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חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · PARSHAS HASHAVUAחוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · PARSHAS HASHAVUA

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י · נצבים-וילך · רְבִיעִי

Complete Word-for-Word Interlinear · Navy & Gold Edition
Nitzavim-Vayeilech · 4th Aliyah
Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה

In this aliyah, Moshe Rabbeinu presents Klal Yisrael with the ultimate choice that lies at the very heart of our avodas Hashem. He sets before us life and the good, and death and the bad, urging us to choose life by loving Hashem, walking in His ways, and keeping His mitzvos. Moshe warns of the bitter consequences if our hearts turn away to avodah zarah, calling heaven and earth as witnesses to this eternal covenant.

The aliyah then transitions into Parshas Vayeilech, where Moshe Rabbeinu, now one hundred and twenty years old, prepares the nation for his departure. He reassures Yisrael that even though he cannot cross the Yarden with them, Hashem Himself will lead them, destroying the nations before them, with Yehoshua leading the way as promised.

All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.
פָּסוּק א
Pasuk 1
רְאֵהSeeנָתַתִּיI have setלְפָנֶיךָbefore youהַיּוֹםtodayאֶתהַחַיִּיםthe lifeוְאֶתand —הַטּוֹבthe goodוְאֶתand —הַמָּוֶתthe deathוְאֶתand —הָרָע׃the evil
רַשִׁ״י
אתהחייםthe lifeואתand —הטוב.the goodזֶהthisתָּלוּיis dependentבָּזֶהupon thisאִםifתַּעֲשֶׂהyou doטוֹבgoodהֲרֵיbeholdלְךָfor youחַיִּים,lifeוְאִםand ifתַּעֲשֶׂהyou doרַעevilהֲרֵיbeholdלְךָfor youהַמָּוֶת,deathוְהַכָּתוּבand the Scriptureמְפָרֵשׁexplainsוְהוֹלֵךְand goes onהֵיאַךְ:how
פָּסוּק ב
Pasuk 2
אֲשֶׁרWhichאָנֹכִיIמְצַוְּךָcommand youהַיּוֹםtodayלְאַהֲבָהto loveאֶתיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godלָלֶכֶתto walkבִּדְרָכָיוin His waysוְלִשְׁמֹרand to keepמִצְוֺתָיוHis commandmentsוְחֻקֹּתָיוand His statutesוּמִשְׁפָּטָיוand His ordinancesוְחָיִיתָand you shall liveוְרָבִיתָand you shall multiplyוּבֵרַכְךָand He will bless youיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godבָּאָרֶץin the landאֲשֶׁרthatאַתָּהyouבָאare comingשָׁמָּהthereלְרִשְׁתָּהּ׃to possess it
רַשִׁ״י
אשרwhichאנכיIמצוךcommand youהיוםtodayלאהבה.to loveהֲרֵיbeholdהַטּוֹב,the goodוּבוֹand on itתָלוּיdependsוחייתthat you may liveורביתand increase,הֲרֵיbeholdהַחַיִּים:the life
פָּסוּק ג
Pasuk 3
וְאִםAnd ifיִפְנֶהturns awayלְבָבְךָyour heartוְלֹאand notתִשְׁמָעyou will listenוְנִדַּחְתָּand you are led astrayוְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתָand you prostrate yourselfלֵאלֹהִיםto godsאֲחֵרִיםotherוַעֲבַדְתָּם׃and you serve them
רַשִׁ״י
ואםand ifיפנהturns awayלבבך.your heartהֲרֵיbeholdהָרָע:the evil
פָּסוּק ד
Pasuk 4
הִגַּדְתִּיI declareלָכֶםto youהַיּוֹםtodayכִּיthatאָבֹדsurelyתֹּאבֵדוּןyou shall perishלֹאnotתַאֲרִיכֻןyou shall prolongיָמִיםdaysעַלuponהָאֲדָמָהthe landאֲשֶׁרthatאַתָּהyouעֹבֵרare crossingאֶתהַיַּרְדֵּןthe Jordanלָבֹאto enterשָׁמָּהthereלְרִשְׁתָּהּ׃to possess it
רַשִׁ״י
כיthatאבדperishתאבדון.you shall perishהֲרֵיhere isהַמָּוֶת:the death
