Chapter Previewהַקְדָּמָה
In this chapter, we learn the halachos of what a person is permitted to wear or carry when going out on Shabbos. The Rambam guides us through the delicate balance of what is considered a garment or an ornament, which may be worn, versus what is considered a burden, which is forbidden to carry on Shabbos.
We will learn about the status of weapons, the historical decree against wearing nailed sandals, and the specific guidelines for wearing jewelry, such as belts and rings. The Sages set up careful safeguards to prevent a person from accidentally carrying these items in a public domain.
All introductions, summaries, and contextual notes are the editor's commentary and are not part of the original text.אַלע הַקְדָּמוֹת, סִכּוּמִים, און הערות זענען דעם רעדאַקטאָר'ס באַמערקונגען און זענען נישט קיין טייל פונעם אָריגינעלן טעקסט.
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אִסּוּר יְצִיאָה בִּכְלֵי מִלְחָמָה בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 1 · The Prohibition of Going Out with Weapons of War on Shabbos
כָּלAllכְּלֵיweapons ofהַמִּלְחָמָהwarאיןwe do notיוֹצְאִיןgo outבָּהֶןwith themבְּשַׁבָּת.on Shabbosוְאִםand ifיָצָאone went outאִםifהָיוּthey wereכֵּלִיםarticlesשֶׁהֵןthat they areדֶּרֶךְthe way ofמַלְבּוּשׁa garmentכְּגוֹןsuch asשִׁרְיוֹןcoat of mailוְכוֹבַעand a helmetוּמַגָּפַיִםand bootsשֶׁעַלthat are onהָרַגְלַיִםthe feetהֲרֵיbeholdזֶהthis oneפָּטוּר.is exemptוְאִםand ifיָצָאone went outבְּכֵלִיםwith articlesשֶׁאֵינָןthat are notדֶּרֶךְthe way ofמַלְבּוּשׁa garmentכְּגוֹןsuch asרֹמַחa spearוְסַיִףand a swordוְקֶשֶׁתand a bowוְאַלָּהand a maceוּתְרִיסand a shieldהֲרֵיbeholdזֶהthis oneחַיָּב:is liable
This halacha delineates the distinction between weapons worn as garments, which are exempt post facto, and carried weapons, which carry liability.
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אִסּוּר סַנְדָּל הַמְסֻמָּר וְדִין תַּכְשִׁיטִין בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 2 · The Prohibition of a Nailed Sandal and the Laws of Ornaments on Shabbos
אֵיןWe do notיוֹצְאִיןgo outבְּסַנְדָּלwith a sandalמְסֻמָּרstudded with nailsשֶׁסְּמָרוֹthat he nailed itלְחַזְּקוֹ.to strengthen itוַאֲפִלּוּand evenבְּיוֹםon a dayטוֹבgoodגָּזְרוּthey decreedעָלָיוupon itשֶׁלֹּאthat notיֵצֵאhe should go outבּוֹ.with itוּמֻתָּרand it is permittedלָצֵאתto go outבְּאַבְנֵטwith a beltשֶׁיֵּשׁthat there areעָלָיוupon itחֲתִיכוֹתpiecesקְבוּעוֹתfixedשֶׁלofכֶּסֶףsilverוְשֶׁלand ofזָהָבgoldכְּמוֹlikeשֶׁהַמְּלָכִיםthat the kingsעוֹשִׂין.makeמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהוּאthat it isתַּכְשִׁיטan ornamentוְכָלand everythingשֶׁהוּאthat it isתַּכְשִׁיטan ornamentמֻתָּר.is permittedוְהוּאand this isשֶׁלֹּאthat notיְהֵאit shall beרָפוּיlooseשֶׁמָּאlestיִפּלit will fallבִּרְשׁוּתin the domain ofהָרַבִּיםthe manyוְיָבוֹאand he will comeלַהֲבִיאוֹ:to bring it
The Sages prohibited wearing a nailed sandal on Shabbos and Yom Tov due to a historical tragedy, while permitting secure ornaments like royal belts.
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דִּין הוֹצָאַת טַבַּעַת עִם חוֹתָם וּבְלִי חוֹתָם בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 3 · The Law of Carrying a Ring With or Without a Seal on Shabbos
טַבַּעַתA ringשֶׁיֵּשׁthat hasעָלֶיהָon itחוֹתָםa sealמִתַּכְשִׁיטֵיis of the jewelry ofהָאִישׁa manהִיאitוְאֵינָהּand is notמִתַּכְשִׁיטֵיof the jewelry ofהָאִשָּׁה.a womanוְשֶׁאֵיןand that which does not haveעָלֶיהָon itחוֹתָםa sealמִתַּכְשִׁיטֵיis of the jewelry ofאִשָּׁהa womanוְאֵינָהּand is notמִתַּכְשִׁיטֵיof the jewelry ofהָאִישׁ.a manלְפִיכָךְThereforeאִשָּׁהa womanשֶׁיָּצָאתwho went outבְּטַבַּעַתwith a ringשֶׁיֵּשׁthat hasעָלֶיהָon itחוֹתָם.a sealוְאִישׁand a manשֶׁיָּצָאwho went outבְּטַבַּעַתwith a ringשֶׁאֵיןthat does not haveעָלֶיהָon itחוֹתָםa sealחַיָּבִין.are liableוּמִפְּנֵיAnd because ofמָהwhatהֵןareחַיָּבִיןthey liableוַהֲרֵיand beholdהוֹצִיאוּthey carried outאוֹתָןthemשֶׁלֹּאnotכְּדֶרֶךְin the manner ofהַמּוֹצִיאִיןthose who carry outשֶׁאֵיןfor it is notדֶּרֶךְthe way ofהָאִישׁa manלְהוֹצִיאto carry outבְּאֶצְבָּעוֹon his fingerאֶלָּאexceptטַבַּעַתa ringהָרְאוּיָהthat is fitלוֹfor himוְכֵןand likewiseהָאִשָּׁהa womanאֵיןit is notדַּרְכָּהּher wayלְהוֹצִיאto carry outבְּאֶצְבָּעָהּon her fingerאֶלָּאexceptטַבַּעַתa ringהָרְאוּיָהthat is fitלָהּ.for herמִפְּנֵיBecauseשֶׁפְּעָמִיםthat sometimesנוֹתֵןgivesהָאִישׁa manטַבַּעְתּוֹhis ringלְאִשְׁתּוֹto his wifeלְהַצְנִיעָהּto hide itבַּבַּיִתin the houseוּמַנַּחַתand she placesאוֹתָהּitבְּאֶצְבָּעָהּon her fingerבְּעֵתat the time ofהוֹלָכָה.walkingוְכֵןand likewiseהָאִשָּׁהa womanנוֹתֶנֶתgivesטַבַּעְתָּהּher ringלְבַעְלָהּto her husbandלְתַקְּנָהּto repair itאֵצֶלwithהָאֻמָּןthe craftsmanוּמַנִּיחַand he placesאוֹתָהּitבְּאֶצְבָּעוֹon his fingerבְּעֵתat the time ofהוֹלָכָהwalkingעַדuntilחֲנוּתthe shop ofהָאֻמָּןthe craftsmanוְנִמְצְאוּand they are foundשֶׁהוֹצִיאוּto have carried outאוֹתָןthemכְּדֶרֶךְin the mannerשֶׁדַּרְכָּןthat is their wayלְהוֹצִיאָןto carry them outוּלְפִיכָךְand thereforeחַיָּבִין:they are liable
This halacha explains why a man carrying a woman's ring, or a woman carrying a man's ring, is liable for carrying on Shabbos despite it being unusual, since it is occasionally done this way.
