Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה
This chapter focuses on Rabbinic decrees enacted to protect the sanctity of Shabbos, specifically regarding the baking process and the use of bathhouses and hot water. The Sages instituted these restrictions to prevent people from inadvertently violating the Torah prohibitions of cooking and baking on Shabbos.
Learners will explore the specific guidelines for removing bread from an oven, the historical decrees surrounding bathhouses, and the detailed parameters of washing with hot water. The chapter also delineates the halachic boundaries of warming oneself, heating liquids, and using vessels of various halachic statuses near a heat source.
All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.
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רְדִיַּת הַפַּת מִן הַתַּנּוּר בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 1 · Removing Bread from an Oven on Shabbos and the Requirement to Deviate
רְדִיַּתRemovingהַפַּתthe breadאַףevenעַל·פִּיthoughשֶׁאֵינָהּthat it is notמְלָאכָהmelachaאָסְרוּforbadeאוֹתָהּitחֲכָמִיםthe Sagesשֶׁמָּאlestיָבוֹאhe will comeלֶאֱפוֹת.to bakeהַמַּדְבִּיקOne who sticksפַּתbreadבַּתַּנּוּרin the ovenמִבְּעוֹדfrom while yetיוֹםdayוְקָדַשׁand became holyעָלָיוuponהַיּוֹםthe dayמַצִּילhe may rescueמִמֶּנָּהfrom itמָזוֹןfood ofשָׁלֹשׁthreeסְעֻדּוֹתmealsוְאוֹמֵרand he saysלַאֲחֵרִיםto othersבּוֹאוּcomeוְהַצִּילוּand rescueלָכֶם.for yourselvesוְאַףand evenעַל·פִּיthoughשֶׁהָרְדִיָּהthat the removingאֵינָהּis notמְלָאכָהmelachaכְּשֶׁהוּאwhen heמַצִּילrescuesלֹאnotיִרְדֶּהshall he removeבְּמִרְדֶּהwith a baker's peelאֶלָּאbutבְּסַכִּיןwith a knifeכְּדֵיin orderלְשַׁנּוֹת:to deviate
This halacha discusses the Rabbinic prohibition of removing bread from an oven on Shabbos and the permissible way to rescue food for Shabbos meals using a shinui.
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אִסּוּר רְחִיצָה בְּחַמִּין וּכְנִיסָה לַמֶּרְחָץ בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 2 · The Prohibition of Bathing in Hot Water and Entering a Bathhouse on Shabbos
מִפְּנֵיBecause ofמָהwhatאָסְרוּdid they forbidחֲכָמִיםthe Sagesלִכָּנֵסto enterבַּמֶּרְחָץinto the bathhouseבְּשַׁבָּת.on Shabbosמִפְּנֵיbecause ofהַבַּלָּנִיןthe bath attendantsשֶׁהָיוּwho wereמְחִמִּיןheatingחַמִּיןhot waterבְּשַׁבָּתon Shabbosוְאוֹמְרִיןand sayingמֵעֶרֶבfrom the eve ofשַׁבָּתShabbosהוּחַמּוּ.they were heatedלְפִיכָךְthereforeגָּזְרוּthey decreedשֶׁלֹּאthat notיִכָּנֵסshall enterאָדָםa personלַמֶּרְחָץto the bathhouseבְּשַׁבָּתon Shabbosאֲפִלּוּevenלְהַזִּיעַ.to sweatוְגָזְרוּand they decreedשֶׁלֹּאthat notיִשְׁתַּטֵּףone may rinseכָּלall ofגּוּפוֹhis bodyבְּחַמִּיןwith hot waterוַאֲפִלּוּand evenבְּחַמִּיןwith hot waterשֶׁהוּחַמּוּthat was heatedמֵעֶרֶבfrom the eve ofשַׁבָּת.Shabbosאֲבָלbutפָּנָיוhis faceיָדָיוhis handsוְרַגְלָיוand his feetמֻתָּר.it is permittedבַּמֶּהIn whatדְּבָרִיםwordsאֲמוּרִיםare these saidבְּחַמֵּיwith hot water ofהָאוּרthe fireגְּזֵרָהa decreeמִשּׁוּםbecause ofמֶרְחָץ.the bathhouseאֲבָלbutבְּחַמֵּיwith the hot springs ofטְבֶרְיָאTiberiasוְכַיּוֹצֵאand similarבָּהֶןto themמֻתָּרit is permittedלְהִשְׁתַּטֵּףto rinseבָּהֶןin themכָּלall ofגּוּפוֹ.his bodyוְאָסוּרand it is forbiddenלִרְחֹץto batheבְּמַיִםin waterחַמִּיןhotשֶׁבַּמְּעָרוֹתthat is in the cavesמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהַמְּעָרָהthe caveיֵשׁthere isבָּהּin itהֶבֶלsteamוְיָבוֹאand he will comeלִידֵיto the hands ofזֵעָהsweatingוְנִמְצֵאתand it turns outכְּמֶרְחָץ:like a bathhouse
This halacha details the Rabbinic decrees enacted to prevent bathhouse attendants from heating water on Shabbos under false pretenses.
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דִּין רְחִיצָה בְּצוֹנֵן וְחִמּוּם הַגּוּף וְהַעֲבָרַת סִילוֹן בְּחַמִּיןHalacha 3 · Washing in Cold Water Before Warming Oneself and Running a Pipe Through Hot Water
מִתְחַמֵּםwarms himselfאָדָםa personכְּנֶגֶדoppositeהַמְּדוּרָהthe bonfireוְיוֹצֵאand goes outוּמִשְׁתַּטֵּףand rinsesכָּלall ofגּוּפוֹhis bodyבְּצוֹנֵן.in cold waterאֲבָלbutאֵינוֹhe may notמִשְׁתַּטֵּףrinseכָּלall ofגּוּפוֹhis bodyבְּצוֹנֵןin cold waterוּמִתְחַמֵּםand warm himselfכְּנֶגֶדoppositeהַמְּדוּרָהthe bonfireמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁמַּפְשִׁירhe makes lukewarmמַיִםthe waterשֶׁעָלָיוthat is upon himוְנִמְצָאand it turns outכְּרוֹחֵץlike one who washesכָּלall ofגּוּפוֹhis bodyבְּחַמִּין.in hot waterהַמֵּבִיאOne who bringsסִילוֹןa pipeשֶׁלofצוֹנֵןcold waterבְּתוֹךְinsideמַיִםhotחַמִּיןwaterאֲפִלּוּevenבְּתוֹךְinsideחַמֵּיthe hot springs ofטְבֶרְיָאTveryahהֲרֵיbeholdאֵלּוּtheseכְּחַמִּיןare like hot waterשֶׁהוּחַמּוּthat was heatedבְּשַׁבָּתon Shabbosוַאֲסוּרִיןand they are forbiddenבִּרְחִיצָהfor washingוּבִשְׁתִיָּה:and for drinking
This halacha details the Rabbinic restrictions against warming oneself after bathing in cold water to prevent the appearance of washing in hot water, and forbids using water heated on Shabbos via a pipe running through hot springs.