פָּסוּק ה
Pasuk 5
הַעִידֹתִיI call to witnessבָכֶםagainst youהַיּוֹםtodayאֶתהַשָּׁמַיִםthe heavensוְאֶתand —הָאָרֶץthe earthהַחַיִּיםlifeוְהַמָּוֶתand deathנָתַתִּיI have placedלְפָנֶיךָbefore youהַבְּרָכָהthe blessingוְהַקְּלָלָהand the curseוּבָחַרְתָּand you shall chooseבַּחַיִּיםlifeלְמַעַןso thatתִּחְיֶהyou may liveאַתָּהyouוְזַרְעֶךָ׃and your offspring
רַשִׁ״י
העדתיI called as witnessesבכםagainst youהיוםtodayאתהשמיםthe heavensואתand —הארץ.the earthשֶׁהֵםwhich theyקַיָּמִיםexistלְעוֹלָם,foreverוְכַאֲשֶׁרand whenתִּקְרֶהwill befallאֶתְכֶםyouהָרָעָהthe evilיִהְיוּthey will beעֵדִיםwitnessesשֶׁאֲנִיthat Iהִתְרֵיתִיwarnedבָכֶםyouבְּכָלregarding allזֹאת;thisדָּבָרanotherאַחֵרexplanationהעדתיI called as witnessesבכםagainst youהיוםtodayאתהשמיםthe heavensוגו'etc.,אָמַרsaidלָהֶםto themהַקָּדוֹשׁthe Holy Oneבָּרוּךְblessedהוּאbe Heלְיִשְׂרָאֵל,to Israelהִסְתַּכְּלוּlookבַשָּׁמַיִםat the heavensשֶׁבָּרָאתִיwhich I createdלְשַׁמֵּשׁto serveאֶתְכֶם,youשֶׁמָּאperhapsשִׁנּוּthey changedאֶתמִדָּתָם?their characterשֶׁמָּאperhapsלֹאnotעָלָהdid riseגַּלְגַּלthe orb ofחַמָּהthe sunמִןfromהַמִּזְרָחthe Eastוְהֵאִירand gave lightלְכָלto all ofהָעוֹלָםthe worldכָּעִנְיָןjust as the matterשֶׁנֶּאֱמַרthat is statedקהלתKohelesא'1"וְזָרַחand risesהַשֶּׁמֶשׁthe sunוּבָאand goes downהַשָּׁמֶשׁ"?the sunהִסְתַּכְּלוּlookבָאָרֶץat the earthשֶׁבָּרָאתִיwhich I createdלְשַׁמֵּשׁto serveאֶתְכֶם,youשֶׁמָּאperhapsשִׁנְּתָהit changedמִדָּתָהּ?its characterשֶׁמָּאperhapsזְרַעְתֶּםyou sowedאוֹתָהּitוְלֹאand notצָמְחָהdid it sproutאוֹorשֶׁמָּאperhapsזְרַעְתֶּםyou sowedחִטִּיםwheatוְהֶעֶלְתָהand it brought upשְׂעוֹרִים?barleyוּמָהand ifאֵלּוּtheseשֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּthat were madeלֹאnotלְשָׂכָרfor rewardוְלֹאand notלְהֶפְסֵד,for lossאִםifזוֹכִיןthey act meritoriouslyאֵיןthey do notמְקַבְּלִיןreceiveשָׂכָרrewardוְאִםand ifחוֹטְאִיןthey failאֵיןthey do notמְקַבְּלִיןreceiveפֻּרְעָנוּת,punishmentלֹאthey did notשִׁנּוּchangeאֶתמִדָּתָם,their characterאַתֶּםyouשֶׁאִםwho ifזְכִיתֶםyou act meritoriouslyתְּקַבְּלוּwill receiveשָׂכָרrewardוְאִםand ifחֲטָאתֶםyou sinתְּקַבְּלוּwill receiveפֻּרְעָנוּת,punishmentעַלhowאַחַתmuchכַּמָּהtheוְכַמָּהmore soספריSifreiדבריםDevarimל"ב32:
רַשִׁ״י
ובחרתAnd you shall chooseבחיים.lifeאֲנִיIמוֹרֶהinstructלָכֶםyouשֶׁתִּבְחֲרוּthat you should chooseבְּחֵלֶקthe portion ofהַחַיִּים,lifeכְּאָדָםlike a manהָאוֹמֵרwho saysלִבְנוֹ,to his sonבְּחַרchooseלְךָfor yourselfחֵלֶקa portionיָפֶהgoodבְנַחֲלָתִי,in my inheritanceוּמַעֲמִידוֹand places himעַלuponחֵלֶקthe portionהַיָּפֶהthat is goodוְאוֹמֵרand saysלוֹto himאֶתזֶהthisבְּרֹרchooseלְךָ,for yourselfוְעַלand concerningזֶהthisנֶאֱמַרit is saidתהיליםTehillimט"ז16"ה'Hashemמְנָתis the portion ofחֶלְקִיmy shareוְכוֹסִיand my cupאַתָּהYouתּוֹמִיךְsupportגּוֹרָלִי"my lotהִנַּחְתָּYou placedיָדִיmy handעַלuponגּוֹרָלthe lotהַטּוֹבthat is goodלוֹמַרsayingאֶתזֶהthisקַחtakeלְךָ:for yourself
פָּסוּק ו
Pasuk 6
