֶׁר יִפֹּל הַטַּבַּעַת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה יִפְּלוּ כָּל הַטַּבָּעִיּוֹת כֻּלָּם,
Because all the middos are intertwined, one with the other, like links in a chain, and when the first link falls, all the links will fall entirely,
כְּמוֹ אִם יִקְנֶה אָדָם כּוֹבַע מְהֻדָּרָה עַל רֹאשׁוֹ הַפְּרָט הַזֶּה יִתְבַּע אוֹתוֹ שֶׁיִּקְנֶה גַּם כֵּן בְּגָדִים נָאִים וְיִגְרוֹר אוֹתוֹ אַחַר כָּךְ שֶׁיִּקְנֶה מִנְעָלַיִם יוֹתֵר טוֹבִים,
Just as if a person buys a fancy hat for his head, this detail will demand of him that he also buy nice clothes, and afterwards it will drag him to buy better shoes,
וְאַחַר כָּךְ יִגְרוֹר אוֹתוֹ שֶׁיִּקְנֶה מוֹרֶה שָׁעוֹת,
And afterwards, it will drag him to buy a clock,
וְאַחַר כָּךְ יִגְרוֹר לוֹ שֶׁיִּתְלַמֵּד מִדַּרְכֵיהֶם,
And afterwards, it will drag him to learn from their ways,
וְזֶה יִגְרֹם לוֹ שֶׁיִּפְרֹשׁ מִן הֶעָבָר שֶׁלּוֹ,
And this will cause him to separate from his past,
עַד שֶׁיָּכוֹל לְהִשָּׁאֵר עָרוּם מִכָּל הַתּוֹרָה כֻּלָּהּ.
until he can remain stripped of the entire Torah.
וְנִמְצָא כִּי כָּל הַמִּדּוֹת כּוּלָּם הֵם מְסַבְּבִים אֶחָד אֶת חֲבֵירוֹ וּמְסוּבָּבִים אֶחָד מִן חֲבֵירוֹ,
And it is found that all the middos, all of them, they cause one another and are caused by one another,
וְאֵין הָאָדָם יָכוֹל מִפְּנֵי זֶה לְוַתֵּר אַף חֵלֶק אֶחָד,
And a person cannot, because of this, give up even one part,
לֹא מִפְּנֵי אֲבֵידַת הַחֵלֶק לְבַד,
Not only because of the loss of one's portion,
אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי אֲבֵידַת הַכְּלָל כּוּלוֹ,
Rather, because of the loss of the entire collective,
וְכֵיוָן שֶׁיִּמְצָא הָאָדָם בְּעַצְמוֹ הַהַרְגָּשׁ הַזֶּה,
And once a person finds this feeling within himself,
יִפְתַּח לוֹ פֶּתַח תִּקְוָה גַּם כֵּן בְּדֶרֶךְ הַתִּקּוּן,
He will also open for himself a 'door of hope' (Hoshea 2:17) through the path of tikkun (rectification/improvement),
כִּי כְּמוֹ שֶׁמִּחוּט הַשַּׂעֲרָה שֶׁל מִדָּה אַחַת יָכוֹל לְקַלְקֵל אֶת כָּל הַמִּדּוֹת כֻּלָּם.
For just as a hairsbreadth of one middah can corrupt all the middos entirely.
כֵּן בַּצַּד הַשֵּׁנִי אִם הָאָדָם מְתַקֵּן חוּט הַשַּׂעֲרָה אַחַת,
So too, on the other side, if a person rectifies even one hairsbreadth,
הוֹלֵךְ הַתִּקּוּן הַזֶּה בְּכָל הַמִּדּוֹת כֻּלָּם,
This rectification proceeds through all the middos, all of them,
אֲשֶׁר בְּכֻלָּם יִשְׁמֹר כְּפִי מִדַּת הַתִּקּוּן הַזֶּה,
that in all of them he will guard according to the measure of this rectification,
וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְהַתְחִיל מִכָּל הַמִּדּוֹת כֻּלָּם,
And he does not need to begin from all the middos entirely,
אֶלָּא צָרִיךְ לְהִתְלַמֵּד שֶׁיְּהֵא יָכוֹל לַעֲשׂוֹת פְּעֻלָּה אַחַת שֶׁתְּהֵא טוֹבָה בְּכָל הַחֲלָקִים שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ,
Rather, one needs to learn so that he should be able to do one action that will be good in all the parts that are in it,
וְזֶה יִפְעַל עָלָיו אֲשֶׁר יִהְיֶ' יָכוֹל לַעֲשׂוֹת כֵּן בְּכוּלָּם.
And this will bring about for him that he will be able to do so with all of them.
We must constantly examine our middos with utmost honesty, like a skilled doctor diagnosing an illness, to ensure our spiritual 'medicine' is truly for us and not a 'poison.' It's easier to prevent a negative middah from entering our hearts than to expel it once it has taken root, so we should always strive for 'מלחמת מגן' - defensive warfare - in our avodah. Remember, even a small improvement in one middah can positively impact all others, giving us hope and a clear path for growth.