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דִּינֵי חִמּוּם מַיִם וְשֶׁמֶן כְּנֶגֶד הַמְּדוּרָה בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 4 · Warming Water and Oil Opposite a Fire on Shabbos
מֵבִיאbringsאָדָםa personקִיתוֹןa jugשֶׁלofמַיִםwaterוּמַנִּיחוֹand places itכְּנֶגֶדoppositeהַמְּדוּרָהthe bonfireלֹאnotבִּשְׁבִילfor the sakeשֶׁיֵּחַמּוּthat they will be warmedאֶלָּאbutכְּדֵיin orderשֶׁתָּפוּגthat will dissipateצִנָּתָן.their chillוְכֵןand likewiseמַנִּיחַone may placeפַּךְa flaskשֶׁלofשֶׁמֶןoilכְּנֶגֶדoppositeהַמְּדוּרָהthe bonfireכְּדֵיin orderשֶׁיִּפְשַׁרthat it will become lukewarmלֹאnotשֶׁיֵּחַם.that it will be heatedוְסָךְand anointsאָדָםa personיָדוֹhis handבְּמַיִםwith waterאוֹorבְּשֶׁמֶןwith oilוּמְחַמֵּםand warms itכְּנֶגֶדoppositeהַמְּדוּרָה.the bonfireוְהוּאand this isשֶׁלֹּאprovided that notיֵחַמּוּwill be warmedהַמַּיִםthe waterשֶׁעַלthat is onיָדוֹhis handעַדuntilשֶׁתְּהֵאthat would beכְּרֵסוֹthe bellyשֶׁלofתִּינוֹקan infantנִכְוֵיתscaldedבָּהֶן.by themוּמְחַמֵּםand one may warmבֶּגֶדa clothוּמַנִּיחוֹand place itעַלonגַּבֵּיtop ofמֵעַיִםthe stomachבְּשַׁבָּת:on Shabbos
This halacha delineates the permissible ways to take the chill off liquids and warm one's hands or a cloth by a fire on Shabbos without violating the prohibition of cooking.
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אִסּוּר נְתִינַת מַיִם צוֹנְנִין לְתוֹךְ אַמְבְּטִי חַמָּה בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 5 · The Prohibition of Placing Cold Water or Oil into a Hot Bathhouse Tub on Shabbos
אַמְבְּטִיA tubשֶׁלofמֶרְחָץa bathhouseשֶׁהִיאthat isמְלֵאָהfilled withמַיִםwaterחַמִּיםhotאֵיןwe do notנוֹתְנִיןplaceלָהּinto itמַיִםwaterצוֹנֵןcoldשֶׁהֲרֵיbecauseמְחַמְּמָןit heats themהַרְבֵּה.muchוְכֵןand soלֹאnotיִתֵּןshall one placeלְתוֹכָהּinto itפַּךְa flaskשֶׁלofשֶׁמֶןoilמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהוּאit isכִּמְבַשְּׁלוֹ.like cooking itאֲבָלbutנוֹתֵןplacesהוּאheמַיִםwaterחַמִּיןhotלְתוֹךְintoאַמְבְּטִיa tubשֶׁלofצוֹנֵן:cold
This halacha discusses the Rabbinic restrictions on heating cold water or oil in a hot bathhouse tub, and the permission to pour hot water into cold.
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דִּינֵי בִּשּׁוּל מַיִם וְתַבְלִין בִּכְלִי רִאשׁוֹן וְשֵׁנִיHalacha 6 · Laws of Cooking Water and Spices in First and Second Vessels
מֵיחַםAn urnשֶׁפִּנָּהthat one emptiedמִמֶּנּוּfrom itמַיִםwaterחַמִּיןhotמֻתָּרit is permittedלִתֵּןto placeלְתוֹכוֹinto itמַיִםwaterצוֹנֵןcoldכְּדֵיin orderלְהַפְשִׁירָן.to lukewarm themוּמֻתָּרand it is permittedלִצֹּקto pourמַיִםwaterחַמִּיןhotלְתוֹךְintoמַיִםwaterצוֹנֵןcoldאוֹorצוֹנֵןcoldלְתוֹךְintoהַחַמִּיןthe hotוְהוּאand thisשֶׁלֹּאis provided thatיִהְיוּthey are notבִּכְלִיin a vesselרִאשׁוֹןfirstמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהוּאthat itמְחַמְּמָןheats themהַרְבֵּה.muchוְכֵןand soקְדֵרָהa potרוֹתַחַתboilingאַףevenעַל·פִּיthoughשֶׁהוֹרִידָהּthat one took it downמֵעַלfrom uponהָאֵשׁthe fireלֹאone may notיִתֵּןplaceלְתוֹכָהּinto itתַּבְלִיןspicesאֲבָלbutנוֹתֵןone may placeלְתוֹכָהּinto itמֶלַחsaltשֶׁהַמֶּלַחsince the saltאֵינוֹis notמִתְבַּשֵּׁלcookedאֶלָּאexceptעַלuponגַּבֵּי·אֵשׁfireגְּדוֹלָה.greatוְאִםand ifיָצַקone pouredהַתַּבְשִׁילthe cooked foodמִקְּדֵרָהfrom a potלִקְעָרָהinto a bowlאַףevenעַל·פִּיthoughשֶׁהוּאthat itרוֹתֵחַis boilingבַּקְּעָרָהin the bowlמֻתָּרit is permittedלוֹfor himלִתֵּןto placeלְתוֹךְintoהַקְּעָרָהthe bowlתַּבְלִיןspicesשֶׁכְּלִיsince a vesselשֵׁנִיsecondאֵינוֹdoes notמְבַשֵּׁל:cook
This halacha delineates the boundaries of cooking on Shabbos regarding first and second vessels, specifically concerning water, spices, and salt.
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אִסּוּר שְׁרִיַּת חִלְתִּית בְּשַׁבָּת וְהַהֶתֵּר לְחוֹלֶהHalacha 7 · The Prohibition of Soaking Chiltit on Shabbos and the Leniency for One Who is Ill
אֵיןWe do notשׁוֹרִיןsoakאֶת—הַחִלְתִּיתthe chiltitבֵּיןwhetherבְּפוֹשְׁרִיןin lukewarm waterבֵּיןwhetherבְּצוֹנֵןin cold waterאֲבָלbutשׁוֹרֶהone may soakאוֹתוֹitבְּתוֹךְinsideהַחֹמֶץ.the vinegarוְאִםand ifשָׁתָהוּhe drank itבְּיוֹםon dayחֲמִישִׁיfifthוְשִׁשִּׁיand sixthהֲרֵיbeholdזֶהthis oneשׁוֹרֶהmay soakבְּשַׁבָּתon Shabbosבְּצוֹנֵןin cold waterוּמַנִּיחוֹand place itבַּחַמָּהin the sunעַדuntilשֶׁיֵּחַםthat it warmsוְשׁוֹתֶה.and drinkכְּדֵיin orderשֶׁלֹּאthat notיֶחֱלֶהhe will become illאִםifפָּסַקhe ceasedמִלִּשְׁתּוֹת:from drinking
The Sages prohibited soaking the medicinal herb chiltit in water on Shabbos, but permitted it for someone who began a course of drinking it before Shabbos and might become ill if he stops.
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דָּבָר שֶׁנִּתְבַּשֵּׁל מִלִּפְנֵי הַשַּׁבָּת וְדָבָר הַצּוֹנֵן מֵעִקָּרוֹHalacha 8 · Reheating Cooked Foods and Rinsing Cold Foods on Shabbos
דָּבָרAn itemשֶׁנִתְבַּשֵּׁלthat was cookedקֹדֶםbeforeהַשַּׁבָּתthe Shabbosאוֹorנִשְׁרָהwas soakedבְּחַמִּיןin hot waterמִלִּפְנֵיfrom beforeהַשַּׁבָּתthe Shabbosאַףevenעַל·פִּיthoughשֶׁהוּאthat it isעַכְשָׁוnowצוֹנֵןcoldמֻתָּרit is permittedלִשְׁרוֹתוֹto soak itבְּחַמִּיןin hot waterבְּשַׁבָּת.on Shabbosוְדָבָרand an itemשֶׁהוּאthat isצוֹנֵןcoldמֵעִקָּרוֹfrom its beginningוְלֹאand did notבָּאcomeבְּחַמִּיןinto hot waterמֵעוֹלָםeverמְדִיחִיןone may rinseאוֹתוֹitבְּחַמִּיןwith hot waterבְּשַׁבָּתon Shabbosאִםifלֹאnotהָיְתָהwasהֲדָחָתוֹits rinsingגְּמַרthe completion ofמְלַאכְתּוֹits melachaאֲבָלbutאֵיןone may notשׁוֹרִיןsoakאוֹתוֹitבְּחַמִּין:in hot water
This halacha delineates the rules of reheating previously cooked or soaked foods on Shabbos, as well as the conditions under which cold raw foods may be rinsed with hot water.