לְאַהֲבָהto loveאֶתיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour Godלִשְׁמֹעַto listenבְּקֹלוֹto His voiceוּלְדָבְקָהand to cleaveבוֹto HimכִּיforהוּאHe isחַיֶּיךָyour lifeוְאֹרֶךְand the length ofיָמֶיךָyour daysלָשֶׁבֶתto dwellעַלuponהָאֲדָמָהthe landאֲשֶׁרwhichנִשְׁבַּעsworeיְהוָהHashemלַאֲבֹתֶיךָto your forefathersלְאַבְרָהָםto Avrahamלְיִצְחָקto Yitzchakוּלְיַעֲקֹבand to Yaakovלָתֵתto giveלָהֶם׃to them
פָּסוּק ז
Pasuk 7
וַיֵּלֶךְAnd wentמֹשֶׁהMosheוַיְדַבֵּרand he spokeאֶתהַדְּבָרִיםthe wordsהָאֵלֶּהtheseאֶלtoכָּלall ofיִשְׂרָאֵל׃Yisrael
רַשִׁ״י
וילךAnd wentמשה.Mosheוגו':etc.
פָּסוּק ח
Pasuk 8
וַיֹּאמֶרAnd he saidאֲלֵהֶםto themבֶּןA son ofמֵאָהone hundredוְעֶשְׂרִיםand twentyשָׁנָהyearsאָנֹכִיam Iהַיּוֹםtodayלֹאnotאוּכַלwill I be ableעוֹדany moreלָצֵאתto go outוְלָבוֹאand to come inוַיהוָהand Hashemאָמַרsaidאֵלַיto meלֹאYou shall notתַעֲבֹרcrossאֶתהַיַּרְדֵּןthe Jordanהַזֶּה׃this
רַשִׁ״י
וילךAnd Moses wentמשהMosesוגו',etc.אנכיIהיום.todayהַיּוֹםTodayמָלאוּare filledיָמַיmy daysוּשְׁנוֹתַי,and my yearsבְּיוֹםon the dayזֶהthisנוֹלַדְתִּיI was bornוּבְיוֹםand on the dayזֶהthisאָמוּתI shall dieסוטהSotahי"ג13:
רַשִׁ״י
לאI cannotאוכלany longerעודmoreלצאתto go outולבוא.and to come inיָכוֹלOne might thinkשֶׁתָּשַׁשׁthat weakenedכֹּחוֹ,his strengthתַּלְמוּדtherefore teachingלוֹמַרsays"לֹא"notכָהֲתָהwas dimעֵינוֹhis eyeוְלאand notנָסfledלֵחֹה",his moisture"אֶלָּאratherמַהוּwhat isלאI cannotאוכלany longer?אֵינִיI am notרַשַּׁאי,permittedשֶׁנִּטְּלָהbecause was takenמִמֶּנִּיfrom meהָרְשׁוּתthe authorityוְנִתְּנָהand was givenלִיהוֹשֻׁעַ.to Yehoshuaדָּ"אַAnother explanationלצאתto go outולבוא.and to come inבְּדִבְרֵיin matters ofתוֹרָה,Torahמְלַמֵּדthis teachesשֶׁנִּסְתְּמוּthat were stopped upמִמֶּנּוּfrom himמָסוֹרוֹתtraditionsוּמַעְיְנוֹתand wellsprings ofהַחָכְמָהwisdomסוטהSotahי"ג13:
רַשִׁ״י
וה'and Hashemאמרsaidאלי.to meזֶהוּthis isפֵּרוּשׁthe explanation ofלאnotאוכלI am ableעודany moreלצאתto go outולבואand to come inלְפִיbecauseשֶׁה'that Hashemאמרsaidאליto me:
פָּסוּק ט
Pasuk 9
יְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour GodהוּאHeעֹבֵרis crossingלְפָנֶיךָbefore youהוּאHeיַשְׁמִידwill destroyאֶתהַגּוֹיִםthe nationsהָאֵלֶּהtheseמִלְּפָנֶיךָfrom before youוִירִשְׁתָּםand you shall inherit themיְהוֹשֻׁעַYehoshuaהוּאheעֹבֵרis crossingלְפָנֶיךָbefore youכַּאֲשֶׁרasדִּבֶּרspokeיְהוָה׃Hashem
פָּסוּק י
Pasuk 10
וְעָשָׂהAnd He will doיְהוָהHashemלָהֶםto themכַּאֲשֶׁרasעָשָׂהHe didלְסִיחוֹןto Sichonוּלְעוֹגand to Ogמַלְכֵיkings ofהָאֱמֹרִיthe Emoriוּלְאַרְצָםand to their landאֲשֶׁרwhomהִשְׁמִידHe destroyedאֹתָם׃them
פָּסוּק יא
Pasuk 11
וּנְתָנָםAnd He will deliver themיְהוָהHashemלִפְנֵיכֶםbefore youוַעֲשִׂיתֶםand you shall doלָהֶםto themכְּכָלaccording to allהַמִּצְוָהthe commandmentאֲשֶׁרwhichצִוִּיתִיI have commandedאֶתְכֶם׃you
פָּסוּק יב
Pasuk 12
חִזְקוּbe strongוְאִמְצוּand be courageousאַלdo notתִּירְאוּfearוְאַלand do notתַּעַרְצוּbe brokenמִפְּנֵיהֶםbefore themכִּיforיְהוָהHashemאֱלֹהֶיךָyour GodהוּאHeהַהֹלֵךְis the One walkingעִמָּךְwith youלֹאHe will notיַרְפְּךָfail youוְלֹאand He will notיַעַזְבֶךָּ׃forsake you
רַשִׁ״י
לאHe will notירפך.loosen youלֹאnotיִתֵּןHe will giveלְךָto youרִפְיוֹןloosenessלִהְיוֹתto beנֶעֱזָבabandonedמִמֶּנּוּ:by Him
Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם

