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Ki Tavo · 5th Aliyah
Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה

In this aliyah, Moshe Rabbeinu commands Klal Yisrael regarding the dramatic and solemn ceremony of the blessings and the curses that they are to perform upon crossing the Yarden. The Torah details exactly which shevatim are to stand on Har Gerizim for the blessings, and which are to stand on Har Eival for the curses, with the Leviim standing in the middle to proclaim these warnings to all of Yisrael.

The Leviim are to call out a series of specific prohibitions, warning against hidden sins like making graven images, disrespecting parents, moving boundaries, misleading the blind, and various forbidden relationships. Each warning is met with a resounding "Amen" from the entire nation, culminating in a general acceptance of the entire Torah. Following these warnings, the Torah transitions into the beautiful and comforting promises of the berachos that will come upon Klal Yisrael if they listen to the voice of Hashem.

All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.
פָּסוּק א
Pasuk 1
וַיְצַוAnd commandedמֹשֶׁהMosheאֶתהָעָםthe peopleבַּיּוֹםon the dayהַהוּאthatלֵאמֹר׃saying
פָּסוּק ב
Pasuk 2
אֵלֶּהTheseיַעַמְדוּshall standלְבָרֵךְto blessאֶתהָעָםthe peopleעַלonהַרMountגְּרִזִיםGerizimבְּעָבְרְכֶםwhen you crossאֶתהַיַּרְדֵּןthe YardenשִׁמְעוֹןShimonוְלֵוִיand Leviוִיהוּדָהand Yehudahוְיִשָּׂשכָרand Yissacharוְיוֹסֵףand Yosefוּבִנְיָמִן׃and Binyamin
רַשִׁ״י
לברךTo blessאתהעם.the peopleכִּדְאִיתָאas it isבְמַסֶּכֶתin the tractate ofסוֹטָהSotahדףpageל"ב32:שִׁשָּׁהSixשְׁבָטִיםtribesעָלוּascendedלְרֹאשׁto the top ofהַרMountגְּרִיזִיםGerizimוְשִׁשָּׁהand sixלְרֹאשׁto the top ofהַרMountעֵיבָלEbalוְהַכֹּהֲנִיםand the priestsוְהַלְוִיִּםand the Levitesוְהָאָרוֹןand the Arkלְמַטָּהbelowבָּאֶמְצַע,in the middleהָפְכוּturnedלְוִיִּיםthe Levitesפְּנֵיהֶםtheir facesכְּלַפֵּיtowardsהַרMountגְּרִיזִיםGerizimוּפָתְחוּand they openedבַבְּרָכָה,with the blessing"בָּרוּךְBlessed isהָאִישׁthe manאֲשֶׁרwhoלֹאnotיַעֲשֶׂהwill makeפֶסֶלa graven imageוּמַסֵּכָהand a molten imageוְגוֹ'",etc.וְאֵלּוּand theseוָאֵלּוּand thoseעוֹנִיןansweredאָמֵן.AmenחָזְרוּThey returnedוְהָפְכוּand turnedפְּנֵיהֶםtheir facesכְּלַפֵּיtowardsהַרMountעֵיבָלEbalוּפָתְחוּand they openedבַקְּלָלָהwith the curseוְאוֹמְרִיםand saying"אָרוּרCursed isהָאִישׁthe manאֲשֶׁרwhoיַעֲשֶׂהwill makeפֶסֶלa graven imageוְגוֹ'",etc.וְכֵןand soכֻּלָּםall of themעַדuntil"אָרוּרCursed isאֲשֶׁרwhoלֹאnotיָקִים":will uphold
פָּסוּק ג
Pasuk 3
וְאֵלֶּהand theseיַעַמְדוּshall standעַלforהַקְּלָלָהthe curseבְּהַרon MountעֵיבָלEivalרְאוּבֵןReuvenגָּדGadוְאָשֵׁרand Asherוּזְבוּלֻןand ZevulunדָּןDanוְנַפְתָּלִי׃and Naftali
פָּסוּק ד
Pasuk 4
וְעָנוּAnd shall call outהַלְוִיִּםthe Levitesוְאָמְרוּand sayאֶלtoכָּלeveryאִישׁman ofיִשְׂרָאֵלYisraelקוֹלwith a voiceרָם׃loud
פָּסוּק ה
Pasuk 5