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הֶתֵּר חִמּוּם בַּחַמָּה וְצִנּוּן מַיִם וְתַבְשִׁילHalacha 9 · Permissibility of Heating in the Sun and Cooling Water or Cooked Food
מֻתָּרIt is permittedלְהָחֵםto heatבַּחַמָּהin the sunאַףevenעַל·פִּיthoughשֶׁאָסוּרthat it is forbiddenלְהָחֵםto heatבְּתוֹלְדוֹתwith derivatives ofחַמָּהthe sunשֶׁאֵינוֹfor he is notבָּאgoingלִטְעוֹתto errמֵחַמָּהfrom the sunלְאוּר.to fireלְפִיכָךְthereforeמֻתָּרit is permittedלִתֵּןto placeמַיִםwaterצוֹנֵןcoldבַּשֶּׁמֶשׁin the sunכְּדֵיin orderשֶׁיֵּחַמּוּ.that they will warmוְכֵןand similarlyנוֹתְנִיןwe may placeמַיִםwaterיָפִיםpleasantלְתוֹךְintoמַיִםwaterרָעִיםbadבִּשְׁבִילfor the sakeשֶׁיֵּצַנּוּ.that they will coolוְנוֹתְנִיןand we may placeתַּבְשִׁילcooked foodלְתוֹךְintoהַבּוֹרthe cisternבִּשְׁבִילfor the sakeשֶׁיְּהֵאthat it will beשָׁמוּר:preserved
This halacha explains that heating directly in the sun is permitted because there is no concern of confusing it with fire, and it also permits cooling water and food through natural means.
הל׳ י
הֲכָנַת מֵי מֶלַח וּמְלִיחַת יְרָקוֹת בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 10 · Preparing Salt Water and Salting Vegetables on Shabbos
מְעָרֵבmixesאָדָםa personמַיִםwaterוּמֶלַחand saltוְשֶׁמֶןand oilוְטוֹבֵלand dipsבּוֹin itפִּתּוֹhis breadאוֹorנוֹתְנוֹputs itלְתוֹךְintoהַתַּבְשִׁיל.the cooked foodוְהוּאand thisשֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂהprovided that he makesמְעַטa small amountאֲבָלbutהַרְבֵּהa large amountאָסוּרis forbiddenמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁנִּרְאֶהthat it appearsכְּעוֹשֶׂהlike one who performsמְלָאכָהmelachaמִמְּלֶאכֶתfrom the labors ofהַתַּבְשִׁיל.the cooked foodוְכֵןand likewiseלֹאnotיַעֲשֶׂהshall he makeמֵיwater ofמֶלַחsaltעַזִּיןstrongוְהֵןand theyשְׁנֵיare twoשְׁלִישֵׁיthirdsמֶלַחsaltוּשְׁלִישׁand one thirdמַיִםwaterמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁנִּרְאֶהthat it appearsכְּעוֹשֶׂהlike one who makesמוּרְיָס.fish brineוּמֻתָּרand it is permittedלִמְלֹחַto saltבֵּיצָהan eggאֲבָלbutצְנוֹןa radishוְכַיּוֹצֵאand the likeבּוֹof itאָסוּרis forbiddenמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁנִּרְאֶהthat it appearsכְּכוֹבֵשׁlike one who picklesכְּבָשִׁיםpickled foodsבְּשַׁבָּתon Shabbosוְהַכּוֹבֵשׁand picklingאָסוּרis forbiddenמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהוּאthat it isכִּמְבַשֵּׁל.like cookingוּמֻתָּרand it is permittedלִטְבּלto dipצְנוֹןa radishוְכַיּוֹצֵאand the likeבּוֹof itבְּמֶלַחin saltוְאוֹכֵל:and eat
This halacha details the Rabbinic restrictions on preparing salt water mixtures and salting vegetables on Shabbos due to their resemblance to cooking and pickling.
הל׳ יא
תַּעֲרֹבֶת מַאֲכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִין שֶׁאֵינָם רְאוּיִם לִבְרִיאִים בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 11 · Mixing Foods and Drinks Not Fit for Healthy People on Shabbos
מֻתָּרIt is permittedלְעָרֵבto mixיַיִןwineוּדְבַשׁand honeyוּפִלְפְּלִיןand peppersבְּשַׁבָּתon Shabbosלְאָכְלָןto eat themאֲבָלbutיַיִןwineוּמַיִםand waterוְשֶׁמֶןand oil ofאֲפַרְסְמוֹןbalsamאָסוּרis forbiddenשֶׁאֵיןbecause notזֶהthisרָאוּיis fitלַאֲכִילַתfor the eating ofבְּרִיאִים.healthy peopleוְכֵןand soכָּלallכַּיּוֹצֵאthat is similarבָּזֶה:to this
This halacha defines which mixtures of food and drink are permitted to be combined on Shabbos based on whether they are fit for consumption by healthy people.
הל׳ יב
הֲכָנַת חַרְדָּל, שַׁחֲלַיִם, וְשׁוּם בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 12 · Preparing Mustard, Cress, and Garlic on Shabbos
חַרְדָּלMustardשֶׁלָּשׁוֹthat one kneadedמֵעֶרֶבfrom the eve ofשַׁבָּתShabbosלְמָחָרon the morrowמְמַחוֹone may blend itבֵּיןwhetherבְּיָדby handבֵּיןwhetherבִּכְלִיwith a utensilוְנוֹתֵןand one may putלְתוֹכוֹinto itדְּבַשׁhoneyוְלֹאand notיִטְרֹףmay he beatאֶלָּאbutמְעָרֵב.mixשַׁחֲלַיִםcressשֶׁטְּרָפָןthat one beatמֵעֶרֶבfrom the eve ofשַׁבָּתShabbosלְמָחָרon the morrowנוֹתֵןone may putלְתוֹכוֹinto itשֶׁמֶןoilוְחֹמֶץand vinegarוְתַבְלִיןand spicesוְלֹאand notיִטְרֹףmay he beatאֶלָּאbutמְעָרֵב.mixשׁוּםgarlicשֶׁרִסְּקוֹthat one crushedמֵעֶרֶבfrom the eve ofשַׁבָּתShabbosלְמָחָרon the morrowנוֹתְנוֹone may put itלְתוֹךְintoהַגְּרִיסִיןthe groatsוְלֹאand notיִשְׁחֹקmay he grindאֶלָּאbutמְעָרֵב:mix
This halacha discusses the permitted methods of mixing and blending pre-kneaded foods on Shabbos without violating the prohibitions of kneading or grinding.