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אִסּוּר יְצִיאָה בְּטַבַּעַת לְנָשִׁים וְלַאֲנָשִׁים בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 4 · The Prohibition of Going Out with a Ring on Shabbos for Women and Men
לֹאnotתֵּצֵאshall go outאִשָּׁהa womanבְּטַבַּעַתwith a ringשֶׁאֵיןthat there is notעָלֶיהָupon itחוֹתָםa sealאַףevenעַל·פִּיthoughשֶׁהוּאthat it isמִתַּכְשִׁיטֶיהָfrom her jewelryגְּזֵרָהas a decreeשֶׁמָּאlestתּוֹצִיאָהּshe will take it outבִּרְשׁוּתin the domainהָרַבִּיםof the publicלְהַרְאוֹתto showלְחַבְרוֹתֶיהָto her friendsכְּדֶרֶךְas the wayשֶׁהַנָּשִׁיםthat womenעוֹשׂוֹתdoתָּמִיד.alwaysוְאִםand ifיָצָאתshe went outבָּהּwith itפְּטוּרָה.she is exemptאֲבָלbutהָאִישׁa manמֻתָּרis permittedלָצֵאתto go outבְּטַבַּעַתwith a ringשֶׁיֵּשׁthat there isעָלֶיהָupon itחוֹתָםa sealמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהוּאthat it isתַּכְשִׁיטjewelryוְאֵיןand it is notדַּרְכּוֹhis wayלְהֵרָאוֹת.to show offוְנָהֲגוּand they accustomedכָּלallהָעָםthe peopleשֶׁלֹּאthat notיֵצְאוּthey go outבְּטַבַּעַתwith a ringכְּלָל:at all
This halacha discusses the Rabbinic decree forbidding a woman from wearing a ring without a seal in public, and the permission for a man to wear a ring with a seal.
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דִּין יְצִיאָה בְּמַחַט וּבְתַכְשִׁיטִין בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 5 · The Laws of Going Out with a Needle and Ornaments on Shabbos
אִשָּׁהA womanשֶׁיָּצְאָהwho went outבְּמַחַטwith a needleנְקוּבָהperforatedחַיֶּבֶתis liableוְהָאִישׁand the manפָּטוּר.is exemptוְאִישׁand a manשֶׁיָּצָאwho went outבְּמַחַטwith a needleשֶׁאֵינָהּthat is notנְקוּבָהperforatedחַיָּבis liableוְהָאִשָּׁהand the womanפְּטוּרָהis exemptמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהִיאthat itמִתַּכְשִׁיטֶיהָis of her ornamentsוְאֵינָהּand it is notאֲסוּרָהforbiddenאֶלָּאexceptגְּזֵרָהas a decreeשֶׁמָּאlestתַּרְאֶהshe will showלְחַבְרוֹתֶיהָ.to her friendsזֶהthisהַכְּלָלis the ruleכָּלanyoneהַיּוֹצֵאwho goes outבְּדָבָרwith an objectשֶׁאֵינוֹthat is notמִתַּכְשִׁיטָיוof his ornamentsוְאֵינוֹand it is notדֶּרֶךְthe way ofמַלְבּוּשׁa garmentוְהוֹצִיאוֹand he carried it outכְּדֶרֶךְin the mannerשֶׁמּוֹצִיאִיןthat they carry outאוֹתוֹthatדָּבָרobjectחַיָּב.is liableוְכָלand anyoneהַיּוֹצֵאwho goes outבְּדָבָרwith an objectשֶׁהוּאthat isמִתַּכְשִׁיטָיוof his ornamentsוְהָיָהand it wasרָפוּיlooseוְאֶפְשָׁרand it is possibleשֶׁיִּפּלthat it will fallבִּמְהֵרָהquicklyוְיָבֹאand he will comeלַהֲבִיאוֹto bring itבִּרְשׁוּתin the domain ofהָרַבִּים.the publicוְכֵןand soאִשָּׁהa womanשֶׁיָּצָאתwho went outבְּתַכְשִׁיטִיןwith ornamentsשֶׁדַּרְכָּןwhose wayלִשְׁלֹףis to slip offאוֹתָןthemוּלְהַרְאוֹתָןand to show themהֲרֵיbeholdאֵלּוּtheseפְּטוּרִין.are exemptוְכָלand anyדָּבָרobjectשֶׁהוּאthat isתַּכְשִׁיטan ornamentוְאֵינוֹand it does notנוֹפֵלfallוְאֵיןand it is notדַּרְכָּהּher wayלְהַרְאוֹתוֹto show itהֲרֵיbeholdזֶהthisמֻתָּרis permittedלָצֵאתto go outבּוֹ.with itלְפִיכָךְthereforeאֶצְעָדָהa braceletשֶׁמַּנִּיחִיןthat they placeאוֹתָהּitבַּזְּרוֹעַon the armאוֹorבַּשּׁוֹקon the legיוֹצְאִיןthey may go outבָּהּwith itבְּשַׁבָּתon Shabbosוְהוּאand itשֶׁתִּהְיֶהis that it must beדְּבוּקָהclingingלַבָּשָׂרto the fleshוְלֹאand notתִּשָּׁמֵט.slip offוְכֵןand soכָּלallכַּיּוֹצֵאsimilarבָּזֶה:to this
This halacha delineates which items are considered ornaments or garments for men and women, and the Rabbinic decrees against carrying loose jewelry that might fall or be shown to friends.
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אִסּוּר יְצִיאָה בְּתַכְשִׁיטִין וְחוּטִין הַחֲשׁוּשִׁין לְהַסָּרָהHalacha 6 · Prohibition of Going Out with Ornaments and Strands Susceptible to Removal
לֹאNotתֵּצֵאshall go outאִשָּׁהa womanבְּחוּטֵיwith strands ofצֶמֶרwoolאוֹorבְּחוּטֵיwith strands ofפִּשְׁתָּןlinenאוֹorבִּרְצוּעוֹתwith strapsהַקְּשׁוּרוֹתthat are tiedלָהּfor herעַלonרֹאשָׁהּher headשֶׁמָּאlestתַּחְלֹץshe untieאוֹתָהּthemבִּשְׁעַתat the time ofטְבִילָהimmersionוְתַעֲבִירָהּand she will carry themבִּרְשׁוּתin the domain ofהָרַבִּים.the publicוְלֹאand notבְּצִיץwith a frontletשֶׁמַּנַּחַתthat she placesבֵּיןbetweenעֵינֶיהָher eyesוְלֹאand notבִּלְחָיַיִםwith cheek-platesשֶׁלofזָהָבgoldשֶׁיּוֹרְדִיןthat descendמִןfromהַצִּיץthe frontletעַלuponלְחָיֶיהָher cheeksבִּזְמַןat a timeשֶׁאֵינָןthat they are notתְּפוּרִיןsewnזֶהthisבָּזֶה.to thisוְלֹאand notבַּעֲטָרָהwith a crownשֶׁלofזָהָבgoldשֶׁמֻּנַּחַתthat is placedבְּרֹאשָׁהּon her headוְלֹאand notבִּכְבָלִיםwith ankle-chainsשֶׁיּוֹצְאִיןthat go outבָּהֶןwith themהַבָּנוֹתthe girlsבְּרַגְלֵיהֶןon their legsכְּדֵיin orderשֶׁלֹּאthat notיִפְסְעוּthey will strideפְּסִיעָהa strideגַּסָּהlargeשֶׁלֹּאso that notיַפְסִידוּthey will destroyבְּתוּלֵיהֶן.their virginityכָּלAll ofאֵלּוּtheseאֲסוּרִיןare forbiddenלָצֵאתto go outבָּהֶןwith themבְּשַׁבָּתon Shabbosשֶׁמָּאlestיִפְּלוּthey fallוּתְבִיאֵןand she will bring themבְּיָדָהּ:in her hand
This halacha details the Rabbinic prohibitions against a woman wearing certain headbands, strands, or loose jewelry in the public domain on Shabbos, due to the concern that she might remove them and carry them by hand.