אָרוּרCursedהָאִישׁthe manאֲשֶׁרwhoיַעֲשֶׂהmakesפֶסֶלa carved imageוּמַסֵּכָהor a molten imageתּוֹעֲבַתan abomination ofיְהוָהHashemמַעֲשֵׂהthe handiwork ofיְדֵיthe hands ofחָרָשׁa craftsmanוְשָׂםand setsבַּסָּתֶרin secretוְעָנוּand shall respondכָלallהָעָםthe peopleוְאָמְרוּand sayאָמֵן׃Amen
פָּסוּק ו
Pasuk 6
אָרוּרCursedמַקְלֶהis he who degradesאָבִיוhis fatherוְאִמּוֹor his motherוְאָמַרand shall sayכָּלallהָעָםthe peopleאָמֵן׃Amen
רַשִׁ״י
מקלהone who degradesאביו.his fatherמְזַלְזֵל,treating lightlyלְשׁוֹןan expression of"וְנִקְלָהand is degradedאָחִיךָ"your brotherדבריםDevarimכ"הtwenty-five:
פָּסוּק ז
Pasuk 7
אָרוּרCursedמַסִּיגis one who movesגְּבוּלthe boundary ofרֵעֵהוּhis neighborוְאָמַרand shall sayכָּלallהָעָםthe peopleאָמֵן׃Amen
רַשִׁ״י
מסיגone who moves backגבול.a boundaryמַחֲזִירוֹhe returns itלַאֲחוֹרָיוbackwardsוְגוֹנֵבand stealsאֶתהַקַּרְקַע,the landלְשׁוֹןan expression of"וְהֻסַּגand is turnedאָחוֹר"backwardsישעיהוYeshayahuנ"טfifty-nine:
פָּסוּק ח
Pasuk 8
אָרוּרCursedמַשְׁגֶּהis one who misleadsעִוֵּרa blind personבַּדָּרֶךְon the roadוְאָמַרand shall sayכָּלallהָעָםthe peopleאָמֵן׃Amen
רַשִׁ״י
משגהone who misleadsעור.a blind personהַסּוּמָאone who is blindבַדָּבָרin a matterוּמַשִּׂיאוֹand advises himעֵצָהadviceרָעָה:bad
פָּסוּק ט
Pasuk 9
אָרוּרCursedמַטֶּהwho subvertsמִשְׁפַּטthe judgment ofגֵּרa strangerיָתוֹםan orphanוְאַלְמָנָהand a widowוְאָמַרand shall sayכָּלallהָעָםthe peopleאָמֵן׃Amen
פָּסוּק י
Pasuk 10
אָרוּרCursedשֹׁכֵבis one who liesעִםwithאֵשֶׁתthe wife ofאָבִיוhis fatherכִּיbecauseגִלָּהhe has uncoveredכְּנַףthe edge ofאָבִיוhis father's garmentוְאָמַרand shall sayכָּלallהָעָםthe peopleאָמֵן׃Amen
פָּסוּק יא
Pasuk 11
אָרוּרCursedשֹׁכֵבis he who liesעִםwithכָּלanyבְּהֵמָהanimalוְאָמַרand shall sayכָּלallהָעָםthe peopleאָמֵן׃Amen
פָּסוּק יב
Pasuk 12
אָרוּרCursedשֹׁכֵבis one who liesעִםwithאֲחֹתוֹhis sisterבַּתthe daughter ofאָבִיוhis fatherאוֹorבַתthe daughter ofאִמּוֹhis motherוְאָמַרand shall sayכָּלallהָעָםthe peopleאָמֵן׃Amen
פָּסוּק יג
Pasuk 13
אָרוּרCursedשֹׁכֵבis one who liesעִםwithחֹתַנְתּוֹhis mother-in-lawוְאָמַרand shall sayכָּלallהָעָםthe peopleאָמֵן׃Amen
פָּסוּק יד
Pasuk 14
אָרוּרCursedמַכֵּהis one who strikesרֵעֵהוּhis fellowבַּסָּתֶרin secretוְאָמַרand shall sayכָּלallהָעָםthe peopleאָמֵן׃Amen
רַשִׁ״י
מכהHe who smitesרעהוhis fellowבסתר.secretlyעַלconcerningלָשׁוֹןslanderהָרָע·הוּאitאוֹמֵר;speaksרָאִיתִיI sawבִיסוֹדוֹin the workשֶׁלofרַבִּיRabbiמֹשֶׁהMosheהַדַּרְשָׁןthe Preacherי"אelevenאֲרוּרִיםcursesיֵשׁthere areכָּאןhereכְּנֶגֶדcorresponding toי"אelevenשְׁבָטִים,tribesוּכְנֶגֶדand corresponding toשִׁמְעוֹןShimonלֹאhe did notכָתַבwriteאָרוּר,cursedלְפִיbecauseשֶׁלֹּאthat notהָיָהwas itבְלִבּוֹin his heartלְבָרְכוֹto bless himלִפְנֵיbeforeמוֹתוֹhis deathכְּשֶׁבֵּרֵךְwhen he blessedשְׁאָרthe rest ofהַשְּׁבָטִים,the tribesלְכָךְthereforeלֹאhe did notרָצָהwantלְקַלְּלוֹ:to curse him
פָּסוּק טו
Pasuk 15
אָרוּרCursedלֹקֵחַis one who takesשֹׁחַדa bribeלְהַכּוֹתto strike downנֶפֶשׁa lifeדָּםof bloodנָקִיinnocentוְאָמַרand shall sayכָּלallהָעָםthe peopleאָמֵן׃Amen