הל׳ יג
אִסּוּר הֲסָרַת שֵׂעָר בְּשַׁבָּת וּרְחִיצַת יָדַיִם בְּחֹמֶר הַמַּשִּׁיר שֵׂעָרHalacha 13 · The Prohibition of Removing Hair on Shabbos and Washing Hands with Hair-Removing Substances
הַנּוֹטֵלOne who removesשֵׂעָרhairמִגּוּףfrom the body ofהָאָדָםthe personחַיָּבis liableמִשּׁוּםbecause ofגּוֹזֵז.shearingלְפִיכָךְThereforeאָסוּרit is forbiddenלִרְחֹץto washאֶת—הַיָּדַיִםthe handsבִּדְבַרwith a substanceשֶׁמַּשִּׁירthat removesאֶת—הַשֵּׂעָרthe hairוַדַּאיdefinitelyכְּגוֹןsuch asאָהֳלָהohalohוְכַיּוֹצֵאand similarבּוֹ.to itוּמֻתָּרAnd it is permittedלָחֹףto cleanseאֶת—הַיָּדַיִםthe handsבַּעֲפַרwith powder ofלְבוֹנָהfrankincenseוַעֲפַרand powder ofפִּלְפְּלִיןpeppersוַעֲפַרand powder ofיַסְמִיןjasmineוְכַיּוֹצֵאand similarבָּהֶןto themוְאֵינוֹand he does notחוֹשֵׁשׁworryשֶׁמָּאlestיַשִּׁירit will removeשֵׂעָרhairשֶׁעַלthat is onיָדוֹhis handשֶׁהֲרֵיfor beholdאֵינוֹhe does notמִתְכַּוֵּן.intendעֵרֵבIf one mixedדָּבָרa substanceשֶׁמַּשִּׁירthat removesאֶת—הַשֵּׂעָרthe hairוַדַּאיdefinitelyעִםwithדָּבָרa substanceשֶׁאֵינוֹthat does notמַשִּׁירremoveוַדַּאיdefinitelyאִםifהָיָהwasהָרֹבthe majorityמִדָּבָרfrom the substanceהַמַּשִּׁירthat removesאָסוּרit is forbiddenלָחֹףto cleanseבּוֹwith itוְאִםand ifלָאוnotמֻתָּר:it is permitted
This halacha discusses the derivative of shearing (gozez) regarding human hair, and the prohibition of washing with substances that will definitely remove hair unless they are mixed with a majority of non-removing substances.
הל׳ יד
אִסּוּר הִסְתַּכְּלוּת בְּמַרְאָה שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 14 · The Prohibition of Looking in a Metal Mirror on Shabbos
אָסוּרIt is forbiddenלִרְאוֹתto lookבְּמַרְאָהin a mirrorשֶׁלofמַתֶּכֶתmetalבְּשַׁבָּתon Shabbosגְּזֵרָהa decreeשֶׁמָּאlestיַשִּׁירone will removeבָּהּwith itנִימִיןstrandsהַמְדֻלְדָּלִיןthat are hangingמִןfromהַשֵּׂעָרthe hairוַאֲפִלּוּand evenקָבוּעַfixedבַּכֹּתֶל.on the wallאֲבָלbutמַרְאָהa mirrorשֶׁאֵינָהּthat is notשֶׁלofמַתֶּכֶתmetalמֻתָּרit is permittedלִרְאוֹתto lookבָּהּin itאֲפִלּוּevenאֵינָהּit is notקְבוּעָה:fixed
The Sages prohibited looking into a metal mirror on Shabbos to prevent one from using its sharp edge to cut off loose hairs.
הל׳ טו
אִסּוּר כְּבִיסָה וּסְחִיטָה בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 15 · The Prohibition of Laundering and Squeezing Fabrics on Shabbos
הַמְכַבֵּסOne who laundersחַיָּבis liableמִשּׁוּםbecause ofמְלַבֵּן.whiteningוְהַסּוֹחֵטand one who wrings outכְּסוּתa garmentחַיָּבis liableמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהוּאit isמְכַבֵּס.launderingלְפִיכָךְThereforeאָסוּרit is forbiddenלִדְחֹקto pressמַטְלִיתa clothאוֹorמוֹךְunprocessed fabricוְכַיּוֹצֵאand the likeבָּהֶןwith themבְּפִיinto the mouth ofהָאֲשִׁישָׁהthe flaskוְכַיּוֹצֵאand the likeבָּהּwith itכְּדֵיin orderלְסָתְמָהּto plug itשֶׁמָּאlestיָבֹאhe will comeלִידֵיto the hands ofסְחִיטָה.squeezingוְאֵיןAnd we do notמְקַנְּחִיןwipeבִּסְפוֹגwith a spongeאֶלָּאunlessאִם·כֵּן·יֵשׁthere isלוֹto itבֵּיתa place ofאֲחִיזָהholdingשֶׁלֹּאso that notיִסְחֹט.he will squeezeוְאֵיןAnd we do notמְכַסִּיןcoverחָבִיתa jugשֶׁלofמַיִםwaterוְכַיּוֹצֵאand the likeבָּהּwith itבְּבֶגֶדwith a garmentשֶׁאֵינוֹthat is notמוּכָןdesignatedלָהּfor itגְּזֵרָהa decreeשֶׁמָּאlestיִסְחֹט:he will squeeze
This halacha details the Torah prohibition of laundering and its derivative of squeezing, along with Rabbinic decrees enacted to prevent accidental squeezing.
הל׳ טז
הַצָּלַת מַשְׁקִין מֵחָבִית שֶׁנִּשְׁבְּרָה בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 16 · Saving Leaking Liquids from a Broken Cask on Shabbos
נִשְׁבְּרָהIf brokeלוֹfor himחָבִיתa caskבְּשַׁבָּתon Shabbosמַצִּילhe may saveמִמֶּנָּהfrom itמַהwhatשֶּׁהוּא·צָרִיךְhe needsלְשַׁבָּתfor Shabbosלוֹfor himselfוּלְאוֹרְחָיוand for his guestsוּבִלְבַדprovidedשֶׁלֹּאthat notיִסְפֹּגhe sponges upבְּיַיִןwith wineאוֹorיְטַפַּחscoops upבְּשֶׁמֶןwith oilשֶׁאִםfor ifיַעֲשֶׂהhe doesכְּדֶרֶךְlike the wayשֶׁהוּאthat heעוֹשֶׂהdoesבְּחלon a weekdayשֶׁמָּאperhapsיָבוֹאhe will comeלִידֵיto the hands ofסְחִיטָה.squeezingוְכֵיצַדAnd howמַצִּילdoes he saveמִמֶּנָּה.from itמֵבִיאHe bringsכְּלִיa containerוּמַנִּיחַand placesתַּחְתֶּיהָ.under itוְלֹאand notיָבִיאshall he bringכְּלִיa containerאַחֵרanotherוְיִקְלֹטand catchכְּלִיa containerאַחֵרanotherוִיצָרֵףand combineגְּזֵרָהa decreeשֶׁמָּאlestיָבִיאhe will bringכְּלִיa containerדֶּרֶךְby way ofרְשׁוּתthe domain ofהָרַבִּים.the publicנִזְדַּמְּנוּIf there happened to arriveלוֹfor himאוֹרְחִיםguestsמֵבִיאhe may bringכְּלִיa containerאַחֵרanotherוְקוֹלֵטand catchכְּלִיa containerאַחֵרanotherוּמְצָרְפוֹand combine itלָרִאשׁוֹן.with the firstוְלֹאand notיִקְלֹטshall he catchוְאַחַרand afterכָּךְthatיַזְמִיןinviteאֶלָּאratherיַזְמִיןhe should inviteוְאַחַרand afterכָּךְthatיִקְלֹט.catchוְאִםand ifהֶעֱרִיםhe acted with guileבְּדָבָרin thisזֶהmatterמֻתָּר:it is permitted
This halacha details the Rabbinic restrictions on saving wine or oil from a broken cask on Shabbos to prevent squeezing or carrying in the public domain.