הל׳ ז
אִסּוּר יְצִיאָה בְּתַכְשִׁיטִין וּבְשֵּׁן תּוֹתֶבֶת בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 7 · Prohibition of Going Out with Jewelry and False Teeth on Shabbos
לֹאnotתֵּצֵאshall go outאִשָּׁהa womanבְּקַטְלָאwith a necklaceשֶׁבְּצַוָּארָהthat is on her neckוְלֹאand notבְּנִזְמֵיwith rings ofהָאַףthe noseוְלֹאand notבִּצְלוֹחִיתwith a flaskשֶׁלofפְּלַיָּיטוֹןbalsam oilהַקְּבוּעָהthat is fixedעַלonזְרוֹעָהּ.her armוְלֹאand notבַּכִּיסwith the pouchהַקָּטָןthe smallהֶעָגלroundשֶׁמַּנִּיחִיןthat they placeבּוֹin itשֶׁמֶןoilהַטּוֹבthe goodוְהוּאand itהַנִּקְרָאis calledכּוֹבֶלֶת.a spice pouchוְלֹאand notבְּפֵאָהwith a wigשֶׁלofשֵׂעָרhairשֶׁמַּנַּחַתthat she placesעַלonרֹאשָׁהּher headכְּדֵיin orderשֶׁתֵּרָאֶהthat she appearבַּעֲלַתpossessor ofשֵׂעָרhairהַרְבֵּה.muchוְלֹאand notבְּכָבוּלwith a padשֶׁלofצֶמֶרwoolשֶׁמַּקֶּפֶתthat surroundsאוֹתוֹitסָבִיבaroundלְפָנֶיהָ.her faceוְלֹאand notבְּשֵׁןwith a toothשֶׁמַּנַּחַתthat she placesבְּפִיהָin her mouthבִּמְקוֹםin place ofשֵׁןa toothשֶׁנָּפַל.that fellוְלֹאand notבְּשֵׁןwith a toothשֶׁלofזָהָבgoldשֶׁמַּנַּחַתthat she placesעַלoverשֵׁןa toothשָׁחֹרblackאוֹorאָדֹםredשֶׁיֵּשׁthat there isבְּשִּׁנֶּיהָ.in her teethאֲבָלbutשֵׁןa toothשֶׁלofכֶּסֶףsilverמֻתָּרis permittedמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁאֵינוֹthat it is notנִכָּר.noticeableכָּלallאֵלּוּtheseאֲסוּרִיןare forbiddenלָצֵאתto go outבָּהֶןwith themשֶׁמָּאlestיִפְּלוּthey will fallוּתְבִיאֵםand she will carry themבְּיָדָהּin her handאוֹorתַּחְלֹץshe will removeוְתַרְאֶהand showלְחַבְרוֹתֶיהָ:to her friends
This halacha details the Rabbinic prohibitions against a woman wearing certain ornaments, wigs, or dental coverings in the public domain on Shabbos, due to the concern that she might carry them.
הל׳ ח
אִסּוּר יְצִיאָה בְּתַכְשִׁיטִין לְחָצֵר שֶׁאֵינָהּ מְעֹרֶבֶתHalacha 8 · The Prohibition of Going Out with Ornaments into an Un-eruv-joined Courtyard
כָּלAnyשֶׁאָסְרוּthat forbadeחֲכָמִיםthe Sagesלָצֵאתto go outבּוֹwith itלִרְשׁוּתto the domainהָרַבִּיםof the publicאָסוּרit is forbiddenלוֹfor oneלָצֵאתto go outבּוֹwith itאֲפִלּוּevenבְּחָצֵרin a courtyardשֶׁאֵינָהּthat is notמְעֹרֶבֶת.joined by an eruvחוּץexceptמִכָּבוּלfor a face padוּפֵאָהand a wigשֶׁלofשֵׂעָרhairשֶׁמֻּתָּרwhich is permittedלָצֵאתto go outבָּהֶןwith themלְחָצֵרto a courtyardשֶׁאֵינָהּthat is notמְעֹרֶבֶתjoined by an eruvכְּדֵיin orderשֶׁלֹּאthat notתִּתְגַּנֶּהshe will become unattractiveעַלtoבַּעְלָהּ.her husbandוְהַיּוֹצֵאתand one who goes outבִּצְלוֹחִיתwith a flaskשֶׁלofפְּלַיָּיטוֹןfoliatum perfumeשֶׁאֵיןthat there is notבָּהּin itבּשֶֹׁםperfumeכְּלָלat allחַיֶּבֶת:is liable
The Sages prohibited going out with certain ornaments even into a courtyard without an eruv, lest one carry them into the public domain, with exceptions made for a woman's cosmetic items.
הל׳ ט
הַתֶּרֶת יְצִיאָה בְּחוּטֵי שֵׂעָר וּבְדָבָר הָאָרוּג בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 9 · Permitted Hair Strands and Woven Head Coverings on Shabbos
יוֹצְאָהGoes outאִשָּׁהa womanבְּחוּטֵיwith strands ofשֵׂעָרhairהַקְּשׁוּרִיםthat are tiedלָהּfor herעַלuponרֹאשָׁהּher headמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהַמַּיִםthat the waterבָּאִיןcomesבָּהֶןin themוְאֵינָןand they do notחוֹצְצִיןinterposeוְאֵינָהּand she does notחוֹלַצְתָּןremove themאִםifאֵרְעָהthere happenedלָהּto herטְבִילָהimmersionעַדsoשֶׁנִּגְזֹרthat we should decreeשֶׁמָּאlestתְּבִיאֵםshe will bring themלִרְשׁוּתinto the domain ofהָרַבִּים.the publicבֵּיןwhetherשֶׁהָיוּthat they wereהַחוּטִיןthe strandsשֶׁלָּהּof hersבֵּיןwhetherשֶׁלofחֲבֶרְתָּהּher friendבֵּיןwhetherשֶׁלofבְּהֵמָה.an animalוְלֹאand notתֵּצֵאshall go outהַזְּקֵנָהthe elderly womanבְּשֶׁלwith ofיַלְדָּהa young womanשֶׁשֶּׁבַחfor an adornmentהֵןthey areלָהּfor herוְשֶׁמָּאand perhapsתַּחְלֹץshe will removeוְתַרְאֵםand show themלְחַבְרוֹתֶיהָ.to her friendsאֲבָלbutיַלְדָּהa young womanיוֹצֵאתgoes outבְּחוּטֵיwith strands ofזְקֵנָה.an elderly womanוְכָלand anythingשֶׁהוּאthat isאָרוּגwovenיוֹצֵאתshe goes outבּוֹwith itעַלuponרֹאשָׁהּ:her head
This halacha discusses which types of hair strands and woven head coverings a woman is permitted to wear into the public domain on Shabbos without concern of carrying.