The aliyah begins with Moshe Rabbeinu placing the choice of life and death, blessing and curse, before Klal Yisrael, commanding them to choose life by cleaving to Hashem so they may live long on the land promised to Avraham, Yitzchak, and Yaakov. Moshe then declares that he is no longer able to lead them as he has reached one hundred and twenty years, and that Hashem has decreed he will not cross the Yarden. He comforts the nation by assuring them that Hashem and Yehoshua will lead them to victory over the Canaanite nations, just as Hashem did to Sihon and Og, and he strengthens their hearts to be strong and courageous, trusting that Hashem will never forsake them.

לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home

In this week's parsha, Moshe Rabbeinu is standing before Klal Yisrael on the very last day of his life on this earth. He is telling them that he cannot cross the Jordan with them, but he leaves them with the ultimate yesod of our entire existence: "I have put before you life and death, blessing and curse. Choose life!" Lichoira, we must ask, is there a kasha here? Why does Torah need to command us to "choose life"? Who in their right mind would ever choose death and curses?

The chiddush the Torah is teaching us here is that choosing life is not a one-time, dramatic decision. The Torah defines "choosing life" very clearly in the next pasuk: "by loving Hashem, by heeding His voice, and by holding fast to Him." True life is not just physical survival; it is the spiritual vitality we inject into our daily avodah. The yetzer hara does not usually come and ask a Yid to completely throw away his portion in the World to Come. Rather, the coldness of the world creeps in, and we start doing mitzvos out of habit, without warmth, without heart. That coldness is a subtle form of choosing the opposite of life.

Moshe Rabbeinu is telling us that every single day, in every single action, we are presented with a choice. When you stand up to daven, when you sit down to learn, or when you interact with your family, you can do it with a heavy, lifeless routine, or you can choose to put real life, chayos, and love of Hashem into it. When we make the conscious effort to bring energy and passion into our Yiddishkeit, we are fulfilling the mitzvah of "Choose life" in the most real way.

Today, when you perform a mitzvah or say a berachah, do not just do it by rote. Pause for three seconds beforehand, think about Hashem, and put real warmth and chayos into those words to actively choose life.

חוּמָּשׁ עִם רַשִׁ״י — נצבים-וילך · רְבִיעִי