הל׳ יז
הֲסָרַת טִיט מִן הַבֶּגֶד וְאִסּוּר כִּבּוּס בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 17 · Removing Mud from Garments and the Prohibition of Laundering on Shabbos
טִיטMudשֶׁעַלthat is onגַּבֵּיthe surface ofבִּגְדוֹhis garmentמְכַסְכְּסוֹhe may rub itמִבִּפְנִיםfrom the insideוְאֵינוֹbut he may notמְכַסְכְּסוֹrub itמִבַּחוּץfrom the outsideגְּזֵרָהa decreeשֶׁמָּאlestיְכַבֵּס.he will launderוּמֻתָּרand it is permittedלְגָרְדוֹto scrape itבְּצִפֹּרֶןwith a nailוְאֵינוֹand he does notחוֹשֵׁשׁworryשֶׁמָּאlestיְלַבְּנוֹ.he will whiten itהַמְכַסְכֵּסOne who rubsאֶת—הַסּוּדָרthe scarfאָסוּרit is forbiddenמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהוּאthat heמְלַבְּנוֹwhitens itאֲבָלbutהֶחָלוּקthe cloakמֻתָּרis permittedמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁאֵיןthat notכַּוָּנָתוֹhis intentionאֶלָּאexceptלְרַכְּכוֹ:to soften it
This halacha details the permissible ways to remove mud from a garment on Shabbos without violating the prohibition of laundering.
הל׳ יח
דִּינֵי נִקּוּי מִנְעָלִים וּבְגָדִים מִלִּכְלוּךְ בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 18 · Laws of Cleaning Shoes and Garments from Dirt on Shabbos
מִנְעָלA shoeאוֹorסַנְדָּלa sandalשֶׁנִּתְלַכְלֵךְthat became soiledבְּטִיטwith mudוּבְצוֹאָהor with excrementמֻתָּרit is permittedלְשַׁכְשְׁכוֹto rinse itבְּמַיִםin waterאֲבָלbutלְכַבְּסוֹto wash itאָסוּר.is forbiddenוְאֵיןAnd we do notמְגָרְדִּיןscrapeלֹאneitherמִנְעָלִיםshoesוְלֹאnorסַנְדָּלִיםsandalsחֲדָשִׁיםthat are newאֲבָלbutסָכִיןwe may smearאוֹתָםthemוּמְקַנְּחִיןand we may wipeאֶת—הַיְשָׁנִים.the old onesכַּרA pillowאוֹorכֶּסֶתa blanketשֶׁהָיָהthat there wasעֲלֵיהֶןupon themצוֹאָהexcrementאוֹorטִנּוּףfilthמְקַנְּחוֹone may wipe itבִּסְמַרְטוּט.with a ragוְאִםand ifהָיְתָהit wasעַלofשֶׁל·עוֹרleatherנוֹתְנִיןwe may pourעָלֶיהָupon itמַיִםwaterעַדuntilשֶׁתִּכְלֶה:it is removed
This halacha details the permissible and forbidden methods of cleaning soiled shoes, sandals, pillows, and leather items on Shabbos.
הל׳ יט
נִקּוּי הַיָּדַיִם מִטִּיט בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 19 · Cleaning Soiled Hands on Shabbos and the Rabbinic Safeguard Against Laundering
מִיOneשֶׁנִּתְלַכְלְכָהwhoseיָדוֹhandבְּטִיטbecame soiledמְקַנְּחָהּmay wipe itבִּזְנַבwith the tail ofהַסּוּסthe horseוּבִזְנַבand with the tail ofהַפָּרָהthe cowוּבְמַפָּהand with a clothהַקָּשָׁהthat is stiffהָעֲשׂוּיָהmadeלֶאֱחֹזto holdבָּהּwith itהַקּוֹצִים.the thornsאֲבָלbutלֹאnotבְּמַפָּהwith a clothשֶׁמְּקַנְּחִיןthat they wipeבָּהּwith itאֶת—הַיָּדַיִםthe handsשֶׁלֹּאso that notיַעֲשֶׂהhe will doכְּדֶרֶךְlike the wayשֶׁהוּאthat heעוֹשֶׂהdoesבְּחלon a weekdayוְיָבוֹאand comeלְכַבֵּסto launderאֶת—הַמַּפָּה:the cloth
This halacha discusses the permissible materials for wiping mud from one's hands on Shabbos to avoid the prohibition of laundering.
הל׳ כ
דִּינֵי סְחִיטָה וּמַרְאִית הָעַיִן בְּבִגְדֵי שַׁבָּתHalacha 20 · Laws of Wringing and the Appearance of Impropriety Regarding Wet Garments on Shabbos
מִיOneשֶׁרָחַץwho washedבְּמַיִםin waterמִסְתַּפֵּגmay dry himselfבַּאֲלֻנְטִיתוֹwith his towelוּמְבִיאָהּand bring itבְּיָדוֹin his handוְאֵיןand we do notחוֹשְׁשִׁיןsuspectשֶׁמָּאlestיִסְחֹט.he will wringוְכֵןAnd soמִיoneשֶׁנָּשְׁרוּwhose fellכֵּלָיוhis garmentsבְּמַיִםinto waterמְהַלֵּךְmay walkבָּהֶןin themוְאֵיןand we do notחוֹשְׁשִׁיןsuspectשֶׁמָּאlestיִסְחֹט.he will wringוְאָסוּרBut it is forbiddenלוֹfor himלְשָׁטְחָןto spread them outוַאֲפִלּוּand evenבְּתוֹךְinsideבֵּיתוֹhis houseגְּזֵרָהas a decreeשֶׁמָּאlestיֹאמַרwill sayהָרוֹאֶהthe onlookerהֲרֵיbeholdזֶהthis oneכִּבֵּסlaunderedכְּסוּתוֹhis garmentבְּשַׁבָּתon Shabbosוּשְׁטָחָהּand spread itלְיַבְּשָׁהּ.to dry itוְכָלAnd everyמָקוֹםplaceשֶׁאָסְרוּthat forbadeחֲכָמִיםthe Sagesמִפְּנֵיbecause ofמַרְאִיתappearance ofהָעַיִןthe eyeאֲפִלּוּevenבְּחַדְרֵיin the innermostחֲדָרִיםchambersאָסוּר:it is forbidden
This halacha discusses the permissibility of using a towel and wearing wet clothes on Shabbos, alongside the Rabbinic prohibition of hanging wet garments to dry due to maris ayin.
הל׳ כא
חִבּוּר מִקְוָאוֹת וּסְתִימַת בִּיב בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 21 · Connecting Mikvaot and Plugging a Drain on Shabbos
שְׁתֵּיTwoמְטַהְרוֹתmikvaotזוֹthisעַלonגַּבtop ofזוֹthisנוֹטֵלone may removeאֶת—הַפְּקָקthe plugמִבֵּינְתַיִםfrom between themוּמְשִׁיקָןand connect themוּמַחֲזִירand returnאֶת—הַפְּקָקthe plugלִמְקוֹמוֹto its placeמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁאֵינוֹthat he does notבָּאcomeלִידֵיtoסְחִיטָהsqueezingשֶׁהֲרֵיsinceדַּעְתּוֹhis intent isשֶׁיֵּצְאוּthat should flow outהַמַּיִם.the waterוּפוֹקְקִיןAnd one may plugאֶת—הַבִּיבthe drainבְּסוּדָרִיןwith clothsוּבְכָלand with anyדָּבָרarticleהַמִּטַּלְטֵלthat is carryableכְּדֵיsoשֶׁלֹּאthat notיָצוּפוּwill inundateהַמַּיִםthe waterעַלoverהָאֳכָלִיםthe foodוְעַלand overהַכֵּלִים.the utensilsאֲבָלbutאֵיןone may notפּוֹקְקִיןplugאֶת—הַבִּיבthe drainכְּדֵיsoשֶׁיֵּרְדוּthat will descendהַמַּיִםthe waterלַבּוֹרinto the cisternשֶׁמָּאlestיִסְחֹטhe will squeezeבְּעֵתat the timeשֶׁדּוֹחֵקthat he pressesשֶׁהֲרֵיsinceהַפְּקָקthe plugשָׁרוּיis soakedבְּמַיִם:in water
This halacha discusses the permissibility of connecting two mikvaot and the restrictions on plugging a drain to prevent flooding versus directing water flow.