הל׳ י
דִּינֵי תַּכְשִׁיטֵי אִשָּׁה בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 10 · Laws of Women Wearing Necklaces and Golden Ornaments in the Public Domain on Shabbos
יוֹצְאָהGoes outאִשָּׁהa womanבְּחוּטִיןwith strandsשֶׁבְּצַוָּארָהthat are on her neckמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁאֵינָהּthat she does notחוֹנֶקֶתstrangleעַצְמָהּherselfבָּהֶןwith themוְאֵינָןand they are notחוֹצְצִין.interposingוְאִםand ifהָיוּthey wereצְבוּעִיןcoloredאֲסוּרִיםthey are forbiddenשֶׁמָּאlestתַּרְאֶהshe will showאוֹתָןthemלְחַבְרוֹתֶיהָ.to her friendsוְיוֹצְאָהand goes outאִשָּׁהa womanבְּכָלִילwith a diademשֶׁלofזָהָבgoldבְּרֹאשָׁהּon her headשֶׁאֵיןsinceיוֹצְאָהgoes outבּוֹwith itאֶלָּאonlyאִשָּׁהa womanחֲשׁוּבָהimportantשֶׁאֵיןwho does notדַּרְכָּהּhave the habitלַחֲלֹץto removeוּלְהַרְאוֹת.and to showוְיוֹצְאָהand goes outבְּצִיץwith a frontletוּבִלְחָיַיִםand with cheek-piecesשֶׁלofזָהָבgoldבִּזְמַןat a timeשֶׁהֵןthat theyתְּפוּרִיןare sewnבִּשְׂבָכָהinto the hairnetשֶׁעַלthat is onרֹאשָׁהּher headכְּדֵיsoשֶׁלֹּאthat they will notיִפּלוּ.fallוְכֵןand soכָּלallכַּיּוֹצֵאsimilarבָּהֶם:to them
This halacha details which neck ornaments and golden headpieces a woman is permitted to wear into the public domain on Shabbos without concern of carrying.
הל׳ יא
הַתָּרַת יְצִיאָה בְּמוֹךְ שֶׁבָּאֹזֶן וּבַסַּנְדָּל וּלְנִדָּתָהּ בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 11 · Permitted Items for a Woman to Wear Outdoors on Shabbos Including Wadding
יוֹצְאָהMay go outאִשָּׁהa womanבְּמוֹךְwith waddingשֶׁבְּאָזְנָהּthat is in her earוְהוּאand itשֶׁיִּהְיֶהthat it isקָשׁוּרtiedבְּאָזְנָהּ.to her earוּבְמוֹךְand with waddingשֶׁבְּסַנְדָּלָהּthat is in her sandalוְהוּאand itשֶׁיִּהְיֶהthat it isקָשׁוּרtiedבְּסַנְדָּלָהּ.to her sandalוּבְמוֹךְand with waddingשֶׁהִתְקִינָהthat she preparedלְנִדָּתָהּfor her menstrual dischargeוְאַףand evenעַל·פִּיthoughשֶׁאֵינוֹthat it is notקָשׁוּרtiedוַאֲפִלּוּand even ifעָשְׂתָהshe madeלוֹfor itבֵּיתa house ofיָדa handשֶׁאִםfor ifנָפַלit fallsאֵינָהּshe will notמְבִיאָהbringאוֹתוֹitמִפְּנֵיbecause ofמְאִיסוּתוֹ:its repulsiveness
This halacha details which types of wadding a woman is permitted to wear when going out into the public domain on Shabbos.
הל׳ יב
דְּבָרִים שֶׁהָאִשָּׁה יוֹצְאָה בָּהֶם לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וְדִינֵי פְּרִיפָהHalacha 12 · Items a Woman May Wear in Public and the Laws of Fastening a Cloak
וְיוֹצְאָהAnd she may go outבְּפִלְפֵּלwith pepperוּבְגַרְגִּירand with a grainמֶלַחof saltוּבְכָלand with anyדָּבָרthingשֶׁתִּתֵּןthat she putsלְתוֹךְintoפִּיהָher mouthמִפְּנֵיbecause ofרֵיחַthe odor ofהַפֶּה.the mouthוְלֹאbut notתִּתֵּןshall she putלְכַתְּחִלָּהinitiallyבְּשַׁבָּת.on ShabbosיוֹצְאוֹתThey may go outהַנָּשִׁיםthe womenבְּקֵיסָמִיןwith wood-sliversשֶׁבְּאָזְנֵיהֶןthat are in their earsוּבִרְעָלוֹתand with bellsשֶׁבְּצַוָּארָןthat are on their necksאוֹorשֶׁבִּכְסוּתָןthat are on their garmentsוּבָרְדִידand with the cloakהַפָּרוּףthat is fastenedוּפוֹרֶפֶתand she may fastenבַּתְּחִלָּהinitiallyבְּשַׁבָּתon Shabbosעַלuponהָאֶבֶןthe stoneוְעַלand uponהָאֱגוֹזthe nutוְיוֹצְאָה.and go outוְלֹאand notתַּעֲרִיםmay she use a ruseוְתִפְרֹףand fastenעַלuponהָאֱגוֹזthe nutכְּדֵיin orderלְהוֹצִיאוֹto bring it outלִבְנָהּfor her sonהַקָּטָן.the youngוְכֵןand likewiseלֹאnotתִּפְרֹףmay she fastenעַלuponהַמַּטְבֵּעַthe coinלְכַתְּחִלָּהinitiallyמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁאָסוּרthat it is forbiddenלְטַלְטְלוֹ.to move itוְאִםand ifפָּרְפָהshe fastenedיוֹצְאָהshe may go outבּוֹ:with it
This halacha details what remedies for bad breath, ear splints, ornaments, and makeshift cloak fasteners a woman is permitted to wear into the public domain on Shabbos.