פָּסוּק טז
Pasuk 16
אָרוּרCursedאֲשֶׁרwhoלֹאdoes notיָקִיםupholdאֶתדִּבְרֵיthe words ofהַתּוֹרָהthis Torahהַזֹּאתthisלַעֲשׂוֹתto performאוֹתָםthemוְאָמַרand shall sayכָּלallהָעָםthe peopleאָמֵן׃Amen
רַשִׁ״י
אשרwhoלאdoes notיקים.upholdכָּאןhereכָּלַלhe includedאֶתכָּלall ofהַתּוֹרָהthe Torahכֻּלָּהּentirelyוְקִבְּלוּהָand they accepted itעֲלֵיהֶםupon themselvesבְּאָלָהwith a curseוּבִשְׁבוּעָה:and with an oath
פָּסוּק יז
Pasuk 17
וְהָיָהAnd it shall beאִםifשָׁמוֹעַsurelyתִּשְׁמַעyou will hearkenבְּקוֹלto the voice ofיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godלִשְׁמֹרto observeלַעֲשׂוֹתto performאֶתכָּלall ofמִצְוֺתָיוHis mitzvosאֲשֶׁרwhichאָנֹכִיIמְצַוְּךָcommand youהַיּוֹםtodayוּנְתָנְךָand He will set youיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godעֶלְיוֹןsupremeעַלaboveכָּלallגּוֹיֵיthe nations ofהָאָרֶץ׃the earth
פָּסוּק יח
Pasuk 18
וּבָאוּand they shall comeעָלֶיךָupon youכָּלall ofהַבְּרָכוֹתthe blessingsהָאֵלֶּהtheseוְהִשִּׂיגֻךָand overtake youכִּיifתִשְׁמַעyou will listenבְּקוֹלto the voice ofיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָ׃your God
פָּסוּק יט
Pasuk 19
בָּרוּךְBlessedאַתָּהshall you beבָּעִירin the cityוּבָרוּךְand blessedאַתָּהshall you beבַּשָּׂדֶה׃in the field
פָּסוּק כ
Pasuk 20
בָּרוּךְBlessedפְּרִיthe fruit ofבִטְנְךָyour wombוּפְרִיand the fruit ofאַדְמָתְךָyour groundוּפְרִיand the fruit ofבְהֶמְתֶּךָyour cattleשְׁגַרthe offspring ofאֲלָפֶיךָyour herdsוְעַשְׁתְּרוֹתand the flocks ofצֹאנֶךָ׃your sheep
רַשִׁ״י
שגרThe offspring ofאלפיך.your cattleוַלְדוֹתthe young ofבְּקָרְךָ,your herdשֶׁהַבְּהֵמָהwhich the animalמְשַׁגֶּרֶתcasts outמִמֵּעֶיהָ:from its womb
רַשִׁ״י
ועשתרותAnd the flocks ofצאנך.your sheepכְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ.as its Targumוְרַבּוֹתֵינוּand our Rabbisאָמְרוּsaidלָמָּהwhyנִקְרָאis calledשְׁמָםtheir nameעַשְׁתָּרוֹת?Ashtarosשֶׁמַּעֲשִׁירוֹתbecause they enrichאֶתבַּעֲלֵיהֶןtheir ownersוּמַחֲזִיקוֹתand strengthenאוֹתָםthemכְּעַשְׁתָּרוֹתlike Ashtarosהַלָּלוּtheseשֶׁהֵןwhich areסְלָעִיםrocksחֲזָקִים:strong
פָּסוּק כא
Pasuk 21
בָּרוּךְBlessedטַנְאֲךָshall be your basketוּמִשְׁאַרְתֶּךָ׃and your kneading bowl
רַשִׁ״י
ברוךBlessedטנאך.your basketפֵּרוֹתֶיךָ;your fruitsדָּ"אַanother explanationטַנְאֲךָyour basketדָּבָרa thingלַחliquidשֶׁאַתָּהthat youמְסַנֵּןfilterבְּסַלִּים:in baskets
רַשִׁ״י
ומשארתך.and your leftoversדָּבָרa thingיָבֵשׁdryשֶׁנִּשְׁאַרthat remainsבַּכְּלִיin the vesselוְאֵינוֹand is notזָב:flowing
פָּסוּק כב
Pasuk 22
בָּרוּךְBlessedאַתָּהshall you beבְּבֹאֶךָin your comingוּבָרוּךְand blessedאַתָּהshall you beבְּצֵאתֶךָ׃in your going
רַשִׁ״י
ברוךBlessedאתהshall you beבבאךwhen you come inוברוךand blessedאתהshall you beבצאתך.when you go outשֶׁתְּהֵיthat should beיְצִיאָתְךָyour departureמִןfromהָעוֹלָםthe worldבְּלֹאwithoutחֵטְאsinכְּבִיאָתְךָlike your entryלָעוֹלָםinto the worldב"מBava Metziaק"ז107a:
Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם

The aliyah begins with Moshe Rabbeinu's command to divide the shevatim on Har Gerizim and Har Eival, where the Leviim will loudly proclaim twelve specific curses, covering severe sins committed in secret—such as idolatry, striking a fellow Yid, taking bribes, and various arayos—with the entire tzibbur answering "Amen" to each one. After concluding these warnings, the Torah transitions into the glorious berachos that Hashem promises to bestow upon Klal Yisrael when they obey His mitzvos, assuring them that they will be elevated above all nations and blessed in the city, in the field, in their children, in their sustenance, and in all their comings and goings.

לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home

The Torah is telling us something very deep here about how we live our lives when nobody is watching. If you look at the list of curses on Mount Ebal, there is a clear running thread: almost all of them are things done in secret. Making an idol and putting it "in secret," moving a boundary marker when the neighbor isn't looking, misdirecting a blind person who cannot see who did it, or striking down a fellow Jew "in secret." Lichoira, why does the Torah focus the entire national covenant on these hidden acts?

The chiddush here is that our real avodah, our true standing before Hashem, is defined by what we do when we are completely alone. It is easy to look like a tzaddik in public, in the bais medrash, or on the street where everyone is watching. But the Torah wants us to know that the real bracha in our lives, the "blessed shall you be in your comings and goings", depends on our integrity in the dark. When we choose to do the right thing b'davka because we know Hashem is there, even if no human being will ever find out, we build a vessel for the ultimate bracha.

Today, when you have a moment where you can easily cut a corner, speak a word of lashon hara, or ignore someone in need because "nobody will ever know," stop and realize that this is your Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim moment. Choose to act with absolute honesty and refinement in that private space, knowing that Hashem is right there with you.

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י — כי תבוא · חֲמִישִׁי