הל׳ כב
אִסּוּר קִפּוּל בְּגָדִים וְתִקּוּן שַׁרְווּלִים בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 22 · The Prohibition of Folding Garments and Adjusting Sleeves on Shabbos
אָסוּרIt is forbiddenלְתַקֵּןto fixבֵּיתthe house ofיָדhandשֶׁלofבְּגָדִיםgarmentsוּלְשַׁבְּרָםand to break themשְׁבָרִיםinto foldsשְׁבָרִיםupon foldsכְּדֶרֶךְlike the wayשֶׁמְּתַקְּנִיןthat they fixבְּחלon weekdaysהַבְּגָדִיםthe garmentsכְּשֶׁמְּכַבְּסִיןwhen they washאוֹתָן.themוְכֵןand soאֵיןwe do notמְקַפְּלִיםfoldהַבְּגָדִיםthe garmentsבְּשַׁבָּתon Shabbosכְּדֶרֶךְlike the wayשֶׁעוֹשִׂיןthat they doבְּחלon weekdaysבַּבְּגָדִיםwith garmentsכְּשֶׁיְּכַבְּסוּwhen they washאוֹתָן.themוְאִםand ifלֹאnotהָיָהthere wasלוֹto himכְּלִיa garmentאַחֵרanotherלְהַחֲלִיפוֹto change itמֻתָּרit is permittedלְקַפְּלוֹto fold itוּלְפָשְׁטוֹand to stretch it outוּלְהִתְכַּסּוֹתand to clothe oneselfבּוֹin itכְּדֵיin orderשֶׁיִּתְנָאֶהthat he will be beautifiedבּוֹin itבְּשַׁבָּת.on Shabbosוְהוּאand thisשֶׁיִּהְיֶהis on condition that it isבֶּגֶדa garmentחָדָשׁnewלָבָןwhiteשֶׁהֲרֵיfor beholdהוּאitמִתְמַעֵךְbecomes creasedוּמִתְלַכְלֵךְand becomes soiledמִיָּד.immediatelyוּכְשֶׁיְּקַפֵּלand when he foldsלֹאnotיְקַפֵּלshall he foldאֶלָּאexceptאִישׁa personאֶחָדoneאֲבָלbutלְקַפֵּלto foldבִּשְׁנַיִםby two peopleאָסוּר:is forbidden
This halacha details the Rabbinic restrictions against folding garments and arranging cuffs on Shabbos, which resemble laundering and preparing for the weekday.
הל׳ כג
אִסּוּר צְבִיעָה וּתְפִירָה בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 23 · The Prohibitions of Dyeing and Sewing on Shabbos
הַצּוֹבֵעַDyeingמֵאֲבוֹתis from the primary categoriesמְלָאכוֹתof laborלְפִיכָךְthereforeאָסוּרit is forbiddenלְאִשָּׁהfor a womanלְהַעֲבִירto applyסְרָקrougeעַלuponפָּנֶיהָher faceמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהִיאthat sheכְּצוֹבַעַת.is like dyeingוְהַתּוֹפֵרAnd sewingמֵאֲבוֹתis from the primary categoriesמְלָאכוֹתof laborלְפִיכָךְthereforeאָסוּרit is forbiddenלְמַלְּאוֹתto fillהַכַּרthe pillowוְהַכֶּסֶתand the blanketהַחֲדָשִׁיםthe new onesבְּמוֹכִיןwith stuffingגְּזֵרָהa decreeשֶׁמָּאlestיִתְפֹּר.he will sewאֲבָלbutמוֹכִיןstuffingשֶׁנָּשְׁרוּthat fell outמִןfromהַכַּרthe pillowאוֹorמִןfromהַכֶּסֶתthe blanketמַחְזִירִיןwe may returnאוֹתָןthemבְּשַׁבָּת:on Shabbos
This halacha discusses the prohibitions of dyeing and sewing, including the Rabbinic restrictions on applying makeup and filling new pillows.
הל׳ כד
דִּין קוֹרֵעַ שֶׁלֹּא בְּכַוָּנָה וּלְבִישַׁת בְּגָדִים חֲדָשִׁיםHalacha 24 · The Prohibition of Tearing and Unintentional Tearing of Garments on Shabbos
הַקּוֹרֵעַOne who tearsמֵאֲבוֹתis from the primary categoriesמְלָאכוֹת.of melachaלְפִיכָךְthereforeמִיoneשֶׁנִּסְתַּבְּכוּwhoseבְּגָדָיוgarmentsבְּקוֹצִיםbecame entangledמַפְרִישָׁןin thornsבְּצִנְעָהseparates themוּמִתְמַהְמֵהַּmodestlyכְּדֵיand slowlyשֶׁלֹּאin orderיִקְרַע.that notוְאִםthey will tearנִקְרְעוּand ifאֵינוֹthey toreחַיָּבhe is notכְּלוּםliableשֶׁהֲרֵיanythingלֹאfor beholdנִתְכַּוִּן.notוּמֻתָּרdid he intendלִלְבּשׁand it is permittedבְּגָדִיםto wearחֲדָשִׁיםgarmentsוְאִםnewנִקְרְעוּand ifנִקְרְעוּ.they toreפּוֹצְעִיןthey toreאֶתwe may crackהָאֱגוֹז—בְּמַטְלִיתthe nutוְאֵיןin a clothחוֹשְׁשִׁיןand we do notשֶׁמָּאworryתִּקָּרַע:lest
This halacha discusses the melacha of tearing and clarifies that unintentional tearing while separating clothes from thorns or wearing new garments is permitted.
הל׳ כה
דַּלְתוֹת הַקַּרְקַע וְדַלְתוֹת הַכֵּלִים בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 25 · The Prohibition of Attaching and Returning Doors of Buildings and Utensils on Shabbos
הַתּוֹקֵעַOne who attachesחַיָּבis liableמִשּׁוּםbecause ofבּוֹנֶה.buildingלְפִיכָךְThereforeכָּלallהַדְּלָתוֹתthe doorsהַמְחֻבָּרוֹתthat are attachedלַקַּרְקַעto the groundלֹאwe do notנוֹטְלִיןremoveאוֹתָןthemוְלֹאand we do notמַחְזִירִיןreturnגְּזֵרָהa decreeשֶׁמָּאlestיִתְקַע.one will attachאֲבָלButדֶּלֶתthe door ofשִׁדָּהa carriageתֵּבָהa chestוּמִגְדָּלor a closetוּשְׁאָרand otherדַּלְתוֹתdoors ofהַכֵּלִיםutensilsנוֹטְלִיןwe may removeוְלֹאbut we do notמַחְזִירִין.returnוְאִםAnd ifנִשְׁמַטslippedצִירthe hingeהַתַּחְתּוֹןlowerשֶׁלָּהֶןof theirsדּוֹחֲקִיןwe may pushאוֹתוֹitלִמְקוֹמוֹ.to its placeוּבַמִּקְדָּשׁand in the Templeמַחְזִירִיןwe may returnאוֹתוֹ.itאֲבָלbutצִירthe hingeהָעֶלְיוֹןupperשֶׁנִּשְׁמַטthat slippedאָסוּרit is forbiddenלְהַחֲזִירוֹto return itבְּכָלin everyמָקוֹםplaceגְּזֵרָהa decreeשֶׁמָּאlestיִתְקַע:one will attach
This halacha details the Rabbinic prohibitions enacted to prevent one from performing the melacha of building when handling doors of structures and utensils on Shabbos.