הל׳ יג
יְצִיאָה בִּדְבָרִים הַמְרַפְּאִים וּבִסְגֻלּוֹת בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 13 · Going Out with Healing Items and Proven Remedies on Shabbos
יוֹצֵאgoes outאָדָםa manבְּקֵיסָםwith a sliverשֶׁבְּשִׁנָּיוthat is in his teethוְשֶׁבְּסַנְדָּלוֹand that is in his sandalלִרְשׁוּתto the domainהָרַבִּים.of the publicוְאִםand ifנָפַלit fellלֹאnotיַחֲזִיר.shall he return itוּבְמוֹךְand with waddingוּבִסְפוֹגand with a spongeשֶׁעַלthat is onגַּבֵּיtop ofהַמַּכָּהthe woundוּבִלְבַדand onlyשֶׁלֹּאthat notיִכְרֹךְshall he windעֲלֵיהֶןover themחוּטa threadאוֹorמְשִׁיחָהa stringשֶׁהֲרֵיfor beholdהַחוּטthe threadוְהַמְּשִׁיחָהand the stringחֲשׁוּבִיןare importantאֶצְלוֹto himוְאֵינָםand they do notמוֹעִילִיןassistלַמַּכָּה.the woundוְיוֹצֵאand he may go outבִּקְלִפַּתwith the peel ofהַשּׁוּםthe garlicוּבִקְלִפַּתand with the peel ofהַבָּצָלthe onionשֶׁעַלthat is onהַמַּכָּהthe woundוּבְאֶגֶדand with a bandageשֶׁעַלthat is onגַּבֵּיtop ofמַכָּהa woundוְקוֹשְׁרוֹand he may tie itוּמַתִּירוֹand untie itבְּשַׁבָּת.on Shabbosוּבְאִסְפְּלָנִיתand with a plasterוּמְלוּגְמָאand a poulticeוּרְטִיָּהand a compressשֶׁעַלthat is onגַּבֵּיtop ofהַמַּכָּהthe woundוּבְסֶלַעand with a sela coinשֶׁעַלthat is onהִצִּינִיתthe footsoreוּבְבֵיצַתand with an egg ofהַחַרְגּוֹלthe locustוּבְשֵׁןand with a tooth ofהַשּׁוּעָלthe foxוּבְמַסְמֵרand with a nail ofהַצָּלוּב.the crucifiedוּבְכָלand with anyדָּבָרthingשֶׁתּוֹלִיןthat they hangאוֹתוֹitמִשּׁוּםfor the sake ofרְפוּאָהhealingוְהוּאand this isשֶׁיֹּאמְרוּprovided that they sayהָרוֹפְאִיםthe physiciansשֶׁהוּאthat itמוֹעִיל:is effective
This halacha details which medical applications, bandages, and proven remedies a person is permitted to wear when going out into the public domain on Shabbos.
הל׳ יד
הַיְּצִיאָה בְּאֶבֶן תְּקוּמָה וּבְקָמֵעַ מֻמְחֶה וּבִתְפִלִּין בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 14 · Going Out with a Tekumah Stone, a Proven Amulet, and Tefillin on Shabbos
יוֹצֵאתMay go outהָאִשָּׁהa womanבְּאֶבֶןwith a stone ofתְּקוּמָהtekumahוּבְמִשְׁקַלand with the weight ofאֶבֶןa stone ofתְּקוּמָהtekumahשֶׁנִּתְכַּוֵּןthat was intendedוּשְׁקָלוֹand weighedלִרְפוּאָה.for healingוְלֹאand notאִשָּׁהa womanעֻבָּרָהpregnantבִּלְבַדonlyאֶלָּאbutאֲפִלּוּevenשְׁאָרotherהַנָּשִׁיםwomenשֶׁמָּאlestתִּתְעַבֵּרshe will become pregnantוְתַפִּיל.and miscarryוְיוֹצְאִיןAnd we may go outבְּקָמֵעַwith an amuletמֻמְחֶה.provenוְאֵיand whichזֶהthisהוּאisקָמֵעַan amuletמֻמְחֶהprovenזֶהthisשֶׁרִפֵּאthat healedלִשְׁלֹשָׁהthreeבְּנֵיpeopleאָדָם·אוֹorשֶׁעֲשָׂהוּthat made itאָדָםa personשֶׁרִפֵּאwho healedשְׁלֹשָׁהthreeבְּנֵיpeopleאָדָם·בִּקְמֵעִיןwith amuletsאֲחֵרִים.otherוְאִםAnd ifיָצָאhe went outבְּקָמֵעַwith an amuletשֶׁאֵינוֹthat is notמֻמְחֶהprovenפָּטוּר.he is exemptמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהוֹצִיאוֹthat he carried it outדֶּרֶךְby way ofמַלְבּוּשׁ.a garmentוְכֵןAnd soהַיּוֹצֵאone who goes outבִּתְפִלִּיןwith tefillinפָּטוּר:is exempt
This halacha discusses the permissibility of carrying therapeutic items like a tekumah stone or a proven amulet, as well as the status of tefillin on Shabbos.
הל׳ טו
דִּינֵי יְצִיאָה בְּסַנְדָּל יְחִידִי וּבְמִנְעָלִים שׁוֹנִים בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 15 · Laws of Going Out with a Single Sandal and Various Footwear on Shabbos
מִיOneשֶׁיֵּשׁwho hasבְּרַגְלוֹon his footמַכָּהa woundיוֹצֵאmay go outבְּסַנְדָּלwith a sandalיְחִידִיsingleבְּרַגְלוֹon his footהַבְּרִיאָה.the healthyוְאִםand ifאֵיןthere is notבְּרַגְלוֹon his footמַכָּהa woundלֹאnotיֵצֵאshall he go outבְּסַנְדָּלwith a sandalיָחִיד.singleוְלֹאand notיֵצֵאshall go outקָטָןa childבְּמִנְעָלin a shoeגָּדוֹלlargeאֲבָלbutיוֹצֵאgo outהוּאheבְּחָלוּקin a cloakגָּדוֹל.largeוְלֹאand notתֵּצֵאshall go outאִשָּׁהa womanבְּמִנְעָלin a shoeרָפוּיlooseוְלֹאand notבְּמִנְעָלin a shoeחָדָשׁnewשֶׁלֹּאthat notיָצְאָהshe went outבּוֹin itשָׁעָהhourאַחַתoneמִבְּעוֹדfrom while yetיוֹם.dayוְאֵיןand notהַקִּטֵּעַthe amputeeיוֹצֵאgoes outבְּקַבwith the wooden legשֶׁלּוֹ.hisאַנְקַּטְמִיןwooden shoesשֶׁלofעֵץwoodאֵיןnotיוֹצְאִיןdo we go outבָּהֶןin themבְּשַׁבָּתon Shabbosמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁאֵינָןthat they are notמִדַּרְכֵיfrom the ways ofהַמַּלְבּוּשׁ.the clothingוְאִםand ifיָצְאוּthey went outפְּטוּרִין:they are exempt
This halacha details which types of footwear, such as a single sandal, loose shoes, or wooden shoes, are permitted or forbidden to be worn in a public domain on Shabbos.
הל׳ טז
יְצִיאָה בִּפְקָרִיוֹן וּבְצִיפָה לְבַעֲלֵי חֲטָטִין בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 16 · Going Out on Shabbos with Wigs of Flax or Wool for Head Sores
יוֹצְאִיןThey may go outבִּפְקָרִיוֹןwith a wig of flaxוּבְצִיפָהand with a wig of woolשֶׁבְּרָאשֵׁיthat is on the heads ofבַּעֲלֵיthose who haveחֲטָטִין.soresאֵימָתַיWhenבִּזְמַןat a timeשֶׁצְּבָעָןthat he dyed themבְּשֶׁמֶןwith oilוּכְרָכָןand wound themאוֹorשֶׁיָּצָאthat he went outבָּהֶןwith themשָׁעָהhourאַחַתoneמִבְּעוֹדwhile it was yetיוֹם.dayאֲבָלbutאִםifלֹאnotעָשָׂהhe didבָּהֶןwith themמַעֲשֶׂהan actionוְלֹאand notיָצָאhe went outבָּהֶןwith themקֹדֶםbeforeהַשַּׁבָּתthe Shabbosאָסוּרit is forbiddenלָצֵאתto go outבָּהֶן:with them
This halacha discusses the conditions under which a person with head sores may wear protective flax or wool wigs on Shabbos.
הל׳ יז
דִּינֵי יְצִיאָה בִּבְגָדִים הַמְּגִנִּים מִפְּנֵי הַגְּשָׁמִיםHalacha 17 · Laws of Going Out with Garments that Protect Against Rain
יוֹצְאִיןWe may go outבְּשַׂקwith sackclothעָבֶהcoarseוּבִירִיעָהand with tent-clothוּבְסָגוֹסand with a wrapעָבֶהcoarseוּבַחֲמִילָהand with a blanketמִפְּנֵיbecause ofהַגְּשָׁמִים.the rainאֲבָלbutלֹאnotבְּתֵבָהwith a chestוְלֹאand notבְּקֻפָּהwith a basketוְלֹאand notבְּמַחְצֶלֶתwith a matמִפְּנֵיbecause ofהַגְּשָׁמִים.the rainהַכַּרThe pillowוְהַכֶּסֶתand the blanketאִםifהָיוּthey wereרַכִּיןsoftוְדַקִּיןand thinכְּמוֹlikeהַבְּגָדִיםgarmentsמֻתָּרit is permittedלְהוֹצִיאָןto go out with themמֻנָּחִיןplacedעַלuponרֹאשׁוֹhis headבְּשַׁבָּתon Shabbosדֶּרֶךְby way ofמַלְבּוּשׁ.a garmentוְאִםand ifהָיוּthey wereקָשִׁיןstiffהֲרֵיbeholdהֵןtheyכְּמַשּׂאוֹיare like a burdenוַאֲסוּרִין:and are forbidden
This halacha discusses which coarse materials and bedding items may be worn on Shabbos to protect against rain without violating the prohibition of carrying.
הל׳ יח
דִּינֵי יְצִיאָה בְּזוֹגִין, חוֹתָם, וְקִפּוּל טַלִּית בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 18 · Laws of Going Out with Bells, Seals, and Folded Garments on Shabbos
יוֹצְאִיןWe may go outבְּזוֹגִיןwith bellsהָאֲרוּגִיןthat are wovenבַּבְּגָדִים.into the garmentsוְיוֹצֵאand may go outהָעֶבֶדthe servantבְּחוֹתָםwith a sealשֶׁלofטִיטclayשֶׁבְּצַוָּארוֹthat is on his neckאֲבָלbutלֹאnotבְּחוֹתָםwith a sealשֶׁלofמַתֶּכֶתmetalשֶׁמָּאlestיִפּלit fallוִיבִיאֶנּוּ.and he will carry itהַמִּתְעַטֵּףOne who wraps himselfבְּטַלִּיתוֹin his tallisוְקִפְּלָהּand folded itמִכָּאןfrom hereוּמִכָּאןand from thereבְּיָדוֹin his handאוֹorעַלonכְּתֵפוֹhis shoulderאִםifנִתְכַּוֵּןhe intendedלְקַבֵּץto gatherכְּנָפָיוits cornersכְּדֵיin orderשֶׁלֹּאthat notיִקָּרְעוּthey will tearאוֹorשֶׁלֹּאthat notיִתְלַכְלְכוּthey will become soiledאָסוּר.it is forbiddenוְאִםand ifקִבְּצָןhe gathered themלְהִתְנָאוֹתto beautify himselfבָּהֶןwith themכְּמִנְהַגlike the custom ofאַנְשֵׁיthe people ofהַמָּקוֹםthe placeבְּמַלְבּוּשָׁןin their clothingמֻתָּר:it is permitted
This halacha discusses what items may be worn on one's clothing or body in public on Shabbos, and the permissible ways of draping a tallis.
הל׳ יט
דִּין יְצִיאָה בְּטַלִּית מְקֻפֶּלֶת וּבְסוּדָר עַל הַכָּתֵף בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 19 · Going Out with a Folded Garment or a Wrap on Shabbos
הַיּוֹצֵאOne who goes outבְּטַלִּיתwith a garmentמְקֻפֶּלֶתfoldedוּמֻנַּחַתand placedעַלuponכְּתֵפוֹhis shoulderחַיָּב.is liableאֲבָלbutיוֹצֵאgo outהוּאheבְּסוּדָרmay with a wrapשֶׁעַלthat is uponכְּתֵפוֹhis shoulderאַףevenעַל·פִּיthoughשֶׁאֵיןthere is notנִימָהa threadקְשׁוּרָהtiedלוֹto himבְּאֶצְבָּעוֹ.on his fingerוְכָלand anyסוּדָרwrapשֶׁאֵינוֹthat does notחוֹפֶהcoverרֹאשׁוֹhis headוְרֻבּוֹand his majorityאָסוּרit is forbiddenלָצֵאתto go outבּוֹ.with itהָיְתָהIf it wasסַכְנִיתa head-clothקְצָרָהshortשֶׁאֵינָהּthat is notרְחָבָהwideקוֹשֵׁרhe tiesשְׁנֵיtwo ofרָאשֶׁיהָits endsלְמַטָּהbelowמִכְּתֵפַיִםthe shouldersוְנִמְצֵאתand it is foundכְּמוֹlikeאַבְנֵטa beltוּמֻתָּרand it is permittedלָצֵאתto go outבָּהּ:with it
This halacha discusses the laws of carrying garments on one's shoulders on Shabbos, distinguishing between a folded garment and a wrap or head-cloth.