הל׳ כו
אִסּוּר גְּדִילַת שֵׂעָר וְהַחְזָרַת כֵּלִים הַמְפֻצָּלִים בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 26 · The Prohibition of Braiding Hair and Reassembling Segmented Utensils on Shabbos
אֵיןWe do notגּוֹדְלִיןbraidאֶת—שְׂעַרhair ofהָרֹאשׁthe headוְאֵיןand we do notפּוֹקְסִיןpartאוֹתוֹitמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁנִּרְאֶהit appearsכְּבוֹנֶה.like buildingוְאֵיןAnd we do notמַחְזִירִיןreassembleמְנוֹרָהa candelabrumשֶׁלofחֻלְיוֹתsegmentsוְלֹאand notכִּסֵּאa chairהַמְפֻצָּלthat is disassembledוְלֹאand notשֻׁלְחָןa tableהַמְפֻצָּלthat is disassembledוְכַיּוֹצֵאand similarבָּהֶןto themמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁנִּרְאֶהit appearsכְּבוֹנֶה.like buildingוְאִםAnd ifהֶחֱזִירone reassembledפָּטוּרhe is exemptשֶׁאֵיןfor there is noבִּנְיָןbuildingבְּכֵלִיםin utensilsוְאֵיןand there is noסְתִירָהdemolishingבְּכֵלִים.in utensilsוְאִםAnd ifהָיָהit wasרָפוּיlooseמֻתָּרit is permittedלְהַחֲזִירוֹ.to reassemble itוְאֵיןAnd we do notמְתַקְּנִיןadjustחֻלְיוֹתvertebraeשֶׁלofשִׁדְרָהthe backboneשֶׁלofקָטָןa childזוֹthis oneבְּצַדbesideזוֹthis oneמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁנִּרְאֶהit appearsכְּבוֹנֶה:like building
This halacha discusses actions that are rabbinically forbidden on Shabbos because they resemble the melacha of building, such as braiding hair, reassembling segmented furniture, or adjusting a child's spine.
הל׳ כז
אִסּוּר עֲשִׂיַּת אֹהֶל קָבַע וְעַרְאַי בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 27 · The Prohibition of Making a Permanent or Temporary Tent on Shabbos
הָעוֹשֶׂהOne who makesאֹהֶלa tentקָבוּעַpermanentחַיָּבis liableמִשּׁוּםbecause ofבּוֹנֶה.buildingלְפִיכָךְThereforeאֵיןwe do notעוֹשִׂיןmakeאֹהֶלa tentעֲרַאיtemporaryלְכַתְּחִלָּהat the outsetוְלֹאand notסוֹתְרִיןdemolishאֹהֶלa tentעֲרַאיtemporaryגְּזֵרָהa decreeשֶׁמָּאlestיַעֲשֶׂהhe will makeאוֹorיִסְתֹּרdemolishאֹהֶלa tentקָבוּעַ.permanentוְאִםAnd ifעָשָׂהhe madeאוֹorסָתַרdemolishedאֹהֶלa tentעֲרַאיtemporaryפָּטוּר.he is exemptוּמֻתָּרAnd it is permittedלְהוֹסִיףto addעַלuponאֹהֶלa tentעֲרַאיtemporaryבְּשַׁבָּת.on Shabbosכֵּיצַד.How soטַלִּיתA sheetשֶׁהָיְתָהthat wasפְּרוּסָהspreadעַלuponהָעַמּוּדִיםthe pillarsאוֹorעַלuponהַכְּתָלִיםthe wallsוְהָיְתָהand wasכְּרוּכָהrolled upקֹדֶםbeforeהַשַּׁבָּתthe Shabbosאִםifנִשְׁאָרthere remainedמִמֶּנָּהfrom itגַּגa roofטֶפַחof a handbreadthמָתוּחַextendedהֲרֵיbeholdזֶהthisמוֹתֵחַone may extendאֶת—כֻּלָּהּall of itבְּשַׁבָּתon Shabbosעַדuntilשֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂהhe makesאֹהֶלa tentגָּדוֹל.largeוְכֵןand soכָּלallכַּיּוֹצֵאsimilarבָּזֶה:to this
This halacha defines the Torah prohibition of building a permanent tent on Shabbos, the Rabbinic decree against making or demolishing a temporary tent, and the permission to extend an existing temporary tent.
הל׳ כח
אִסּוּר עֲשִׂיַּת אֹהֶל עֲרַאי בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 28 · The Prohibition of Making a Temporary Tent on Shabbos
אֵיןOne may notתּוֹלִיןhangאֶת—הַכִּלָּהa canopyשֶׁהֲרֵיbecauseנַעֲשֵׂיתis madeתַּחְתֶּיהָbeneath itאֹהֶלa tentעֲרַאי.temporaryוּמֻתָּרbut it is permittedלְהַנִּיחַto set downמִטָּהa bedוְכִסֵּאand a chairוּטְרַסְקָלand a tableוְאַףand evenעַל·פִּיthoughשֶׁיֵּעָשֶׂהthere is madeתַּחְתֵּיהֶןbeneath themאֹהֶלa tentשֶׁאֵיןsinceזֶהthisדֶּרֶךְis not the wayעֲשִׂיַּתof makingאֹהֶלa tentלֹאneitherקֶבַעpermanentוְלֹאnorעֲרַאי:temporary
This halacha discusses the prohibition of hanging a canopy on Shabbos due to creating a temporary tent, contrasted with setting up furniture which is permitted.
הל׳ כט
דִּין אֹהֶל מְשֻׁפָּע וּפְרִיסַת טַלִּית כְּפוּלָה בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 29 · The Law of a Slanted Tent and Spreading a Folded Cloak on Shabbos
כָּלAnyאֹהֶלtentמְשֻׁפָּעslantedשֶׁאֵיןthat there is notבְּגַגּוֹin its roofטֶפַחa handbreadthוְלֹאand notבְּפָחוֹתin lessמִשְּׁלֹשָׁהthan threeסָמוּךְcloseלְגַגּוֹto its roofרֹחַבa width ofטֶפַחa handbreadthהֲרֵיbeholdזֶהthisאֹהֶלis a tentעֲרַאיtemporaryוְהָעוֹשֶׂהand one who makesאוֹתוֹitלְכַתְּחִלָּהinitiallyבְּשַׁבָּתon Shabbosפָּטוּר.is exemptטַלִּיתA cloakכְּפוּלָהfoldedשֶׁהָיוּthat there wereעָלֶיהָon itחוּטִיןthreadsשֶׁהִיאthat itתְּלוּיָהis hangingבָּהֶןby themמֵעֶרֶבfrom the eve ofשַׁבָּתShabbosמֻתָּרis permittedלִנְטוֹתָהּto spread itוּמֻתָּרand is permittedלְפָרְקָהּto dismantle itוְכֵןand soהַפָּרֹכֶת:the curtain
This halacha defines the dimensions of a temporary slanted tent and the permissible way to hang a folded cloak or curtain on Shabbos.