הל׳ כ
דִּין יְצִיאָה בְּטַלִּית הַמְצֻיֶּצֶת כְּהִלְכָתָהּ וּבְטַלִּית שֶׁאֵינָהּ מְצֻיֶּצֶת כְּהִלְכָתָהּHalacha 20 · Going Out on Shabbos in a Properly or Improperly Fringed Tallit
מֻתָּרIt is permittedלְהִתְעַטֵּףto wrap oneselfבְּטַלִּיתin a tallitשֶׁיֵּשׁthat hasבְּשִׂפְתוֹתֶיהָon its edgesמֶלֶלunwoven strandsאַףevenעַל·פִּיthoughשֶׁהֵןthey areחוּטִיןthreadsאֲרֻכִּיןlongוְאַףand evenעַל·פִּיthoughשֶׁאֵינָןthey are notנוֹיan adornment ofהַטַּלִּיתthe tallitמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁהֵןthey areבְּטֵלִיםnullifiedלְגַבֵּיrelative toהַטַּלִּיתthe tallitוְאֵינוֹand he does notמַקְפִּידcareעֲלֵיהֶןabout themבֵּיןwhetherהָיוּthey wereבֵּיןwhetherלֹאnotהָיוּ.they wereלְפִיכָךְThereforeהַיּוֹצֵאone who goes outבְּטַלִּיתin a tallitשֶׁאֵינָהּthat is notמְצֻיֶּצֶתfringed with tzitzitכְּהִלְכָתָהּaccording to its lawחַיָּבis liableמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁאוֹתָןthoseהַחוּטִיןthreadsחֲשׁוּבִיןimportantהֵןareאֶצְלוֹto himוְדַעְתּוֹand his mindעֲלֵיהֶןis on themעַדuntilשֶׁיַּשְׁלִיםhe completesחֶסְרוֹנָןtheir deficiencyוְיֵעָשׂוּand they are made intoצִיצִית.tzitzitאֲבָלButטַלִּיתa tallitהַמְצֻיֶּצֶתthat is fringed with tzitzitכְּהִלְכָתָהּaccording to its lawמֻתָּרit is permittedלָצֵאתto go outבָּהּin itבֵּיןwhetherבַּיּוֹםby dayבֵּיןwhetherבַּלַּיְלָה.by nightשֶׁאֵיןfor notהַצִּיצִיתthe tzitzitהַגְּמוּרָהcompletedמַשּׂאוֹיare a burdenאֶלָּאratherהֲרֵיbeholdהִיאitמִנּוֹיis of the adornment ofהַבֶּגֶדthe garmentוּמִתַּכְסִיסָיוand of its ornamentsכְּמוֹlikeהָאִמְרָאthe hemוְכַיּוֹצֵאand similarבָּהּ.to itוְאִלּוּAnd ifהָיוּwereחוּטֵיthe threads ofהַצִּיצִיתthe tzitzitשֶׁהִיאwhich isמְצֻיֶּצֶתfringed with tzitzitכְּהִלְכָתָהּaccording to its lawמַשּׂאוֹיa burdenהָיָהhe would beחַיָּבliableהַיּוֹצֵאone who goes outבָּהּin itאֲפִלּוּevenבְּיוֹםon the day ofהַשַּׁבָּתthe Shabbosשֶׁאֵיןfor notמִצְוַתa commandment ofעֲשֵׂהactionשֶׁאֵיןthat there is notבָּהּin itכָּרֵתkaretדּוֹחָהsupersedesשַׁבָּת:Shabbos
This halacha explains that properly made tzitzit are considered an adornment of the garment and may be worn on Shabbos, whereas invalid tzitzit are considered a burden because the wearer intends to fix them.
הל׳ כא
אִסּוּר יְצִיאַת בַּעֲלֵי אֻמָּנִיּוֹת בִּכְלֵי אֻמָּנוּתָם בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 21 · The Prohibition of Artisans Going Out with the Tools of Their Trade on Shabbos
לֹאNotיֵצֵאshall go outהַחַיָּטthe tailorבְּשַׁבָּתon Shabbosבְּמַחַטwith a needleהַתְּחוּבָהthat is stuckלוֹfor himבְּבִגְדוֹ.in his garmentוְלֹאand notנַגָּרa carpenterבְּקֵיסָםwith a wood-sliverשֶׁבְּאָזְנוֹ.that is in his earוְלֹאand notגַּרְדִּיa weaverבָּאִירָאwith woolשֶׁבְּאָזְנוֹ.that is in his earוְלֹאand notסוֹרֵקa carderבִּמְשִׁיחָהwith a cordשֶׁבְּאָזְנוֹ.that is on his neckוְלֹאand notשֻׁלְחָנִיa money-changerבְּדִינָרwith a dinarשֶׁבְּצַוָּארוֹ.that is in his earוְלֹאand notצַבָּעa dyerבְּדֻגְמָאwith a sampleשֶׁבְּאָזְנוֹ.that is in his earוְאִםand ifיָצָאhe went outפָּטוּרhe is exemptאַףevenעַל·פִּיthoughשֶׁיָּצָאthat he went outדֶּרֶךְthe way ofאֻמָּנוּתוֹhis craftמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁלֹּאthat notהוֹצִיאhe carried outכְּדֶרֶךְlike the way ofהַמּוֹצִיאִין:those who carry out
This halacha discusses the Rabbinic prohibition against artisans carrying their professional tools or samples in their customary manner on Shabbos.
הל׳ כב
הַזָּב הַיּוֹצֵא בְּכִיסוֹ וּמְלָאכָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה לְגוּפָהּHalacha 22 · A Zav Carrying His Receptacle and Melacha Not Needed for Its Own Sake
הַזָּבThe zavשֶׁיָּצָאwho went outבְּכִיסwith a receptacleשֶׁלּוֹof hisחַיָּבis liableמִפְּנֵיbecauseשֶׁאֵיןthat there is noדֶּרֶךְwayכִּיסof a receptacleזֶהthisלְהוֹצִיאוֹto carry it outאֶלָּאexceptכַּדֶּרֶךְin the wayהַזֹּאתthisוְאַףand evenעַל·פִּיthoughשֶׁאֵינוֹthat he does notצָרִיךְneedלְגוּףfor the body ofהַהוֹצָאָהthe carrying outאֶלָּאexceptכְּדֵיin orderשֶׁלֹּאthat notיִתְלַכְלְכוּwill be soiledבְּגָדָיוhis clothesשֶׁהַמְּלָאכָהfor a melachaשֶׁאֵינָהּwhich is notצְרִיכָהneededלְגוּפָהּfor its own sakeחַיָּבone is liableעָלֶיהָ:for it
This halacha establishes that carrying out a zav's receptacle is a liable offense on Shabbos, demonstrating the Rambam's view that one is liable for a melacha she'eina tzricha l'gufah.
הל׳ כג
הַצָּלַת תְּפִלִּין מֵרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 23 · Rescuing Tefillin Found in the Public Domain on Shabbos
הַמּוֹצֵאOne who findsתְּפִלִּיןtefillinבְּשַׁבָּתon Shabbosבִּרְשׁוּתin the domainהָרַבִּיםof the publicכֵּיצַדhowהוּאdoes heעוֹשֶׂה.actלוֹבְשָׁןHe wears themכְּדַרְכָּן,in their mannerמֵנִיחַhe placesשֶׁלthat ofיָדthe handבְּיָדוֹon his handשֶׁלthat ofרֹאשׁthe headבְּרֹאשׁוֹon his headוְנִכְנָסand entersוְחוֹלְצָןand removes themבְּבַיִתin a houseוְחוֹזֵרand returnsוְיוֹצֵאand goes outוְלוֹבֵשׁand wearsזוּגa pairשֵׁנִיsecondוְחוֹלְצָןand removes themעַדuntilשֶׁיַּכְנִיסhe brings inאֶת—כֻּלָּן.all of themוְאִםAnd ifהָיוּthey wereהַרְבֵּהmanyוְלֹאand notנִשְׁאַרremainedמִןofהַיּוֹםthe dayכְּדֵיenoughלְהַכְנִיסָןto bring them inדֶּרֶךְby way ofמַלְבּוּשׁclothingהֲרֵיbeholdזֶהthis oneמַחְשִׁיךְwaits until darkעֲלֵיהֶםover themוּמַכְנִיסָןand brings them inבְּמוֹצָאֵיat the departure ofשַׁבָּת.ShabbosוְאִםAnd ifהָיָהit wasבִּימֵיin the days ofהַגְּזֵרָהthe decreeשֶׁמִּתְיָרֵאthat he fearsלֵישֵׁבto sitוּלְשָׁמְרָןand to guard themעַדuntilהָעֶרֶבthe eveningמִפְּנֵיbecause ofהַכּוּתִיםthe non-Jewsמְכַסָּןhe covers themבִּמְקוֹמָןin their placeוּמַנִּיחָןand leaves themוְהוֹלֵךְ:and goes
This halacha details how one may wear found tefillin as garments to transport them to safety on Shabbos, and what to do if there is insufficient time or during times of danger.
הל׳ כד
הַצָּלַת תְּפִלִּין מִפְּנֵי הַלִּסְטִים בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 24 · Saving Tefillin from Bandits on Shabbos by Carrying in Stages
הָיָהwasמִתְיָרֵאafraidלְהַחְשִׁיךְto wait until nightfallעֲלֵיהֶןover themמִפְּנֵיbecause ofהַלִּסְטִיםthe banditsנוֹטֵל—אֶתall of themכֻּלָּןas oneכְּאַחַתand carries themוּמוֹלִיכָןlessפָּחוֹתlessפָּחוֹתthan fourמֵאַרְבַּעcubitsאַמּוֹתorאוֹgives themנוֹתְנָןto his colleagueלַחֲבֵרוֹwithinבְּתוֹךְfourאַרְבַּעcubitsאַמּוֹתand his colleagueוַחֲבֵרוֹto his colleagueלַחֲבֵרוֹuntilעַדhe reachesשֶׁמַּגִּיעַto the courtyardלֶחָצֵרoutermostהַחִיצוֹנָה.In whatבַּמֶּהwordsדְּבָרִיםare saidאֲמוּרִיםwhen there wereבְּשֶׁהָיוּon themבָּהֶןtheir strapsרְצוּעוֹתֵיהֶןand theyוְהֵןare tiedמְקֻשָּׁרִיןthe knotקֶשֶׁרofשֶׁלtefillinתְּפִלִּיןfor surelyשֶׁוַּדַּאיtefillinתְּפִלִּיןthey areהֵןbutאֲבָלifאִםnotלֹאwereהָיוּtheir strapsרְצוּעוֹתֵיהֶןtiedמְקֻשָּׁרוֹתhe does notאֵינוֹneed to attendנִזְקָקto themלָהֶן:at all
This halacha details how one may transport multiple pairs of tefillin to safety on Shabbos when there is danger from bandits.
הל׳ כה
הַמּוֹצֵא סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה בְּשַׁבָּתHalacha 25 · One Who Finds a Torah Scroll on Shabbos
הַמּוֹצֵאOne who findsסֵפֶרa scroll ofתּוֹרָהTorahיוֹשֵׁבsitsוּמְשַׁמְּרוֹand guards itוּמַחְשִׁיךְand waits for nightfallעָלָיו.over itוּבַסַּכָּנָהand in dangerמַנִּיחוֹhe leaves itוְהוֹלֵךְand goesלוֹ.his wayוְאִםand ifהָיוּthere wereגְּשָׁמִיםrainsיוֹרְדִיןdescendingמִתְעַטֵּףhe wraps himselfבְּעוֹרin the parchmentוְחוֹזֵרand returnsוּמְכַסֶּהand coversאוֹתוֹitוְנִכְנָסand entersבּוֹ:with it
This halacha details how one must protect a Torah scroll found in a public domain on Shabbos.
הל׳ כו
גְּזֵרַת עֶרֶב שַׁבָּת סָמוּךְ לַחֲשֵׁכָה וְדִינֵי יְצִיאָה בִּתְפִלִּיןHalacha 26 · Decrees on Friday Afternoon and the Laws of Going Out Wearing Tefillin
לֹאNotיֵצֵאshall go outהַחַיָּטthe tailorבְּמַחֲטוֹwith his needleבְּיָדוֹin his handוְלֹאand notהַלַּבְלָרthe scribeבְּקֻלְמוֹסוֹwith his penעֶרֶבon the eve ofשַׁבָּתShabbosסָמוּךְcloseלַחֲשֵׁכָהto darknessשֶׁמָּאlestיִשְׁכַּחhe will forgetוְיוֹצִיא.and carry outוְחַיָּבand obligated isאָדָםa personלְמַשְׁמֵשׁto feelבְּבִגְדוֹhis garmentעֶרֶבon the eve ofשַׁבָּתShabbosעִםwithחֲשֵׁכָהdarknessשֶׁמָּאlestיִהְיֶהthere will beשָׁםthereדָּבָרa thingשָׁכוּחַforgottenוְיֵצֵאand he will go outבּוֹwith itבְּשַׁבָּת.on ShabbosמֻתָּרIt is permittedלָצֵאתto go outבִּתְפִלִּיןwith tefillinעֶרֶבon the eve ofשַׁבָּתShabbosעִםwithחֲשֵׁכָהdarknessהוֹאִילsinceוְחַיָּבand obligated isאָדָםa personלְמַשְׁמֵשׁto feelבִּתְפִלָּיוhis tefillinבְּכָלat everyעֵתmomentאֵינוֹhe does notשׁוֹכְחָן.forget themשָׁכַחIf he forgotוְיָצָאand went outבָּהֶןwith themלִרְשׁוּתinto the domain ofהָרַבִּיםthe publicוְנִזְכַּרand rememberedשֶׁיֵּשׁthat there areלוֹto himתְּפִלִּיןtefillinבְּרֹאשׁוֹon his headמְכַסֶּהhe coversאֶת—רֹאשׁוֹhis headעַדuntilשֶׁמַּגִּיעַhe reachesלְבֵיתוֹhis houseאוֹorלְבֵיתthe house ofהַמִּדְרָשׁ:study
This halacha details the Rabbinic safeguards enacted on Friday afternoon to prevent carrying on Shabbos, and the exception made for tefillin.
Chapter Summaryסִכּוּם
The chapter begins by forbidding one from going out on Shabbos wearing weapons, as they are not considered ornaments, though armor worn as a garment does not carry liability. It discusses the Rabbinic decree against wearing nailed sandals, which was instituted after a tragic event during a time of persecution, and permits wearing royal, tightly fitted belts. Finally, the Rambam details the complex halachos of rings, explaining how the presence of a seal determines whether a ring is considered jewelry for a man or a woman, and outlines the Rabbinic safeguards against a woman wearing permitted jewelry lest she remove it to show her friends.
לְמַעֲשֶׂהWhat To Take Home
The halachos of what we may wear on Shabbos teach us a profound lesson about our inner focus. The Sages forbade carrying weapons because they are not true ornaments; they represent conflict, which has no place on Shabbos, a day of peace. Similarly, they restricted wearing certain beautiful rings and jewelry out of concern that a person might slip them off to show them to others, leading to carrying in the public domain.
This reveals a deep truth about our avodah. True beauty and dignity do not come from showing off our possessions or seeking the approval of others. When we are constantly tempted to "show off" what we have, we risk stumbling and bringing things into domains where they do not belong. Shabbos calls us to find our security and our beauty internally, in our connection to Hashem, rather than in external display.
Today, practice the quiet dignity of Shabbos by resisting the urge to show off a possession, an achievement, or a clever word to others. Keep it private between you and Hashem, finding your joy in His eyes alone.