הל׳ ל
דִּין כִּלַּת חֲתָנִים וּפְקַק הַחַלּוֹן בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 30 · The Laws of a Bridal Canopy and Plugging a Window on Shabbos
כִּלַּתA canopy ofחֲתָנִיםgroomsשֶׁאֵיןthat there is notבְּגַגָּהּin its roofטֶפַחa handbreadthוְאֵיןand there is notבְּפָחוֹתin lessמִשְּׁלֹשָׁהthan threeסָמוּךְcloseלְגַגָּהּto its roofרֹחַבa width ofטֶפַח.a handbreadthהוֹאִילsinceשֶׁהִיאthat itמְתֻקֶּנֶתis preparedלְכָךְfor thisמֻתָּרit is permittedלִנְטוֹתָהּto spread itוּמֻתָּרand it is permittedלְפָרְקָהּto dismantle itוְהוּאand this isשֶׁלֹּאprovided that notתְּהֵאitמְשֻׁלְשֶׁלֶתhangsמֵעַלaboveהַמִּטָּהthe bedטֶפַח.a handbreadthפְּקַקA plug ofהַחַלּוֹןthe windowבִּזְמַןat a timeשֶׁהוּאthat itמְתֻקָּןis preparedלְכָךְfor thisאַףevenעַל·פִּיthoughשֶׁאֵינוֹthat it is notקָשׁוּרtiedוְאֵינוֹand it is notתָּלוּיhangingמֻתָּרit is permittedלִפְקֹקto plugבּוֹwith itהַחַלּוֹן:the window
This halacha discusses the conditions under which a temporary canopy may be spread or dismantled, and when a window shutter may be used on Shabbos.
הל׳ לא
דִּין לְבִישַׁת כּוֹבַע בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 31 · The Law of Wearing a Hat on Shabbos
כּוֹבַעA hatשֶׁעוֹשִׂיןthat they makeעַלonהָרֹאשׁthe headוְיֵשׁand hasלוֹto itשָׂפָהa brimמַקֶּפֶתsurroundingשֶׁהִיאwhichעוֹשָׂהmakesצֵלshadeכְּמוֹlikeאֹהֶלa tentעַלoverלְבוּשׁוֹhis garmentמֻתָּרit is permittedלְלָבְשׁוֹ.to wear itוְאִםand ifהוֹצִיאone extendedמִןfromהַבֶּגֶדthe garmentסָבִיבaroundלְרֹאשׁוֹhis headאוֹorכְּנֶגֶדoppositeפָּנָיוhis faceכְּמוֹlikeאֹהֶלa tentוְהָיָהand it wasמְהֻדָּקtightly fittedעַלonרֹאשׁוֹhis headוְהָיְתָהand wasהַשָּׂפָהthe brimשֶׁהוֹצִיאָהּthat he extendedקָשָׁהfirmבְּיוֹתֵרexceedinglyכְּמוֹlikeגַּגa roofאָסוּרit is forbiddenמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהוּאthat heעוֹשֶׂהis makingאֹהֶלa tentעֲרַאי:temporary
The Rambam discusses the conditions under which wearing a wide-brimmed hat or extending a garment over one's head is permitted or forbidden as making a temporary tent.
הל׳ לב
אִסּוּר עֲשִׂיַּת אֹהֶל עֲרַאי בִּפְרֹס פָּרֹכֶת וְכִלָּהHalacha 32 · The Prohibition of Creating a Temporary Tent When Hanging a Curtain or Canopy
הַנּוֹטֶהOne who hangsפָּרֹכֶתa curtainוְכַיּוֹצֵאand the likeבָּהּof itצָרִיךְneedsלְהִזָּהֵרto be carefulשֶׁלֹּאthat notיַעֲשֶׂהhe makeאֹהֶלa tentבְּשָׁעָהat the timeשֶׁנּוֹטֶהthat he hangsלְפִיכָךְThereforeאִםifהָיְתָהit wasפָּרֹכֶתa curtainגְּדוֹלָהlargeתּוֹלִיןthey hangאוֹתָהּitשְׁנַיִםtwoאֲבָלbutאֶחָדoneאָסוּר.is forbiddenוְאִםAnd ifהָיְתָהit wasכִּלָּהa canopyשֶׁיֵּשׁthat hasלָהּto itגַּגa roofאֵיןwe do notמוֹתְחִיןextendאוֹתָהּitוַאֲפִלּוּand evenעֲשָׂרָהtenשֶׁאִיfor it isאֶפְשָׁרimpossibleשֶׁלֹּאthat notתִּגְבַּהּit will riseמְעַטslightlyמֵעַלaboveהָאָרֶץthe groundוְתֵעָשֶׂהand makeאֹהֶלa tentעֲרַאי:temporary
This halacha details the precautions required when hanging curtains or canopies on Shabbos to avoid the prohibition of constructing a temporary tent.
הל׳ לג
אִסּוּר עֲשִׂיַּת אֹהֶל עֲרַאי בְּכִסּוּי כֵּלִים וּבְסִנּוּןHalacha 33 · The Prohibition of Making a Temporary Tent by Covering Vessels and Filtering
בֶּגֶדA clothשֶׁמְּכַסֶּהthat one coversבּוֹwith itפִּיthe opening ofהֶחָבִיתthe jugלֹאone should notיְכַסֶּהcoverבּוֹwith itאֶת—כֻּלָּהּall of itמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁנַּעֲשָׂהit becomesאֹהֶלa tentאֲבָלbutמְכַסֶּהone may coverהוּאheמִקְצָתa portion ofפִּיהָ.its openingהַמְסַנֵּןOne who filtersבִּכְפִיפָהwith a basketמִצְרִיתEgyptianלֹאshould notיַגְבִּיהַּliftקַרְקָעִיתthe bottom ofהַכְּפִיפָהthe basketמִןfromהַכְּלִיthe vesselטֶפַחa handbreadthכְּדֵיsoשֶׁלֹּאthat he will notיַעֲשֶׂהmakeאֹהֶלa tentעֲרַאיtemporaryבְּשַׁבָּת:on Shabbos
This halacha discusses the Rabbinic prohibition of creating a temporary tent on Shabbos when covering a jug or filtering with a basket.
Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם
The chapter begins by explaining the Rabbinic prohibition against removing a loaf of bread from an oven on Shabbos to prevent baking, outlining the permissible methods of removal in urgent situations. It then details the historical decrees that led to the prohibition of entering bathhouses and rinsing the entire body with hot water, while permitting cold water bathing and the hot springs of Tiberias under specific conditions. Finally, the Rambam clarifies the rules of warming oneself by a fire, warming liquids to dispel their chill without cooking them, and the restrictions against placing cold water or oil into hot tubs that function as primary vessels.
לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home
The halachos of Shabbos teach us a profound lesson in mindfulness and self-restraint. We see how Chazal created boundaries, such as forbidding the removal of bread from an oven or entering a bathhouse, not to make life difficult, but to protect the sanctity of the day. They understood human nature: if we get too close to the edge, we will eventually slip.
This is a powerful blueprint for our personal avodah. In our daily lives, we often try to see how close we can get to a spiritual boundary without actually crossing it. We play with fire, thinking we can control the heat. But true yiras shamayim means creating our own personal safeguards, recognizing our weaknesses, and stepping back before we are even tempted to stumble.
Today, identify one area in your life where you are playing too close to the edge of a spiritual boundary, and make a concrete fence—a personal safeguard—to keep yourself safely back.